published_or_final_version / English Studies / Master / Master of Arts

published_or_final_version / Language Studies / Master / Master of Arts

published_or_final_version / abstract / Linguistics / Master / Master of Arts

Esta pesquisa descreve o uso de estrangeirismos no texto jornalístico, na coluna social do Diário de Pernambuco (DP), entre 1930 e 1950, no mês de agosto, período relacionado com o antes e o pós II Guerra Mundial, que aconteceu entre 1939 e 1945, para assim poder identificar o seu aparecimento no processo histórico e suas implicações nos fatores socio-político-sociais da época de sua importação. Antes de chegar a este momento da história, foi realizado um levantamento de como se processou o aparecimento de palavras e/ou expressões estrangeiras na história do Brasil e os resultados demonstram que o seu uso esteve presente desde o período colonial e que as três raças, brancos, negros e índios, deixaram na Língua Portuguesa do Brasil suas contribuições. Um estudo de como alguns gramáticos, lingüistas e escritores tratam o assunto foi feito a fim de comparar as suas posições sobre o assunto. Os resultados mostram que os estrangeirismos eram usados não somente como uma forma requintada para se dar uma notícia, mas como um recurso de dar nome às coisas que não existiam no português da época. O resultado desta pesquisa possibilita-nos avaliar que o uso das palavras estrangeiras em um jornal não representa um perigo à língua portuguesa, mas uma maneira de deixar a língua atualizada / This research describes the use of the foreign words in the journalistic text in the social section of Diário de Pernambuco (DP), in the month of August, between the years of 1930 and 1950, period which preceded and followed the II World War, precisely during the years of 1939 and 1945. The aim of the work was to identify the historical process of appearance of the foreign words and its implication on socio-political factors with their borrowing. A study on the historical process showed that their usage was present since the colonial period and that they were initially introduced to the Portuguese language by the White, the Black and the Indian cultures. A study of how some grammarians, linguists and writers see the problem was done to compare their points of view about it. The results showed that foreign words were used not only as a refinement pattern to introduce the news, but as a way to give name to things that did not exist in the Portuguese language in that time. The results of this research showed that the use of foreign words on a newspaper do not represent a risk to the Portuguese Language, but a way to modernize the language

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:24:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_boris_dimitri.pdf: 3353050 bytes, checksum: 9e3f68c287ef3d2415bef937e5ddfd3c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-03-27 / This research describes the use of the foreign words in the journalistic text in the social section of Diário de Pernambuco (DP), in the month of August, between the years of 1930 and 1950, period which preceded and followed the II World War, precisely during the years of 1939 and 1945. The aim of the work was to identify the historical process of appearance of the foreign words and its implication on socio-political factors with their borrowing. A study on the historical process showed that their usage was present since the colonial period and that they were initially introduced to the Portuguese language by the White, the Black and the Indian cultures. A study of how some grammarians, linguists and writers see the problem was done to compare their points of view about it. The results showed that foreign words were used not only as a refinement pattern to introduce the news, but as a way to give name to things that did not exist in the Portuguese language in that time. The results of this research showed that the use of foreign words on a newspaper do not represent a risk to the Portuguese Language, but a way to modernize the language / Esta pesquisa descreve o uso de estrangeirismos no texto jornalístico, na coluna social do Diário de Pernambuco (DP), entre 1930 e 1950, no mês de agosto, período relacionado com o antes e o pós II Guerra Mundial, que aconteceu entre 1939 e 1945, para assim poder identificar o seu aparecimento no processo histórico e suas implicações nos fatores socio-político-sociais da época de sua importação. Antes de chegar a este momento da história, foi realizado um levantamento de como se processou o aparecimento de palavras e/ou expressões estrangeiras na história do Brasil e os resultados demonstram que o seu uso esteve presente desde o período colonial e que as três raças, brancos, negros e índios, deixaram na Língua Portuguesa do Brasil suas contribuições. Um estudo de como alguns gramáticos, lingüistas e escritores tratam o assunto foi feito a fim de comparar as suas posições sobre o assunto. Os resultados mostram que os estrangeirismos eram usados não somente como uma forma requintada para se dar uma notícia, mas como um recurso de dar nome às coisas que não existiam no português da época. O resultado desta pesquisa possibilita-nos avaliar que o uso das palavras estrangeiras em um jornal não representa um perigo à língua portuguesa, mas uma maneira de deixar a língua atualizada

Vocabulary learning is a fundamental aspect in second language acquisition, yet it produces difficulties due to the use of translation as its most common means. An interesting thesis in this field is the connection between words and culture. But what are the actual theories and tools that make this connection worthwhile? How could it be operative for teachers of FLE (French: French as a foreign language) in Sweden? On the first place, a theoretical framework is established in order to formulate pedagogical propositions. It will examine the connection between vocabulary and culture through a wide array of literature in the field of second language learning. Thus, the intercultural context of language learning offers a relevant platform where notions such as intercomprehension, “lexiculture”, cultural and lexical competences and authentic texts are at play. Based on this theoretical framework, a practical teaching proposition is elaborated. Exercises, ways to introduce new words or examples of the use of intercomprehension in language learning are thus explored. This proposition is supported by two interviews made in dialogue with two French teachers. Their answers tend to confirm in part the relevancy of the theoretical notions explained earlier such as intercomprehension. However, the connection between vocabulary and culture seems to remain vague in the field of word learning. It seems this assumption is rather a context or a framework that emphasizes the complexity of word acquisition and that offers the ability to develop a certain desire in learning new words.

(in English): This thesis focuses on describing the process of assigning grammatical gender to new words and loanwords in contemporary Spanish using corpus analysis. After introducing the area of study, the second chapter sums up the theoretical foundations of grammatical gender, its definition and function in language, and sets out basic rules for its assigning. The third chapter presents a summary of historical development of the perception of grammatical gender in Spanish, from its roots in Latin to main authors of the 20th century. The fourth chapter is dedicated to the transformation of Latin gender system into Spanish. The fifth chapter sums up basic information about neology, its processes and categorisation. These theoretical foundations are drawn upon in the sixth chapter, the corpus analysis, where the thesis presents the results of the research of a sample of neologisms drawn from Banco de Neologismos and analysed using the corpus Araneum Hispanicum Maius. The thesis focuses on the relationship between the grammatical gender used by speakers using neologisms, and the natural gender, the form of neologisms, the type of neology and the etymological gender of loanwords.

近年來網路社群非常活躍,非常多的網民都以社群媒體來分享與討論時事。 不傴於此,網路上的群聚力量已經漸漸從虛擬走向現實,社群媒體的傳播力已 經可以與大眾傳媒比擬。像台大 PTT 的八卦版就是一個這樣具指標性的社群媒 體,許多新聞或是事件都從此版開始討論,然後擴散至主流媒體。透過觀察, 網路鄉民常常會以略帶灰諧的方式,發明新的詞彙去討論時事與人物,例如: 割闌尾、祭止兀、婉君、貫老闆...等。這些新詞的出現,很可能代表一個新的熱門話題的正在醞釀中。但若以傳統的關鍵詞搜索,未必能找到這些含有此類新詞的討論文章。因此,本研究提出一個基於「滑動視窗(Sliding window)」的技巧來輔助中文斷詞,以利找出這些新詞,並進而透過這些新詞對來探詢社群媒體中的新興話題。我們以此技巧修改知名的Jieba 斷詞工具,加上新詞偵測的機制,並以 PTT的八卦版為監測對象,經過長期的的監測後,結果顯示我們的系統可以正確的找出絕大多數的新詞。此外,經過與主流媒體交叉比對,本系統發現的新詞與新話題的確有極高的相關性。 / Internet new residents like to share society current event on the social media website and the influence is propagate to the reality now. For example: On Gossip(八卦版) discussion board of 台大 PTT BBS that had many post are turn into the TV News every day. After some survey we found people like to crate new words to explain society topics, This paper attempt to build up a system to detect the new words from social media. But detect the Chinese new words from unknown words is a thorny problem, on this paper we invent a way – 『Sliding Window』 to elevate the new words detection from Jieba in Chinese words Segmentation, After testing we got 96.94% correct rate and cross valid the detection result by ours system with News and Google Trending we proved the new words detection is a reasonable way to discover new topic.

In this study I investigate Arabization as a quasi ideological-linguistic phenomenon in Saudi Arabia. First, the study examines decisions and policies employed in Arabization on the planning level. Second, it evaluates empirically the extent to which a set of Arabized words (288 words) is implemented in written discourse. The study addresses also the linguistic processes of coining Arabic derived words for the replacement of foreign terms.Employing a corpus-linguistic framework, a written corpus of 1,068,263 words was compiled from three Saudi newspapers-Al-Jazirah, Ar-Riyadh, and A1-Massaiah. Using a Microsoft-Access database developed for the purpose of the study, the corpus was searched for instances of 288 Arabized words. The results show that Arabized words occur with reasonable frequency in written discourse in Saudi Arabia.Two main variables were found to be significant in the frequency of Arabized words: context (i.e. topic), and method of coinage (the method by which a word was coined into Arabic). For example, Arabized words are more frequent in scientific discourse than in religious discourse, and words that are coined by morphological derivation are more frequent than those made by compounding. Original (English) forms of some Arabized words do occur (14.23%). On the planning level, the study provides a critical evaluation of Arabization in Saudi Arabia, and on the technical level, it provides statistically-supported indications of how such variables i.e. method of coinage and context affect the frequency of Arabized words in the actual language use. / Department of English

随着社会的发展，尤其是互联网的发展，很多语言每年都涌现出了不少新词汇。词语是每个语言最基本也是最重要的组成部分，因此分析这些新词汇的结构特点以及构词法是很有意义的。这篇文章分析了2014年出现在中文里的新词汇和它们的构词方式，论文的目的是为了更好地了解中文词汇的发展和特点。本文以《2014汉语新词语》中公布的2014年出现的新词汇作为语料进行分析，发现了以下两个主要特点：第一，合成法，派生法，缩略法是2014年产生的新词汇的主要构词方式；第二， 百分之七十二的新词汇是多音节词（包含三个或者三个以上音节），而百分之八十的是名词。这些特点说明中文词汇现阶段的特点和发展趋势，跟传统的中文词汇有不同之处。 / The aim of this thesis was to investigate how new Chinese words are formed and to examine the linguistic patterns among them. This thesis focused on the analysis of Chinese words formed in 2014. The quantitative data for the analysis included a collection of 423 new Chinese words from the book 2014 汉语新词语 (hànyǔxīn cíyǔ) by Hou and Zhou. Parts of speech and number of syllables in the new words were investigated, although the focus was on word-formation processes. A discussion of derivation, blending, abbreviation, analogy, borrowing, change of meaning, compounding and inventions is also included. The share of each word-formation process used for each of the new words was presented statistically in order to reveal the significance of each word-formation process. The analysis showed that compounding, derivation and abbreviation were the major word-formation processes in 2014. The study also suggests that words formed by derivation and analogy were much more frequent in 2014, in comparison to previous studies. Furthermore, the ways words are formed in Chinese are changing and evolving, as some word-formation processes are becoming more frequently used in the formation of new words.