This thesis examines news articles to see if obesity has been framed as a moral panic by looking at how the coverage understands the causes of obesity and its solutions. A qualitative textual analysis of 100 articles and 28 images from Time and Newsweek was done spanning 1986 to 2012. I found that the obesity "epidemic" was first discussed as problem of individual responsibility and that the best cure was medicine. The narrative shifted to childhood obesity around 2004 and cited parents as the responsible party while suggesting family bonding as a solution to childhood obesity. I find that the media dialogue around obesity points to individuals rather than systemic factors as the cause of obesity and, in so doing, takes the focus off of social and economic inequalities that are also factors in the obesity epidemic.

Teknologin har gjort det lättare att nå ut till länder och regioner över hela världen. Det har resulterat i att media har kunnat lämna det lokala planet och nå ut till en större marknad än någonsin. I den här uppsatsen kommer vi att granska hur mediebolagens produktioner ändras när de når ut till främmande områden för att fungera på den nya marknaden. Uppsatsen tittar också på hur nyhetsbolag bevakar olika händelser beroende på om den utspelar sig på ett lokalt eller globalt plan. Resultatet pekar på att de främsta anpassningarna görs på grund av respekt mot gamla traditioner som religion. Vid nyhetsbevakningen hos mediebolagen är det tydligt att mallar för nyhetsvärdeinger stämmer väl överrens med hur bevakningen görs.

<p>Teknologin har gjort det lättare att nå ut till länder och regioner över hela världen. Det har resulterat i att media har kunnat lämna det lokala planet och nå ut till en större marknad än någonsin. I den här uppsatsen kommer vi att granska hur mediebolagens produktioner ändras när de når ut till främmande områden för att fungera på den nya marknaden.</p><p>Uppsatsen tittar också på hur nyhetsbolag bevakar olika händelser beroende på om den utspelar sig på ett lokalt eller globalt plan.</p><p>Resultatet pekar på att de främsta anpassningarna görs på grund av respekt mot gamla traditioner som religion. Vid nyhetsbevakningen hos mediebolagen är det tydligt att mallar för nyhetsvärdeinger stämmer väl överrens med hur bevakningen görs.</p>

CARDOSO, Maurício Moreira. A responsividade ativa em cartas ao editor em newsweek. 2014. 295f. – Tese (Doutorado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Letras Vernáculas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Linguística, Fortaleza (CE), 2014. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-01-20T15:47:25Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_tese_mmcardoso.pdf: 3012715 bytes, checksum: 5e6f26f48f3568304a8af16dba6a3053 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-01-20T15:48:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_tese_mmcardoso.pdf: 3012715 bytes, checksum: 5e6f26f48f3568304a8af16dba6a3053 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-01-20T15:48:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_tese_mmcardoso.pdf: 3012715 bytes, checksum: 5e6f26f48f3568304a8af16dba6a3053 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / This work of scientific investigation, which is set in the field known as Critical Discourse Analysis, aims at providing evidence of the general proposition that active responding, as defined by Mikhail Bakhtin, implies a scalar property which is due to a bigger or minor commitment of the speaker in generating his/her utterance. The major or minor intensity of the commitment mentioned above can be evaluated for what one calls “degree of active responding/responsibility”. This degree can be placed within the interval that varies from 0 to 9. “9” represents the highest degree of answering/responsibility feasibility, according to the scale referred to. The degree of answering/responsibility can be measured observing the following elements in certain utterances extracted from the corpus analysed: the nature of the letter, ideological position, reference to ideological manipulation, marks of subjectivity, presence of co-speaker, forms of intertextuality. These elements were used in categorizing the corpus of 153 letters taken from Newsweek magazine in the period between August 2011 and February 2012. The categorization was carried out with the use of the software SPSS 7.5 for Windows. In order to accomplish the investigative journey, we relied on Bakhtin (2000), Fairclough (2003), Mainguneau (1997), Thompson (2009), Palmer (1986) and Neves (2007). According to the quantitative and qualitative analysis performed, we came to the conclusion that there is a degree of active responding/responsibility in terms of this scale quoted and the categories presented here. The following categories of analysis have revealed effective influence over the degree of responding/responsibility: the nature of the letter, ideological position, reference to ideological manipulation, marks of subjectivity, presence of co-speaker. The category named forms of intertextuality has revealed a partial influence over the degree of responding/responsibility; and the categories derived from the Theory of Evaluation showed ineffective over the degree of responding/responsibility in terms of this mentioned scale. / Este trabalho de investigação científica, que se insere na área conhecida como Análise Crítica de Discurso, objetiva fornecer evidências para a proposição geral de que a responsividade ativa – conforme conceituada por Mikhail Bakhtin – guarda uma escalaridade que resulta de um maior ou menor engajamento do enunciador em gerar o seu enunciado. A maior ou menor intensidade do referido engajamento pode ser avaliada por um fator que denominado “grau de responsividade/responsabilidade ativa”. Este se situa em um intervalo que varia de 0 a 9. O valor “9” representa o mais alto grau de responsividade/responsabilidade possível, conforme a referida escala. Chega-se ao grau de responsividade/responsabilidade contido em determinado enunciado pertencente ao corpus estudado pela interação dos seguintes elementos: natureza da carta, posição ideológica, referência à manipulação ideológica, marcas de subjetividade, presença do coenunciador, formas de intertextualidade. Estes elementos foram usados na categorização do corpus de 153 cartas colhidas da revista Newsweek no período compreendido entre agosto de 2011 a fevereiro de 2012. A categorização foi executada com o uso do software SPSS 7.5 for Windows. A fim de levar a termo a jornada investigativa que empreendemos, baseamo-nos, centralmente, em Bakhtin (2000), Fairclough (2003), Maingueneau (1997), Thompson (2009), Palmer (1986) e Neves (2007). Pelas análises quantitativa e qualitativa feitas, concluímos que existe um grau de responsividade/responsabilidade ativa nos termos da escala que concebemos e das categorias que apresentamos. As seguintes categorias de análise revelaram efetiva influência sobre o grau de responsividade/responsabilidade: natureza da carta, posição ideológica, referência à manipulação ideológica, marcas de subjetividade e presença do coenunciador. A categoria formas de intertextualidade revelou influência parcial sobre o grau de responsividade/responsabilidade; enquanto que as categorias derivadas da Teoria da Valoração não se revelaram influentes sobre o grau de responsividade/responsabilidade.

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This study was designed to research whether the conditions that give rise to exemplar effects in experimental designs are present in the real world, specifically by conducting a comprehensive content analysis of news articles in weekly U.S. news magazines. Exemplification studies the relationship between examples and the larger population they represent, and how examples effect consumer's perceptions and behaviors (Zillmann & Brosius, 2000). In experimental design several independent variable have been tested and have shown that people's perceptions fall largely in line with the emphasis of the exemplars presented. A stratified random sample of magazines, representative of a whole year, was obtained for TIME and Newsweek. An intercoder reliability test was performed with 11% of the sample. Eighty-seven articles met the coding requirements and generated 873 exemplars. This research developed a significant number of operational definitions and procedures for content analysis of exemplars. A discussion of issues arising in of content analysis that were not manifest in experimental designs is presented such as non-news articles, the presence of bias, and multiple article foci. The concept of primary base rate data, the reasonable reader test, and expanded definitions of visual exemplars are also presented.Several of the conditions that gave rise to exemplification effects in experimental designs were present. Eighty percent of articles had more exemplars than counterexemplars; Sixteen percent of articles contained perceptually enhanced base rate data; Ninety percent of articles contained no ratio data—meaning a judgment of how representative the exemplars were was not possible. The remaining 10% were considered to be non-representative. Some elements considered to give exemplars more influence were not common in weekly U.S. news magazine articles. Direct quotes were used in only 27% of exemplars, with anecdotes comprising 51%. Similarly, the majority of exemplars (52%) came from non-attributed sources or official reports. Vivid emotion was present in only 2% of exemplars. In addition, 31% of articles were judged to be about a single exemplar, with no counterexemplars present. The most common type of image used were innocuous, with threatening images used the least. Fifty-six percent of exemplar sources were not attributed to a gender, 33% of exemplar sources were male and 7% were female. Similarly, 54% of exemplar subjects did not specify a gender, while 25% were about males and 6% were about females.

This dissertation presents three different closely related topics on the value of eco-friendliness in the financial market. The first essay attempts to estimate hedonic stock price model to find a contemporaneous relationship between stock return and firms’ environmental performance and recover the value of investor’s willingness to pay of eco-friendliness. This study follows stock and environmental performances of the 500 largest US firms from 2009 to 2012. The firms’ environmental data come from the Newsweek Green Ranking, both aggregate measures: green ranking (GR) and green score (GS), and disaggregate measures: environmental impact score (EIS), green policy and performance score (GPS), reputation survey score (RSS), and environmental disclosure score (EDS). The results show a non-linear relationship between environmental variables and stock return, i.e. upside down bowl shape or increasing in decreasing rate. That means for low green ranking firms the marginal effect is positive while for high green ranking firms the marginal effect is negative. The investor’s willingness to pay (WTP) for a greener stock for firms in the lowest 25 green ranking, on average, is 0.0096% higher stock price. The second essays attempt to determine if a firm’s environmental performance affects future systematic risk. Systematic risk measures an individual stock’s volatility relative to the market price. This study also uses the Newsweek Green Ranking’s environmental variables. The results show significant evidence of a non-linear relationship between green variables and systematic (market) risk, but the shape is not unanimous for all environmental variables. The shape of the relationship for green ranking (GR), for example, is U-shape. This means that for the firms in the bottom rank, improving rank will lower systematic (market) risk, and for the firms in the top rank improving rank will increase systematic (market) risk. On average the marginal effect for the firms in the bottom and top 25 firms are -0.2% and 0.09% respectively. The third essay is the effect of a firm’s environmental performances on a firm’s idiosyncratic risk. Idiosyncratic risk measures an individual stock’s volatility independent from the market price. This study also uses the Newsweek Green Ranking’s environmental variables. The results show significant non-linear relationships between environmental variables and idiosyncratic risk, even though there is no unanimous shape among the environmental variables. In the case of green ranking, for example, it has U-shape; for the firms in the bottom rank, improving green ranking will lower idiosyncratic risk and for firm in the top green ranking, improving green ranking will increase idiosyncratic risk. On average the marginal effect for firm in bottom and top 25 firms are -0.4% and 0.2% respectively.

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This study is a content analysis of the coverage in Time, Newsweek, and U. S. News & World Report on Spiro Agnew from August 13 to October 22, 1973, and is concerned with the use of leaks as determined by analyzing the levels of attribution and the attitudes of the magazines toward leaks. All three magazines used approximately equivalent amounts of material from concealed sources. Time and Newsweek defended the use of leaks; U. S. News & World Report attacked their use. The perils inherent in using information from concealed sources make it necessary to consult as many sources as feasible when following a controversial story.