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Road traffic injuries (RTI) currently rank as the 11th leading cause of death world wide and the leading cause of injury related deaths worldwide. Globally, road traffic crashes kill over 1.2 million people per year with over 90% of the deaths occurring in low and middle income countries. Pedestrians, cyclists, and motorcyclists, collectively called vulnerable road users, are often times the victims. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify the factors that are associated with traffic fatalities as well as the factors that are associated with being a vulnerable road user in traffic injuries and traffic fatalities in Pasto, Colombia. The results from this study showed that males had increased odds of being involved in a traffic fatality (OR=2.16 95%;CI 1.03-4.53). Rural road users are more likely to be involved in fatal traffic crashes than their urban counterparts (OR=5.92 95%;CI 3.00-11.71) Other groups such as young adults, vulnerable road users, and those not using safety equipment were also more likely to be injured or die in a traffic crash. Interventions specifically targeting these groups are needed.

<p>Agriculture and livestock production were the mainstay of the economies of many sub-Saharan African countries, including of Cameroon, in the 1970s. Things began to change with the discovery of petroleum products and natural minerals, and the push to industrialise. This led to a shift from agricultural production to other more &lsquo / beneficial&rsquo / sectors. In the 1990s there was an &lsquo / imposed&rsquo / liberalisation of the agricultural sector. This liberalisation was marked by a disengagement of most governments in developing countries from assisting agriculture. In Cameroon, disengagement was achieved by the promulgation of law No. 92/006 of 14th August 1992 and its decree of application No. 92/455/PM of 23rd November. This law encouraged the creation of common initiative groups which could independently pool their resources to increase agricultural production. Although there has been a shift to non-agricultural sectors in many sub-Saharan countries, on the whole, however, many rural areas in these nations have remained essentially agro-pastoral. nfortunately some rural areas, like Small Babanki in Cameroon, whose livelihoods are land-based are faced with soil erosion, population pressure and farmer/grazer conflicts which undermine the little economic gains made in these places. Rural-dwellers have resorted to several innovations to circumvent these constraints to agricultural production.</p>

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

It has generally been thought that Hannibal was a hostile individual and despised in Roman society because of his non-Roman status and his apparent tendency to be deceptive, cruel and savage. Yet, our understanding of Hannibal as a character is limited. This thesis attempts to address his characterisation through an examination of his night-time military exploits, and argue that our knowledge of Hannibal can be expanded upon by examining how Livy characterised Hannibal in his account of the Second Punic War. Furthermore, this thesis takes a fresh approach to Hannibal’s characterisation, considering Livy’s use of ‘the night’ in association with military activity, and revealing that Hannibal displayed traits that the Romans themselves valued. Thus, Hannibal’s character is developed through a nocturnal military setting, and he becomes comparable to Rome’s finest generals, including Fabius Maximus, Marcellus and Scipio Africanus. Similarly, it is also shown that he exhibited Roman military virtus in place of the traits traditionally thought to be synonymous with the non-Roman. By analysing the character of Hannibal in this manner, we reveal that in Roman thought he was an ambiguous character, whilst simultaneously highlighting how the Romans both perceived and used the night within the context of the army.

A training unit has been developed that allows NVESD researchers to develop training simulations within virtual environments to enhance infantry skill and awareness. A ground station was developed to house a computer, power system, and video transmission system. This station will allow for a remote operator to wirelessly send a video/audio stream to the handset. The ground station also allows the use of external video and audio inputs to be sent using onboard converters. Different wireless frequencies were evaluated to determine the best for long-range transmission of content. A handset was developed from a carbon fiber prototype shell. The handset features a video receiver, display, power system, OSD system, and external video inputs. The user can view transmitted video and audio while obtaining real-time GPS feedback from the OSD. The alternate video input allows the handset to be used within the virtual environments developed at the University of Kentucky’s Center for Visualization for virtual environments. This thesis will present the research conducted in order to develop Mark VIIE training unit including the requirements for the project, the desired functionality, the NVESD provided equipment, the analysis of the prospective components, the design of custom fabricated parts, and the assembly and integration of the components into a complete system.

The study is experimentally inclined, with a high target precision for performance measurement. A comprehensive programme of measurements was carried out in a two-storey building, having a massive structure and dating from 1970. Measurements were made continuously during the heating season from a total of about 70 points. Readings were taken every 30 seconds, and the mean values stored in a computer every 15 minutes. Analysis of the results have been concentrated on: * Thermal inertia, and particularly that of cooling mechanisms. * Time delays in heat flows through the building envelope in response to variations in ambient temperature. * The amount of solar input beneficially retained when operating with night setback and with normal operation. The results indicate that the building has both a long time constant, of about 200 h, and a short one, of about 1.5 h. The magnitude of the shorter time constant depends on the thermal capacity of the interior of the building (furniture, curtains etc.), and can be regarded as having some validity for other apartment building stock. Analyses of temperature gradients in the internal surfaces of the exterior walls indicate that the building's ventilation system, which was originally constructed as an exhaust air ventilation system, but with the inflow of fresh air blocked off, generates a dynamic insulation effect. Calculations indicate that this effect can provide a saving of 6 % of the total heating requirement, excluding that for domestic hot water. Investigation of the static heat requirement with and without night set-back indicate a considerable potential annual saving of heating energy, amounting to a maximum of 13 %, provided that the building is heated in accordance with a prescribed strategy. A 'comfort indoor temperature' has also been determined, being the temperature above which the occupants of the building consume excessive heating energy. Theoretical models have been derived to illustrate the short time constant and to analyse the dynamic insulation effect noted. / <p>Diss. Umeå : Umeå universitet, 1987</p> / digitalisering@umu

The purpose of the study was to examine the musical methods used by Stephen Sondheim to create a sense of internal unity in scores that, because of the nature of musical theater, required diverse styles of composition and often involved extended periods of time between the occurrence of musical selections. This dissertation topic was chosen in an attempt to provide evidence of the utter sophistication with which Sondheim pursues his craft.The perspective taken was that of a conductor analyzing the scores as if in preparation for rehearsing the cast of a production. The assumption was that a more convincing performance would result from the performers' awareness of the devices used to achieve continuity from selection to selection.Findings1. In both scores, Sondheim employs ostinato, counterpoint, syncopation, and hemiola as primary rhythmic material.2. In both scores, Sondheim presents his primary motives at the beginning of the score and uses them exclusively to generate all melodic material in the work.3. Sondheim is consistent in his harmonic language, revealing a decided preference for extended diatonic and chromatically-altered chords. He uses simple, "pure" triadic harmony on relatively few occasions. He often uses his dense harmoric structures to reflect the tension inherent in the dramatic situation.

Dirbantieji naktinį darbą pirmiausia susiduria su šoko sukėlimu organizmui. Kadangi kūnas yra įpratęs „gyventi“ pagal tam tikrą ritmą, kitaip vadinamą cirkadiniu ritmu, nuolatiniai ar dažnai pasikartojantys nukrypimai nuo jo gali sukelti sveikatos sutrikimų, kurie ilgainiui gali pereiti į rimtas ligas ar sutrikimus. Darbo tikslas ir yra ištirti ir įvertinti slaugytojų sveikatos problemų sąsajas su naktiniu darbu. Baigiamajame magistro darbe atliekamas sveikatos nusiskundimų palyginimas tarp slaugytojų dirbančiųjų naktinį darbą ir nedirbančiųjų naktinio darbo. Gauti rezultatai parodo reikšmingus skirtumus tarp šių grupių subjektyvaus savo sveikatos bei psichologinės sveikatos vertinimų. Naktinį darbą dirbančioms slaugytojoms padidėja rizika susirgti tam tikromis ligomis. / Night workers first encounters with a shock inducing body. Since the body is accustomed to live according to a certain rhythm, known as the circadian rhythm, persistent or frequently recurring deviations from it can cause health problems, which may eventually move on to serious diseases or disorders. The aim is to explore and evaluate nursing and health issues with night work. The master thesis is performed in health complaints comparison between nurses who works at night and and the ones who doesn't work at night. The obtained results show significant differences between the groups in their subjective health and psychological health assessments. Nurses working night work has increased risk of developing certain diseases.

The aim of this essay is to learn how I as a teacher can work with reading in different ways to promote learning for students in upper secondary school. This is discussed with examples from Mark Haddon's The Curious Incident of the Dog in the Night-time and Randa Abdel-Fattah's Does My Head Look Big In This?. In this study, I found out that there are many factors that contribute to students' attitude towards reading and that affect their experience of a text. These factors consist of five emotions that affect reader response: assimilation, accommodation, sympathy, memories and identification, as well as four categorizing factors: age, gender, ethnicity and class.  Knowing these factors, we teachers have the tools to turn students' resistance to reading into something positive, and by doing this, we open up a myriad of learning opportunities through reading.