There has been an explosion of network data in the physical, chemical, biological, computational, and social sciences in the last few decades. Node embeddings, i.e., Euclidean-space representations of nodes in a network, make it possible to apply to network data, tools and algorithms from multivariate statistics and machine learning that were developed for Euclidean-space data. Random walk node embeddings are a class of recently developed node embedding techniques where the vector representations are learned by optimizing objective functions involving skip-bigram statistics computed from random walks on the network. They have been applied to many supervised learning problems such as link prediction and node classification and have demonstrated state-of-the-art performance. Yet, their properties remain poorly understood. This dissertation studies random walk based node embeddings in an unsupervised setting within the context of capturing hidden block structure in the network, i.e., learning node representations that reflect their patterns of adjacencies to other nodes. This doctoral research (i) Develops VEC, a random walk based unsupervised node embedding algorithm, and a series of relaxations, and experimentally validates their performance for the community detection problem under the Stochastic Block Model (SBM). (ii) Characterizes the ergodic limits of the embedding objectives to create non-randomized versions. (iii) Analyzes the embeddings for expected SBM networks and establishes certain concentration properties of the limiting ergodic objective in the large network asymptotic regime. Comprehensive experimental results on real world and SBM random networks are presented to illustrate and compare the distributional and block-structure properties of node embeddings generated by VEC and related algorithms. As a step towards theoretical understanding, it is proved that for the variants of VEC with ergodic limits and convex relaxations, the embedding Grammian of the expected network of a two-community SBM has rank at most 2. Further experiments reveal that these extensions yield embeddings whose distribution is Gaussian-like, centered at the node embeddings of the expected network within each community, and concentrate in the linear degree-scaling regime as the number of nodes increases. / 2023-09-24T00:00:00Z

Context: Node.js is an established web framework built using JavaScript. As a result, there are a wide variety of frameworks that have emerged that specialize in different quality attributes and functionalities. Some of which are heavily geared to performance and benchmarking while others might focus on security, availability, robustness, etc. Objectives: The project aims to explore different Node.js server-side frameworks and determine their maintainability using metrics such as Halstead metrics, Maintainability index, source line of code as well as Logical source lines of code. This thesis also explores if there is a correlation between the quality attributes maintainability and performance. Realization: In order to explore the different quality attributes, the thesis relied upon experiments and a literature review. The hierarchical method in this thesis was first to examine their performance, later examine their overall maintainability. Examined is also the impact of comments and how they can affect the results of the maintainability index Results: The results indicate all the selected frameworks have a low-to borderline medium cyclomatic complexity, also a high degree of maintainability using two different 3 metric maintainability index formulas. The latency tests indicate the different frameworks produce similar performance results. Conclusion: Concluded in this thesis is, there seems to be no relationship between both lines of code, logical lines of code, and cyclomatic complexity. There also seems to be no correlation between Halstead volume and the overall maintainability index for both the 3 metric formulas used. There is a slight indication of a relationship between Halstead Effort and Cyclomatic Complexity using one of the 3 metric formulas i.e., as the cyclomatic complexity decreases the overall maintainability (using Halsted’s effort instead of Halstead’s volume) increases.

Introduction: Sentinel lymph node biopsy is an established method used to investigate the riskof lymphatic metastasis especially in breast cancer and melanoma patients. SPECT/ CT isconsidered to be an advantageous method in mapping of sentinel nodes. Aim: The aim of this systematic literature review was to investigate the clinical value ofSPECT/ CT in the detection of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer patients. Method: Using specific search terms the database PubMed was used to find studies of potentialrelevance for this systematic review. Criteria for inclusions and exclusion were decided todetermine article relevance. Eligibility of articles was determined according to these criteriawhich lead to the selection of the specific articles included in this study. Results: Eleven studies were included in this systematic review. Seven out of 8 studies foundhigher identification rates of sentinel lymph nodes with SPECT/ CT in comparison to planarlymphoscintigraphy. SPECT/ CT could detect additional lymph nodes in 9 out of 9 studies.SPECT/ CT detected additional extra-axillary lymph nodes in 6 out of 7 studies. SPECT/ CTdetected lymph nodes in 9 out of 9 studies where planar lymphoscintigraphy was negative.Information from additional SPECT/ CT lead to changes in surgical treatment plan in 4 out of4 studies. None of the included studies contained information about change in oncologicaltreatment plan due to findings on SPECT/ CT. Conclusion: SPECT/ CT is an imaging technique with much potential as it seems to allow amore accurate SLN mapping and more precise anatomical localization of SLN in breast cancerpatients, specifically in certain clinical situations. Despite this however, the impact of SLNmapping through SPECT/ CT on patient prognosis remains uncertain.

The expansive nature of water distribution system makes them susceptible to threats such as natural disasters and man-made destructions. Vulnerability assessment research efforts have increased since the passing of “Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act” in 2002 to harden WDS. This study aimed to develop a method that locates critical nodes without hydraulic analysis of every failure scenario, applicable for any size WDS, incorporates critical infrastructure, and capable of verifying method accuracy. The Flow Distribution method is the application of the gravity model, typically used to predict traffic flows in transportation engineering, to a distribution system. Flow distribution predicts the amount of demand and population that would be affected if any node in the system were disabled by solving for the distribution of each node’s outflow. Flow Distribution is applied to the hypothetical city, Anytown, USA using the computer simulation program WaterCAD to model two different disaster scenarios. Results were verified by analyzing sixteen failure scenarios (one for each node) to measure the actual demand and population effect, which was then compared to the nodes predicted by Flow Distribution. Flow Distribution predicted the critical nodes with 70% accuracy and can still be improved with future work.

This master thesis deals with self organized Mesh network. It describes routing and particular routing protocols, which are used in these networks. The thesis deals with Mesh network QoS assurance. Analysis and theoretical background of Mesh networks, routing and router protocols are included in the first chapter. Basic models of assuring Quality of Service are also described. Those are Best Effort, IntServ and DiffServ. Second chapter describes the devices used in the specific Mesh network topology - Trospos 5210 MetroMesh router produced by Motorola Canopy. Basic settings and properties required to establish a Mesh network are described. Next part of the thesis is the design implementation, which involves creation and configuration of the Mesh Network. Network configuration consisting of two Gateway points and afterwards behaviors of the network in a steady state versus one gate failure are compared. Furthermore, implementation of QoS according to components that support two types of QoS assurance regarding type of bandwidth reservation and defined traffic classes. In conclusion, the thesis describes measurement methods of QoS parameters for chosen applications, evaluation and comparison of measurement results for both types of Quality of Service assurance.

This diploma thesis is focused on research of localization algorithms. Each developed localization algorithms are generally application specific. Because of application requirements diversity, many variants of localization algorithms exist. In case of finding appropriate localization algorithm for concrete application usability, existence of real condition simulation environment is useful. Development of this simulation environment was made simultaneously with both localization algorithms. At first, survey of available localization technic was performed and their summary was listed. Further work was aimed on research of two localization algorithms. Both of them use triangulation mechanism to determine unknown node position. This mechanism is based on measurement of distance to three reference points with known position. It would seem that both algorithms are similar, but simulation shows their difference and presents their suitability for diverse conditions.

The diploma thesis is focused on two localization algorithms, iterative algorithm, and a linked algorithm simulated in MATLAB. Further, the investigation of the influence of input errors on the errors in localization of sensor nodes examined algorithms and explore possible relationships between the input errors and localization errors. Subsequently are submitted possible ways to optimize and their results.

This work is aimed to design power supply for nodes of wireless sensors networks using solar energy in indoor spaces. The proposal is made for the particular layout, but the process described can be applied generally. The result is the proposed involvement of the operating power circuit for node of wireless sensor network used indoors.

This master's thesis is based on automated web applications testing with freeware instrument utilization developed under Google code project. It is called Selenium webdriver and become very popular during last years. Selenium webdriver is frequently used for web pages automation. Indisputable advantages of this solution are low entry cost, selenium is broadly used and also live community around that instrument with many useful informations. Main goal of this thesis is creation of automation framework created by Java programming language. This final framework will integrate Selenium webdriver and guarantee easy creation of testing scenarios. Because of this goal is placed mainly on separation of web page programmatic description and description of testing scenario.

Einteilung:Das Lungenkarzinom ist eine der häufigsten Krebstodesursachen der Welt. Die chirurgische Therapie mit onkologischer Resektion des Tumors bietet bessere Chancen für einen dauerhaften Therapieerfolg. Die Bedeutung der systematischen Lymphadenektomie im Sinne eines akkuraten Stagings und einer besseren Lokalkontrolle des Tumors ist unumstritten. In der Literatur wurden verschiedene LK-Befallsmuster bei den operierten NSCLC anhand verschiedener histomorphologischer Parameter beschrieben, um letztendlich eine passende Technik der Lymphadenektomie zu entwickeln. Patienten und Methoden: In unserer retrospektiven Studie wurde ein Kollektiv von 111 Patienten mit operierten nicht kleinzelligen Lungenkarzinome zwischen 2008 und 2013 untersucht. Das LK-Metastasierungsmuster wurde anhand verschiedener histomorphologischer Parameter untersucht. Ergebnisse: Eine zentrale Tumorlage, L1-Kategorie, sowie die zunehmende Tumorgröße zeigten eine signifikante Neigung zur LK-Metastasierung. Anhand der Tumorlokalisation im Lungenlappen ließ sich jedoch kein bestimmtes LK- Befallmuster sichern. Schlussfolgerung: Diese Daten unterstützen die Angaben der Literatur, in der eine systematische Lymphadenektomie unabhängig von den anderen Parametern weiter gefordert wird, um ein akkurates Staging zur erreichen und so eine optimale Therapie durchzuführen.fi