The thesis evaluates the results of experimental protocol involving the fertility sparing treatment procedure in early stage cervical carcinoma (LAP I protocol). Sentinel lymph node detection and experimental extirpation of afferent channels using laparoscopy and its technical aspects were analysed in prospective group of 85 women. The oncologic results and early/late morbidity show that established surgical procedures can be considered safe with minimal morbidity, provided that the indication criteria are met. The second part analyses the results of 148 women with no further pregnancy plans suffering from cervical tumors less than 2 cm in size with invasion less than half of the stroma (LAP II protocol). The oncological results in our defined group are very good and comparable to 'standard' procedure of modified radical hysterectomy type B or C with lower morbidity. In the separate section the thesis analyses the possibilities of laparoscopy in endometrial cancer treatment including the potentials of use of sentinel lymph node detection and technical aspects of laparoscopy in obese women. Currently the biggest controversy is the use of laparoscopy in malignant ovarian tumors. Our oncogynaecological study group at FN Motol prefers the laparotomic approach and we chose to include the set of advanced...

The towed streamer controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM) system collects data faster than the conventional static node-based CSEM system. However, the towed streamer CSEM is typically much noisier than the conventional static node-based CSEM. Identifying and quantifying various sources of noise is important for the development of future robust electromagnetic streamer system. This is the problem I address in this thesis. I achieve this in three parts. First, I examine the idea that the towed streamer suffers from noise induced by its motion through the Earth’s magnetic field according to Faraday’s law of induction. I derive expressions for the motionally-induced noise for the cases of a horizontal streamer parallel to the acquisition vessel’s path and a curved streamer caused by a constant cross-current. These expressions demonstrate that the motionally-induced noise is sensitive to the magnitude of the feather angle at the head and at the tail of the streamer, and to the vertical and lateral motion of the streamer. The key finding is that no motionally-induced noise is generated when the streamer is horizontal and moving in a constant magnetic field. By contrast, when the streamer shape is curved because of cross-currents, motionally-induced noise is generated if the velocity of the streamer varies over time. Second, I analyse and compare the noise recorded using the first generation of towed streamer with the noise recorded using a static ocean bottom cable (OBC) CSEM. I find out that within the frequency range of interest, 0.01–1 Hz the towed streamer noise is 20 dB greater (factor of 10) than the noise recorded with the OBC CSEM. I show also that the motion of the telluric cable between the pair of electrodes in the towed streamer is responsible for this difference in amplitude between the two systems. In the frequency ranges, 0.03–0.1 Hz and 0.03–0.2 Hz, the motionally-induced noise is shown to be uncorrelated across all channels. However, within the frequency band 0.1–0.3 Hz, the motionally-induced noise correlation gradually increases and becomes well correlated at about 0.2 Hz. This correlated noise could be caused by ocean swell from surface waves, water flowing around the streamer or cross-currents. Finally, to identify and quantify the contribution of several distinct sources of noise, and to describe the mechanisms generating each source of noise, I co-designed a prototype towed streamer CSEM. I carried out an experiment with the prototype streamer suspended 1 m below the water surface in the controlled environment of the Edinburgh wave tank located in King’s building campus (the University of Edinburgh). I then subjected the streamer to flow running at velocities of 0–1ms−1 along its length and to waves propagating in the same direction, at 45°, and perpendicular relative to the streamer direction.

Visualizações de grafos para comunicação aparecem numa variedade de contextos que vão do acadêmico-científico até o jornalístico e até mesmo artístico. Diferente de visualizações de grafos para exploração e análise de dados, essas imagens são usadas para “contar uma história” que já se conhece ao invés da “procura de uma nova história” nos dados. Apesar de ser possível usar software para desenho de grafos e edição de diagramas para produzí-las, visualizações feitas dessa forma nem sempre preenchem os requisitos visuais impostos pelos seus contextos de uso. Programas de edição de imagens podem ser usados para fazer as melhorias necessárias, mas nem todas as modificações são possíveis e o processo de editar essas imagens pode exigir muito tempo e esforço. Neste trabalho, apresentamos uma investigação de visualizações nodo-aresta estáticas para comunicação e de como facilitar sua criação. A partir de uma desconstrução dessas imagens, identificando seus elementos essenciais, e analisando como são criadas, derivamos um conjunto de requisitos que ferramentas para a criação dessas visualizações devem preencher. Para verificar o efeito da metodologia na melhora do fluxo de trabalho de designers, com mais poder e flexibilidade, foi concebido e implementado um protótipo chamado GraphCoiffure. Com um foco especial em auxiliar usuários na criação de visualizações para publicação, Graph- Coiffure foi projetado como uma aplicação standalone que seria usada como um passo intermediário entre programas de desenho e edição de grafos e editores gráficos. Ele combina ferramentas para manipulação interativa de layouts com estilização similar a CSS para permitir que usuários criem e editem visualizações nodo-aresta estáticas. Ilustramos o funcionamento de GraphCoiffure com quatro casos de uso: a adaptação do layout de uma visualização para fazê-la funcionar em uma dada página, a reprodução do estilo de uma visualização e sua aplicação em outro grafo, e a criação integral de duas novas visualizações. Para obter feedback sobre GraphCoiffure, conduzimos uma avaliação informal através de entrevistas com três potenciais usuários, que disseram achar que GraphCoiffure beneficiaria seu trabalho. / Graph visualizations for communication appear in a variety of contexts that range from scientific/ academic to journalistic and even artistic. Unlike graph visualizations for exploration and analysis, these images are used to tell a story that is already known rather than to look for a story within the data. Although graph drawing and diagram editing software can be used to produce them, visualizations made this way do not always meet the visual requirements imposed by their context of use. Graphics authoring software can be used to make the necessary improvements, but not all modifications are possible and the process of editing these images may be very time-consuming and labor-intensive. In this work, we present an investigation of static node-link visualizations for communication and how to better support their creation. We began with a deconstruction of these images, breaking them down into their basic elements and analyzing how they are created. From this, we derived a set of requirements that tools aimed at supporting their creation should meet. To verify if taking all of this into account would improve the workflow and bring more flexibility and power to the users, we created our own prototype, which we named GraphCoiffure. With a special emphasis on helping users on creating visualizations for publication, GraphCoiffure was designed as a standalone application that would serve as an intermediary step between graph drawing and editing software and graphics editors. It combines interactive graph layout manipulation tools with CSS-like styling possibilities to let users create and edit static node-link visualizations for communication. We illustrate the use of GraphCoiffure with four use-case scenarios: the adaptation of a visualization’s layout to make it work on a given page, the reproduction of a visualization’s style and its application on another graph, and the creation of two visualizations from scratch. To obtain feedback on GraphCoiffure, we conducted an informal evaluation by interviewing three potential expert users, who found that it could be useful for their work.

Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome or Kawasaki syndrome is very severe disease.The most common symptom includes a high fever which is probably due to inflammation of blood vessels so-called vasculitis. . Several months old babies to preschool children are the most often affected group of patients. Specific and typical symptoms of Kawasaki disease include long term fever, conjunctivitis, erythema, lymphadenopathy, mucosal changes as red swollen lips and strawberry tongue and multiple rashes.Qualitative and quantitative research was applied in the diploma thesis "Kawasaki disease in the contemporary society through nurse´s eyes". Three basic objectives and three research questions were established in this diploma thesis.

Mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome or Kawasaki syndrome is very severe disease. The most common symptom includes a high fever which is probably due to inflammation of blood vessels so-called vasculitis. The characteristic statement is that the etiology of disease remains unknown and the origin is not clarified. Several months old babies to preschool children are the most often affected group of patients. It is relatively rare, modern and mystery disease in contemporary and industrial developed society. The first appearance of this disorder is in 20th century. The disorder was first described by well-known Tokyo origin pediatrician Tomisaku Kawasaki in Japan, who studied this disease very thoroughly. This rare disease is considered autoimmune in origin triggering by an infectious agent especially in those who are genetically predisposed. Specific and typical symptoms of Kawasaki disease include long term fever, conjunctivitis, erythema,lymphadenopathy, mucosal changes as red swollen lips and strawberry tongue and multiple rashes. Related cardiovascular complications should be pointed out especially coronary or other major arteries aneurysms and their ruptures, pericardial effusion, heart inflammations, coronary thrombosis, pericardial exudates, arrhythmias, or mitral valve disease. There is no specific test for identification of Kawasaki disease despite the contemporary technological and diagnostic options. So, the easiest way to establish diagnosis is to recognize typical symptoms, blood/urine/spinal fluid testing and then performing X-ray, electrocardiogram and echocardiogram. This disease has very low mortality, the short-term prognosis is excellent and relapse of symptoms is rare. In total, 337 children were diagnosed with Kawasaki disease and admitted to hospital during the evaluation period (2007-2015) in the Czech Republic. This is significantly lower incidence comparing to the other countries in the world. Diploma thesis "Kawasaki syndrome in contemporary society from a nurse´s point of view" was designed as theoretical with a supplement of short case study. The goal of presence of this case study is to better comprehend presented topic. The scope of problem is described from theoretical point of view in partial chapters of this diploma thesis. All the information mentioned in this thesis quotes verified sources, publications written by the Czech and foreign specialists in this particular field. The goal of the thesis was to describe, based on available literature, the issue of Kawasaki disease in children focused on specifics of nursing. All the information was searched in bibliographical issued writings, in databases, or on the Internet. Based on the goal determined in advance, scientific methods such as explanation, analysis, synthesis and demonstration of data were chosen for composing this diploma thesis. The output of theoretical work is to present complex view on the issue of Kawasaki syndrome particularly for non-medical professionals. It came out that the profession of nurse has its own irreplaceable place in the context of Kawasaki disease. As well as competences of nurse are essential. These competences are provided for improving quality of life of children with this unfamiliar and life-threatening disease.

abstract: The space environment comprises cosmic ray particles, heavy ions and high energy electrons and protons. Microelectronic circuits used in space applications such as satellites and space stations are prone to upsets induced by these particles. With transistor dimensions shrinking due to continued scaling, terrestrial integrated circuits are also increasingly susceptible to radiation upsets. Hence radiation hardening is a requirement for microelectronic circuits used in both space and terrestrial applications. This work begins by exploring the different radiation hardened flip-flops that have been proposed in the literature and classifies them based on the different hardening techniques. A reduced power delay element for the temporal hardening of sequential digital circuits is presented. The delay element single event transient tolerance is demonstrated by simulations using it in a radiation hardened by design master slave flip-flop (FF). Using the proposed delay element saves up to 25% total FF power at 50% activity factor. The delay element is used in the implementation of an 8-bit, 8051 designed in the TSMC 130 nm bulk CMOS. A single impinging ionizing radiation particle is increasingly likely to upset multiple circuit nodes and produce logic transients that contribute to the soft error rate in most modern scaled process technologies. The design of flip-flops is made more difficult with increasing multi-node charge collection, which requires that charge storage and other sensitive nodes be separated so that one impinging radiation particle does not affect redundant nodes simultaneously. We describe a correct-by-construction design methodology to determine a-priori which hardened FF nodes must be separated, as well as a general interleaving scheme to achieve this separation. We apply the methodology to radiation hardened flip-flops and demonstrate optimal circuit physical organization for protection against multi-node charge collection. Finally, the methodology is utilized to provide critical node separation for a new hardened flip-flop design that reduces the power and area by 31% and 35% respectively compared to a temporal FF with similar hardness. The hardness is verified and compared to other published designs via the proposed systematic simulation approach that comprehends multiple node charge collection and tests resiliency to upsets at all internal and input nodes. Comparison of the hardness, as measured by estimated upset cross-section, is made to other published designs. Additionally, the importance of specific circuit design aspects to achieving hardness is shown. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Electrical Engineering 2015

abstract: The holomorphic embedding method (HEM) applied to the power-flow problem (HEPF) has been used in the past to obtain the voltages and flows for power systems. The incentives for using this method over the traditional Newton-Raphson based nu-merical methods lie in the claim that the method is theoretically guaranteed to converge to the operable solution, if one exists. In this report, HEPF will be used for two power system analysis purposes: a. Estimating the saddle-node bifurcation point (SNBP) of a system b. Developing reduced-order network equivalents for distribution systems. Typically, the continuation power flow (CPF) is used to estimate the SNBP of a system, which involves solving multiple power-flow problems. One of the advantages of HEPF is that the solution is obtained as an analytical expression of the embedding parameter, and using this property, three of the proposed HEPF-based methods can es-timate the SNBP of a given power system without solving multiple power-flow prob-lems (if generator VAr limits are ignored). If VAr limits are considered, the mathemat-ical representation of the power-flow problem changes and thus an iterative process would have to be performed in order to estimate the SNBP of the system. This would typically still require fewer power-flow problems to be solved than CPF in order to estimate the SNBP. Another proposed application is to develop reduced order network equivalents for radial distribution networks that retain the nonlinearities of the eliminated portion of the network and hence remain more accurate than traditional Ward-type reductions (which linearize about the given operating point) when the operating condition changes. Different ways of accelerating the convergence of the power series obtained as a part of HEPF, are explored and it is shown that the eta method is the most efficient of all methods tested. The local-measurement-based methods of estimating the SNBP are studied. Non-linear Thévenin-like networks as well as multi-bus networks are built using model data to estimate the SNBP and it is shown that the structure of these networks can be made arbitrary by appropriately modifying the nonlinear current injections, which can sim-plify the process of building such networks from measurements. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Electrical Engineering 2017

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:56:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RafaelleACF_DISSERT.pdf: 3862937 bytes, checksum: 6acc4a4b451409b32a954e89796aec73 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-20 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Traditional irrigation projects do not locally determine the water availability in the soil. Then, irregular irrigation cycles may occur: some with insufficient amount that leads to water deficit, other with excessive watering that causes lack of oxygen in plants. Due to the nonlinear nature of this problem and the multivariable context of irrigation processes, fuzzy logic is suggested to replace commercial ON-OFF irrigation system with predefined timing. Other limitation of commercial solutions is that irrigation processes either consider the different watering needs throughout plant growth cycles or the climate changes. In order to fulfill location based agricultural needs, it is indicated to monitor environmental data using wireless sensors connected to an intelligent control system. This is more evident in applications as precision agriculture. This work presents the theoretical and experimental development of a fuzzy system to implement a spatially differentiated control of an irrigation system, based on soil moisture measurement with wireless sensor nodes. The control system architecture is modular: a fuzzy supervisor determines the soil moisture set point of each sensor node area (according to the soil-plant set) and another fuzzy system, embedded in the sensor node, does the local control and actuates in the irrigation system. The fuzzy control system was simulated with SIMULINK? programming tool and was experimentally built embedded in mobile device SunSPOTTM operating in ZigBee. Controller models were designed and evaluated in different combinations of input variables and inference rules base / Projetos de irriga??o tradicionais n?o determinam localmente a disponibilidade de ?gua no solo. Assim, podem ocorrer ciclos irregulares de irriga??o: alguns insuficientes, o que provoca d?ficit de ?gua; outros em demasia, o que causa falta de oxigena??o nas plantas. Devido ? natureza n?o-linear do problema e do ambiente multivari?vel de processos de irriga??o, a l?gica fuzzy ? sugerida como substituta aos sistemas comerciais de irriga??o tipo ON-OFF com temporiza??o pr?-definida. Outra limita??o das solu??es comerciais ? que os processos de irriga??o n?o atendem ?s diferentes necessidades h?dricas dos ciclos de crescimento das culturas nem ?s mudan?as nas vari?veis clim?ticas. Dessa maneira, para atender necessidades agr?colas baseadas em localiza??o, ? indicado monitorar dados ambientais usando sensores sem fio, interligados a um sistema de controle inteligente. Isso ? mais evidente em aplica??es de agricultura de precis?o. Este trabalho apresenta o desenvolvimento te?rico e experimental de um sistema de controle fuzzy espacialmente diferenciado para um sistema de irriga??o, baseado no sensoriamento da umidade do solo com n?s sensores sem fio. A arquitetura do sistema de controle ? modular: um sistema supervis?rio fuzzy determina o set point de umidade do solo da regi?o de atua??o do n? sensor (de acordo com o conjunto solo-plantaclima) e outro fuzzy, embarcado no n? sensor, faz o controle local e atua no sistema de irriga??o. O sistema de controle fuzzy foi simulado com a ferramenta de programa??o SIMULINK? e foi constru?do experimentalmente como sistema embarcado em um dispositivo m?vel SunSPOTTM operando com ZigBee. Modelos de controladores foram desenvolvidos e avaliados em diferentes combina??es de vari?veis de entrada e base de regras de infer?ncia

Visualizações de grafos para comunicação aparecem numa variedade de contextos que vão do acadêmico-científico até o jornalístico e até mesmo artístico. Diferente de visualizações de grafos para exploração e análise de dados, essas imagens são usadas para “contar uma história” que já se conhece ao invés da “procura de uma nova história” nos dados. Apesar de ser possível usar software para desenho de grafos e edição de diagramas para produzí-las, visualizações feitas dessa forma nem sempre preenchem os requisitos visuais impostos pelos seus contextos de uso. Programas de edição de imagens podem ser usados para fazer as melhorias necessárias, mas nem todas as modificações são possíveis e o processo de editar essas imagens pode exigir muito tempo e esforço. Neste trabalho, apresentamos uma investigação de visualizações nodo-aresta estáticas para comunicação e de como facilitar sua criação. A partir de uma desconstrução dessas imagens, identificando seus elementos essenciais, e analisando como são criadas, derivamos um conjunto de requisitos que ferramentas para a criação dessas visualizações devem preencher. Para verificar o efeito da metodologia na melhora do fluxo de trabalho de designers, com mais poder e flexibilidade, foi concebido e implementado um protótipo chamado GraphCoiffure. Com um foco especial em auxiliar usuários na criação de visualizações para publicação, Graph- Coiffure foi projetado como uma aplicação standalone que seria usada como um passo intermediário entre programas de desenho e edição de grafos e editores gráficos. Ele combina ferramentas para manipulação interativa de layouts com estilização similar a CSS para permitir que usuários criem e editem visualizações nodo-aresta estáticas. Ilustramos o funcionamento de GraphCoiffure com quatro casos de uso: a adaptação do layout de uma visualização para fazê-la funcionar em uma dada página, a reprodução do estilo de uma visualização e sua aplicação em outro grafo, e a criação integral de duas novas visualizações. Para obter feedback sobre GraphCoiffure, conduzimos uma avaliação informal através de entrevistas com três potenciais usuários, que disseram achar que GraphCoiffure beneficiaria seu trabalho. / Graph visualizations for communication appear in a variety of contexts that range from scientific/ academic to journalistic and even artistic. Unlike graph visualizations for exploration and analysis, these images are used to tell a story that is already known rather than to look for a story within the data. Although graph drawing and diagram editing software can be used to produce them, visualizations made this way do not always meet the visual requirements imposed by their context of use. Graphics authoring software can be used to make the necessary improvements, but not all modifications are possible and the process of editing these images may be very time-consuming and labor-intensive. In this work, we present an investigation of static node-link visualizations for communication and how to better support their creation. We began with a deconstruction of these images, breaking them down into their basic elements and analyzing how they are created. From this, we derived a set of requirements that tools aimed at supporting their creation should meet. To verify if taking all of this into account would improve the workflow and bring more flexibility and power to the users, we created our own prototype, which we named GraphCoiffure. With a special emphasis on helping users on creating visualizations for publication, GraphCoiffure was designed as a standalone application that would serve as an intermediary step between graph drawing and editing software and graphics editors. It combines interactive graph layout manipulation tools with CSS-like styling possibilities to let users create and edit static node-link visualizations for communication. We illustrate the use of GraphCoiffure with four use-case scenarios: the adaptation of a visualization’s layout to make it work on a given page, the reproduction of a visualization’s style and its application on another graph, and the creation of two visualizations from scratch. To obtain feedback on GraphCoiffure, we conducted an informal evaluation by interviewing three potential expert users, who found that it could be useful for their work.

In this project, a number of different clustering algorithms are described and their workings explained. They are compared to each other by implementing them on number of graphs with a known architecture. These clustering algorithm, in the order they are implemented, are as follows: Nearest neighbour hillclimbing, Nearest neighbour big step hillclimbing, Best neighbour hillclimbing, Best neighbour big step hillclimbing, Gem 3D, K-means simple, K-means Gem 3D, One cluster and One cluster per node. The graphs are Unconnected, Directed KX, Directed Cycle KX and Directed Cycle. The results of these clusterings are compared with each other according to three criteria: Time, Quality and Extremity of nodes distribution. This enables us to find out which algorithm is most suitable for which graph. These artificial graphs are then compared with the reference architecture graph to reach the conclusions.