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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
381

O problema de alocação de berços : aspectos teóricos e computacionais / The berth allocation problem : theoretical and computational aspects

Barbosa, Flávia, 1989- 24 August 2018 (has links)
Orientadores: Antônio Carlos Moretti, Luiz Leduíno de Salles Neto / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T09:32:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Barbosa_Flavia_M.pdf: 1252901 bytes, checksum: de4922d29a8982eb9c6ffc2cb33004f3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: O comércio internacional é profundamente dependente do transporte marítimo e por isso, os portos tem sido forçados a investir em infra-estrutura e logística. Nesse contexto, o presente trabalho aborda o Problema de Alocação de Berços: como alocar navios a berços em um dado horizonte de planejamento de modo a minimizar os custos operacionais. No Brasil, a companhia Vale é responsável pela exportação da matéria-prima minério de ferro utilizado na fabricação do aço. Assim, será proposto métodos que otimizem suas operações portuárias, mais especificamente para o Terminal de Praia Mole no Porto de Tubarão. Para tanto, dois modelos matemáticos e duas heurísticas serão implementadas. Os modelos, adaptados de casos existentes na literatura, são executados com o CPLEX e os resultados obtidos são comparados para que a melhor opção seja encontrada / Abstract: The international trading is highly subordinate on maritime transport and therefore, the ports have been forced to invest in groundwork and logistics. In this context, this work addresses the Berth Allocation Problem: how to allocate ships to berths in a given planning horizon so that the operational costs are minimized. In Brasil, the Vale company é responsible for the export of raw iron ore used in steel manufacuring. Thus, it will be proposed methods to optimize their port operations, more specifically to the Praia Mole Terminal at the Tubarão Port. For this purpose, two mathematical models and two heuristics were implemented. Mathematical models, adapted from literature cases are executed with GLPK and CPLEX and the results obtained are compared so that the best option is found / Mestrado / Matematica Aplicada / Mestra em Matemática Aplicada
382

Contribuição da atualização da decomposição LU no metodo Simplex / Contribution of the LU factorization update in the Simplex method

Cantane, Daniela Renata 14 August 2018 (has links)
Orientadores: Aurelio Ribeiro Leite de Oliveira, Christiano Lyra Filho / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T10:57:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cantane_DanielaRenata.pdf: 1253133 bytes, checksum: 870b16a2b9360f77ebd88f50491d181c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: A solução eficiente de sistemas lineares é fundamental em problemas de otimização linear e o primeiro método a obter êxito nesta classe de problemas foi o método Simplex. Com o objetivo de desenvolver alternativas eficientes para sua implementação, são apresentadas nesta tese técnicas de atualização da decomposição LU da base para aperfeiçoar a solução dos sistemas lineares oriundos do método Simplex, utilizando um reordenamento estático nas colunas da matriz. Uma simulação do método Simplex é implementada, realizando troca de bases obtidas pelo MINOS e verificando sua esparsidade. Somente os elementos afetados pela mudança de base são considerados para obter uma atualização da decomposição LU eficaz. As colunas da matriz são reordenadas de acordo com três estratégias: mínimo grau; forma bloco triangular e estratégia de Björck. Assim, obtém-se uma decomposição esparsa para qualquer base sem esforço computacional para obter a ordem das colunas, pois o reordenamento da matriz é estático e as colunas da base obedecem esta ordem. A forma bloco triangular obteve os melhores resultados, para os maiores problemas testados, em relação ao mínimo grau e a estratégia de Björck. Resultados computacionais para problemas da Netlib mostram a robustez e um bom desempenho computacional do método de atualização da decomposição LU proposto, pois não são necessárias refatorações periódicas da base como nos métodos de atualização tradicionais. O método proposto obteve uma redução do número de elementos não nulos da base em relação ao MINOS. Esta abordagem foi aplicada em problemas de corte de estoque e a atualização da decomposição LU proposta obteve uma redução do tempo computacional na solução destes problemas em relação ao GPLK. / Abstract: Finding efficient solution of linear systems is fundamental in the linear programming problems and the first method to obtain success for this class of problems was the Simplex method. With the objective to develop efficient alternatives to its implementation, techniques of the simplex basis LU factorization update are developed in this thesis to improve the solution of the Simplex method linear systems towards a matrix columns static reordering. A simulation of the Simplex method is implemented, carrying through the change of basis obtained from MINOS and verifying its sparsity. Only the factored columns actually modified by the change of the base are carried through to obtain an efficient LU factorization update. The matrix columns are reordered according to three strategies: minimum degree; block triangular form and the Björck strategy. Thus, sparse factorizations are obtained for any base without computational effort to obtain the order of columns, since the reordering of the matrix is static and base columns follow this ordering. The application of the block triangular form achieved the best results, for larger scale problems tested, in comparison to minimum degree method and the Björck strategy. Computational results for Netlib problems show the robustness of this approach and good computational performance, since there is no need of periodical factorizations as used in traditional updating methods. The proposed method obtained a reduction of the nonzero entries of the basis with respect to MINOS. This approach was applied in the cutting stock problems and the proposed method achieved a reduction of the computational time in the solution of such problems with respect to the GLPK. / Universidade Estadual de Campi / Automação / Doutor em Engenharia Elétrica
383

Um algoritmo eficiente para o problema do posicionamento natural de antenas / An efficient algorithm for the natural wireless localization problem

Crepaldi, Bruno Espinosa, 1991- 26 August 2018 (has links)
Orientadores: Cid Carvalho de Souza, Pedro Jussieu de Rezende / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T19:18:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Crepaldi_BrunoEspinosa_M.pdf: 13275684 bytes, checksum: aa236e6a56dd7ed5507276017c51b8fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Considerado uma variação do problema da galeria de arte, o problema do posicionamento de antenas trata do posicionamento do menor número de antenas requerido para determinar se uma pessoa está dentro ou fora da galeria. Uma antena propaga uma chave única dentro de um ângulo específico de transmissão, de modo que o conjunto de chaves recebidas em um dado ponto do plano seja suficiente para decidir se ele pertence ou não ao polígono que representa a galeria. Para verificar esta propriedade de localização, uma fórmula Booleana deve ser produzida junto com o posicionamento de antenas. Dizemos que as antenas estão em posição natural se elas estão localizadas nos vértices ou nas arestas do polígono e transmitindo sinal no ângulo formado pelos lados deste último no ponto onde a antena está posicionada. O problema do posicionamento natural de antenas é NP-difícil. Nesta dissertação, apresentamos um algoritmo exato para resolvê-lo. Para tanto, propomos um modelo inicial de programação linear inteira para o problema que, ao ser computado por um resolvedor comercial, se mostrou capaz de encontrar soluções ótimas de instâncias correspondentes a polígonos com algumas dezenas de vértices. Em seguida, através de estudos de propriedades geométricas, são introduzidas várias melhorias no modelo matemático e também na forma de computá-lo. Como consequência desta pesquisa, desenvolvemos um algoritmo iterativo baseado em programação linear inteira com o qual conseguimos solucionar o problema para instâncias consideravelmente maiores. A eficiência do nosso algoritmo é certificada por resultados experimentais que compreendem as soluções ótimas de 720 instâncias de até 1000 vértices, incluindo polígono com buracos, as quais foram calculadas em menos de seis minutos em um computador desktop padrão / Abstract: Considered a variation of the art gallery problem, the wireless localization problem deals with the placement of the smallest number of broadcasting antennas required to determine if someone is inside or outside the gallery. Each antenna propagates a unique key within a certain antenna-specific angle of broadcast, so that the set of keys received at any given point is sufficient to determine whether that point is inside or outside the polygon that represents the gallery. To ascertain this localization property, a Boolean formula must be produced along with the placement of the antennas. We say that the antennas are in natural position if they are located at the vertices or the edges of the polygon and transmitting their signals in the angle formed by the sides of the polygon at the point where the antenna is positioned. The natural wireless localization problem is NP-hard. In this dissertation, we present an exact algorithm to solve it. To this end, we propose an initial integer linear programming model for the problem that, after being computed by a commercial solver, proved to be capable of finding optimal solutions for instances corresponding to polygons with tens of vertices. Then, through studies of geometric properties, several improvements are introduced in the mathematical model and also in the way of computing it. As a result of this research, we develop an iterative algorithm based on integer linear programming with which we can solve the problem for considerably larger instances. The efficiency of our algorithm is certified by experimental results comprising the solutions of 720 instances, including polygon with holes with up to 1000 vertices, in less than six minutes on a standard desktop computer / Mestrado / Ciência da Computação / Mestre em Ciência da Computação
384

Algoritmos exatos para problemas de dilatação mínima em grafos geométricos / Exact algorithms for minimum dilation problems in geometric graphs

Brandt, Aléx Fernando, 1990- 26 August 2018 (has links)
Orientadores: Cid Carvalho de Souza, Pedro Jussieu de Rezende / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-26T19:27:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Brandt_AlexFernando_M.pdf: 1939918 bytes, checksum: c6d9d34f314830d07dc1e49ad43ab514 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: Seja P um conjunto de pontos no plano. O grafo geométrico de P, G(P) = (P, E), é o grafo ponderado completo cujos vértices correspondem aos pontos de P e no qual o custo de uma aresta {i, j} é dado pela distância Euclidiana entre os pontos i e j. Inicialmente, considere um problema genérico em que se quer construir uma rede com boa qualidade de conexão ligando um conjunto de locais representados por pontos no plano. Em muitas aplicações deste tipo, o problema pode ser modelado com o auxílio de um grafo geométrico. Isso ocorre quando, por exemplo, para um par de pontos, a medida de qualidade é definida como a razão entre o comprimento do menor caminho que os conecta na rede projetada e a respectiva distância Euclidiana. Esta razão determina a dilatação daquele par de pontos na rede. Já a dilatação da rede construída em si é dada pela dilatação máxima sobre todos os pares de pontos. Nesta dissertação apresentamos métodos exatos para resolução dos problemas dedicados a encontrar uma árvore geradora ou uma triangulação planar de dilatação mínima, denominados, respectivamente, Problema da Árvore Geradora de Dilatação Mínima (MDSTP) e Problema da Triangulação de Dilatação Mínima (MDTP). Os métodos descritos são compostos principalmente pela formulação, redução e resolução de programas lineares inteiros mistos. A redução do tamanho destes modelos matemáticos é feita explorando-se a geometria dos problemas por meio de rotinas que determinam a presença ou da ausência de certos elementos da formulação em soluções com dilatação menor ou igual ao limitante primal fornecido por uma heurística. A aplicação destas rotinas em uma fase de pré-processamento permite uma redução significativa do tamanho do modelo levando à aceleração do seu tempo de resolução. Com a combinação destas técnicas obteve-se, pela primeira vez, soluções comprovadamente ótimas de instâncias até 20 pontos para o MDSTP e até 70 pontos para o MDTP. Os problemas e suas formulações, bem como suas formas de redução e de resolução, são apresentados em detalhes. Além disso, são feitas análises de desempenho computacional não só dos métodos exatos, mas também de algoritmos propostas por outros autores / Abstract: Let P be a set of points in the plane. The geometric graph of P, G(P) =(P, E), is the complete weighted graph whose vertices correspond to the points of P and in which the cost of an edge {i, j} is given by the Euclidean distance between the points i and j. Initially, consider a general problem where one wants to build a network with good connection quality joining a set of sites represented by points in the plane. In many applications of this kind, the problem can be modeled with the aid of a geometric graph. This occurs when, for example, for a pair of points, the quality measure is defined as the ratio of the length of the shortest path that connects them in the designed network and their Euclidean distance. This ratio determines the dilation of that pair of points in the network. On the other hand, the dilation of the built network itself is given by the maximum dilation over all pair of points. In this dissertation we present exact methods for solving problems dedicated to finding a spanning tree or a planar triangulation of minimum dilation, named, respectively, the Minimum Dilation Spanning Tree Problem (MDSTP) and Minimum Dilation Triangulation Problem (MDTP). The described methods are composed primarily by the formulation, downsizing and resolution of mixed integer linear programs. The downsizing of these mathematical models is done by exploiting the geometry of the problems by means of routines that determine the need of the presence or the absence of certain elements of the formulation in solutions with dilation less than or equal to the primal bound supplied by a heuristic. Applying these routines in a pre-processing phase allows a significant reduction of the model size leading to the acceleration of its resolution time. With the combination of these techniques, for the first time, proven optimal solutions of instances with up to 20 points for the MDSTP and up to 70 points to the MDTP were obtained. The problems and their formulations, as well as ways of reducing and solving them, are presented in detail. Furthermore, analyzes of computational performance not only of the exact methods, but also of algorithms proposed by other authors are made / Mestrado / Ciência da Computação / Mestre em Ciência da Computação
385

"Planejamento do tratamento por radioterapia através de métodos de pontos interiores" / Specialized Interior Point Methods for Radiotherapy Treatment Design

Cecilia Bollini Barboza Cid 07 April 2003 (has links)
O objetivo deste trabalho consiste no desenvolvimento, estudo e implementação de métodos de pontos interiores específicos para o problema de planejamento do tratamento de câncer por radioterapia. Este é um problema de grande porte que contém uma estrutura matricial particular. A exploração desta estrutura de forma eficiente obtém bom desempenho computacional, através da redução da dimensão dos sistemas lineares que devem ser resolvidos a cada iteração, agilizando a definição de um tratamento adequado, uma vez que tipicamente várias simulações são realizadas antes da definição de um plano definitivo. Resultados numéricos em Matlab ilustram a eficiência desta abordagem em problemas reais e mostram a superioridade do método preditor corretor em comparação ao método primal-dual. / In this work, a specialized interior point method is developed for planning cancer treatment by radiotherapy. This is a large-scale problem with a specific matrix structure. That structure is explored in an efficient way reducing the dimension of the linear system which must be solved at each iteration speeding up the treatment design since usually several versions must be solved to obtain a satisfactory plan. Moreover, the system obtained is sparse, symmetric and positive definite. Numerical results in Matlab illustrate the efficiency of this approach in real problems and show the superiority of the preditor-corrector method in comparison to the primal-dual method.
386

On Enumeration of Tree-Like Graphs and Pairwise Compatibility Graphs / 木状グラフ及び対互換性グラフの列挙

Naveed, Ahmed Azam 23 March 2021 (has links)
京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第23322号 / 情博第758号 / 新制||情||129(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科数理工学専攻 / (主査)教授 永持 仁, 教授 太田 快人, 教授 山下 信雄 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM
387

A Set Union Based Formulation for Course Scheduling and Timetabling

Bukenberger, Jesse Paul 01 June 2014 (has links)
The Course Timetabling Problem is a widely studied optimization problem where a number of sections are scheduled in concert with the assignment of students to sections in order to maximize the desirability of the resulting schedule for all stakeholders. This problem is commonly solved as a linear program with variables for each student or group of students with identical schedules. In this paper we explore an alternative formulation that aggregates binary student variables into integer variables denoting the number of students enrolled in a course. Our solution method assumes decomposition of the general schedule into time blocks, and applies a unique set theory based, integer linear programming formulation that seeks to maximize the total number of students enrolled in their desired sections across the time blocks. Once the problem has been solved, the simpler problem of disaggregating the solution is resolved. This approach can be used to find exact solutions, given sufficient computing power, or simplified to quickly find solutions within calculable bounds of optimality. Case studies with a local elementary school and a local high school show that the new formulation is significantly faster and can be made to be reasonably accurate.
388

Optimalizace nákupu hutního materiálu / Optimization of metallurgical material purchase

Chernykh, Daria January 2009 (has links)
This diploma thesis deals with optimization of process metallurgical material purchase and cutting with use of the problem solving of optimal material dividing, which is one of the linear programming problems. The aim of this problem solving is to minimize waste and to minimize the purchase costs for base material. The solution of this problem has the practical application at the company KULICKOVE SROUBY KURIM,a.s. This work is based on Deming Cycle (“Plan-Do-Check-Act”), as the basic method of solution efficiency and operations, processes and systems improvement.
389

Modely stochastického programování pro inženýrský návrh / Stochastic Programming for Engineering Design

Hrabec, Dušan January 2011 (has links)
Stochastické programování a optimalizace jsou velmi užitečné nástroje pro řešení široké škály inženýrských úloh zahrnujících neurčitost. Diplomová práce se zabývá stochastickým programováním a jeho aplikací při řešení logistických úloh. Teoretická část práce je věnována jak základním pojmům z teorie grafů, tak pojmům souvisejících s matematickým, lineárním, celočíselným a stochastickým programováním. Pozornost je věnována také návaznosti zmíněných pojmů na logistiku. Druhá část se zabývá tvorbou vlastních úloh prezentujících stochastické logistické modely, jejich implementací a výsledky.
390

Resource allocation optimisation in heterogeneous cognitive radio networks

Awoyemi, Babatunde Seun January 2017 (has links)
Cognitive radio networks (CRN) have been tipped as one of the most promising paradigms for next generation wireless communication, due primarily to its huge promise of mitigating the spectrum scarcity challenge. To help achieve this promise, CRN develop mechanisms that permit spectrum spaces to be allocated to, and used by more than one user, either simultaneously or opportunistically, under certain preconditions. However, because of various limitations associated with CRN, spectrum and other resources available for use in CRN are usually very scarce. Developing appropriate models that can efficiently utilise the scarce resources in a manner that is fair, among its numerous and diverse users, is required in order to achieve the utmost for CRN. 'Resource allocation (RA) in CRN' describes how such models can be developed and analysed. In developing appropriate RA models for CRN, factors that can limit the realisation of optimal solutions have to be identified and addressed; otherwise, the promised improvement in spectrum/resource utilisation would be seriously undermined. In this thesis, by a careful examination of relevant literature, the most critical limitations to RA optimisation in CRN are identified and studied, and appropriate solution models that address such limitations are investigated and proffered. One such problem, identified as a potential limitation to achieving optimality in its RA solutions, is the problem of heterogeneity in CRN. Although it is indeed the more realistic consideration, introducing heterogeneity into RA in CRN exacerbates the complex nature of RA problems. In the study, three broad classifications of heterogeneity, applicable to CRN, are identified; heterogeneous networks, channels and users. RA models that incorporate these heterogeneous considerations are then developed and analysed. By studying their structures, the complex RA problems are smartly reformulated as integer linear programming problems and solved using classical optimisation. This smart move makes it possible to achieve optimality in the RA solutions for heterogeneous CRN. Another serious limitation to achieving optimality in RA for CRN is the strictness in the level of permissible interference to the primary users (PUs) due to the activities of the secondary users (SUs). To mitigate this problem, the concept of cooperative diversity is investigated and employed. In the cooperative model, the SUs, by assisting each other in relaying their data, reduce their level of interference to PUs significantly, thus achieving greater results in the RA solutions. Furthermore, an iterative-based heuristic is developed that solves the RA optimisation problem timeously and efficiently, thereby minimising network complexity. Although results obtained from the heuristic are only suboptimal, the gains in terms of reduction in computations and time make the idea worthwhile, especially when considering large networks. The final problem identified and addressed is the limiting effect of long waiting time (delay) on the RA and overall productivity of CRN. To address this problem, queueing theory is investigated and employed. The queueing model developed and analysed helps to improve both the blocking probability as well as the system throughput, thus achieving significant improvement in the RA solutions for CRN. Since RA is an essential pivot on which the CRN's productivity revolves, this thesis, by providing viable solutions to the most debilitating problems in RA for CRN, stands out as an indispensable contribution to helping CRN realise its much-proclaimed promises. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2017. / Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering / PhD / Unrestricted

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