Thesis advisor: Sarah Babb / American discrimination law is a paradox: it attempts to eradicate discrimination – an inherently systemic problem impacting the most marginalized groups – using bureaucratic procedures. As a result, public servants tasked with investigating violations of discrimination law must pursue the fulfillment of such a sweeping goal through incremental means, adhering to laws that define discrimination narrowly. There is an extensive literature arguing that this misalignment between the law’s driving goals and its methods of enforcement renders it ineffective; there is also considerable research on the public servant’s unique position in this sense. Applying these literatures together to twelve discrimination investigators at three state-level commissions, it seems investigators are aware of the law’s limitations, but are able to close the gap between the bureaucratic nature of their work and its driving goals by rationalizing these limitations, allowing them to remain idealistic about the efficacy of the law. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2020. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Departmental Honors. / Discipline: Sociology.

Thesis (MTech (Business Administration in Project Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019 / Communication forms an integral part of military management functions in safegaurding the territory and borders of the country through successful project execution. This explains cruciality and indispensability of communication in the military for effective management. Communication is not effective until intended recipient uderstand the message and be in a position to action required feedback, Akinnubi (2010:105). The research problem stems from structural impediments of communication that hampers procurement project execution. This study seeks to investigate the structural impediments of communication, bureaucratic systems and procurement as a strategy. The research exploited qualitative methodology, standards of social research techniques for sampling and methods of collecting data, through the administration of a questionnaire, direct observation, transcribing of qualitative data and document analysis. Project communication is measured by the extent in which results meets requirement and expectations of the clients. The researchers emphasizes that critical project information should be disseminated to project team members, timely for effective responds that propel project success. The target population for this research is 60 South African Navy Simon’s Town Procurement Service Centre (SPSC) employees, whom are entrusted with procurement responsibilities for the organization. The employees are the organizational representatives to different stake holders through communication mediums and channels. Communication over the years has become the centre diversification organizational study due to successful contribution for achieving organizational goals, when is correctly implemented and managed. The importance of communication enables organizational activity to be unified and serves as pillar upon inputs are fed to the systems to influence better decision making.

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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. / The Naval Postgraduate School is a unique academic institution whose structural configuration combines the bureaucratic functions of a military command with the traditional administrative functions of a university. This thesis focuses on the issues associated with the design and implementation ofthe formal management and administrative control systems of the organization. The data obtained during the research was used to develop a management case study that explores the school's organizational and control structure which is bureaucratic in design, yet supports an operating core whose roots lie in a collegial tradition. The case focuses on the potential for conflict that exists from the interaction of the two distinctly different organizational structures, perceived control environments, and cultures. Specifically, the case and subsequent analysis can be. Used to illustrate the potential for role related conflict when the faculty comes in contact with the school's control systems that are administered by the military support staff.

In contrast with most Asian and African nations, the Republic of Singapore has often been cited as a model state where bureaucratic corruption is minimal. What then is the secret of Singapore's success at corruption control? This dissertation examines the factors that help to explain the effective control of corruption in Singapore, the administrative and legal methods employed to combat corruption in the Republic and the efficacy and legitimacy of such controls. The study has been undertaken in four parts. Part I seeks to define the elusive concept of corruption, and to examine the problems of corruption in Asia and in the developing countries, and the various physical, political, social and economic factors that support Singapore's corruption control strategy. In Parts II and III, an attempt has been made to determine, analyse and evaluate the administrative and legal methods employed to combat corruption, especially in the public services. There is a detailed study of the scope and application of Singapore's anti-corruption laws and the workings of various law enforcement agencies involved in combating corruption. The dissertation concludes with a general discussion of the sufficiency of Singapore's solutions and the problems ahead in the battle against the canker of corruption in Singapore.

Clean water and adequate sanitation are crucial for community development and a reduction of waterborne diseases. Despite this certainty, a viable process for achieving this goal has yet to be formulated. This public health and development problem is not from a lack of hydraulic or biomedical knowledge. Rather, the failure to provide community services and infrastructure is rooted in the dynamic interplay between a hyper formalized public sector bureaucracy and the informal practices of political parties and patron-client relationships. Using qualitative, semi-structured interviews and participant observation, this study undertakes a narrative analysis of three communities and their interactions with political parties and the public sector in Tijuana, Mexico. Bureaucratic incapacity prevents the effective management of water and sanitation planning, programs, and infrastructure development. A sociological analysis of organizations is applied to the policy subsystem involving the persistent prevalence of waterborne diseases. Faced with an unresponsive and inefficient public sector, community groups direct their local development efforts towards political parties and the strategic use of clientelist relationships in order to procure health care services and community infrastructure. The role of community participation, as a means toward local empowerment and political co-option is examined. This study also highlights the need for further research in the areas of public accountability, public vs. private water management, and the role of participation in community development. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA)

Multi-agency collaboration is often advocated as a means of tackling cross-cutting areas of public services and viewed as a solution to service fragmentation, with local agencies on the receiving end of government exhortations to collaborate. Yet there is relatively little research examining the effectiveness of policy tools and mechanisms aiming to stimulate local collaboration. This thesis examines the influence and dynamics of vertical and horizontal coordination tools, investigating their potential to enhance collaboration in local public service delivery networks and to reduce negative externalities. A theoretical framework is employed which synthesises models of policy implementation and bureaucratic decision-making. The empirical research is conducted in relation to organisations working with the homeless in England, and the research methods include a survey of Local Authorities and interviews with civil servants and frontline professionals. While governmental attempts to foster collaboration are partially effective, there are weaknesses with some of the policy tools employed, and limits to State control. Local actors’ collaborative decision-making is influenced more by ‘bottom-up’ than by ‘top-down’ factors. Moreover, the competitive context in which service providers operate leads them to pursue strategies to promote their own organisational interests rather than working towards a dominant common interest. The strategies employed are broadly in line with a bureaucratic politics perspective, and include failure to share information, possessiveness over client outcomes and projecting an image of success rather than sharing problems. Nevertheless, formal collaborative mechanisms do have the potential to alleviate externalities associated with fragmented systems. With strong local management and appropriate central facilitation, they can help to meet client needs and to counter fragmentation, ultimately leading to better services.

Aims of the Study : This report aims to describe the central issues confronting education systems today, with reference to contemporary developments in the Australian Capital Territory, drawing attention, specifically, to the problems of Special Education sub-systems and tracing the development of this sub-system in the A.C.T. Background to the Report : Bureaucratic practices and role perceptions persist in systems which are attempting to solve problems emerging from increasingly demanding environments which are growing rapidly in complexity and turbulence. Where these practices are related to the servicing aspect of the organization they may increase efficiency in those functions which can be subjected to mechanistic control. Dysfunction can be avoided if safeguards are built into the organizational framework to allow adequate communication, co-ordination and co-operation in servicing the needs of those in primary roles. Special Education, Guidance and Counselling Services were established at a time when bureaucratic administrative practices prevailed in educational systems. Closed system structures were deemed then to be appropriate organizations for mechanistic approaches to human problems. This approach was apparent in the categorization of educational needs on aetiological and psychometric data. The growth of Special Education classes, aimed at securing homogeneous target populations for specialised programmes, characterises this period. The persistence of the bureaucratic model in an inappropriate environment has resulted in the fixing of certain aspects of the primary task and role. Further, it has placed some important aspects of decision making, namely, needs assessment and the determination of criteria for child placement as well as the actual placement of children, outside the scope of the school in the centrally administered sub-systems of Guidance and Special Education. This has resulted in instances of teachers in mainstream classes in the A.C.T. exhibiting reluctance to propose children for special placement at a time when the beneficial effects of specialized interventions could be maximised. It has also helped to institutionalise prevalent views of lock-step educational programming. This creates dilemmas for teachers as they attempt to integrate children who are developmentally or educationally retarded as judged by this criterion, and it presents barriers to the availability of specialized technical assistance to children with learning disabilities placed in mainstream classes. The climate of education in the A.C.T. is one of increasing openness. In mainstream education parents, teachers, principals and personnel within the Schools Office are beginning to assume new roles' as a result of confrontations and compromises. This process is also evidenced in the Schools Authority's Council and Standing Committees. This level of openness is not yet discernible in Special Education which in many ways appears to be operating in a closed system. Outline of the Study : The ensuing chapters expand these main points in the following manner: Chapter 2 describes major issues faced by education systems today as they attempt to develop organizational structures to maximise technological developments and pursue goals congruent with modern educational philosophies. It draws attention to contemporary developments in the A.C.T. with preference to problems faced by Special Education sub-systems. Chapter 3 traces the development of Special Education services in the A.C.T. It refers to the initial impetus and growth shared by all elements within the larger system. (i) up to the establishment of the Interim A.C.T. Schools Authority; (ii) Special Education since the establishment of the Interim Authority. Chapter if enumerates the main factors which have led to the dissipation of this impetus and describes some new initiatives and trends which have emerged. Chapter 5 overviews theoretical, organizational and technical solutions which have been proposed to overcome the problems identified in Chapter 2 and shared by all systems as they become increasingly open to rapidly changing environments, and indicates some principles on which a sound policy for Special Education in the A.C.T. might be based.

The politics of trade after the Cold War has transformed United States foreign policy. In fact, given the surge of interest in free trade agreements (FTAs) and the far-reaching political and economic repercussions of globalization, this thesis argues that the post-Cold War period, reinforced by the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, constitute a critical juncture in the history of U.S. international economic policy and trade diplomacy. The U.S. began to seek FTAs after 1989 as a way to maintain its strategic influence in international relations and counterbalance the formation of trading blocs such as the European Union (EU). Yet, despite its hegemony, the U.S. has succeeded in negotiating and implementing relatively few FTAs. Addressing this paradox, this dissertation seeks to answer two basic questions: First, why does the U.S. have relatively few FTAs compared to other economically powerful countries belonging to the Organization for Economic Development and Cooperation (OECD)? Second, why has the U.S. taken longer to negotiate and conclude certain FTAs over others? These questions will be examined by analyzing the evolution of interest group coalitions and the persistent conflict surrounding FTAs and international trade in general since the end of the Cold War. To further this analysis, the dissertation will study the influence of interest groups, bureaucratic politics, and the role of institutions, as well as the interaction among state and civil society actors, on the politics of trade. The dissertation will focus on the immediate aftermath of the Cold War period, which set the tone for current U.S. trade policy, and will examine the negotiations leading to the agreements signed with Jordan, Singapore, and Chile.

This dissertation is a qualitative examination of how the anti-dam movements, with so many disadvantages, are able to pursue their goals in a hybrid democratic political system in Thailand. This dissertation tries to prove that the extra-bureaucratic influence, which emerges from the anti-dam movements are gaining their foothold in the dam politics of Thailand and become a major cause in increase in pluralism in the fragmented authoritarian regime of Thailand. There are two major arguments in the dissertation: Firstly, FA framework, which has already been proved applicable to China by Lieberthal and Oksenberg in 1988 and by Metha in 2008 is also applicable to Thailand. Second argument is that the success of anti-dam movement should not be judged simply by the ability to cancel the project. If we only consider the ability to cancel the project, we may either overestimate or underestimate the ability of anti-dam movement. However, it does not mean that the ability to cancel the dam project does not count at all or should be excluded completely because it still proves the short-term success, which means that the project is cancelled as that moment. In sum, the ¡§success¡¨ of the anti-dam movement mentioned in this dissertation is the ability to transform the state¡¦s decision-making process for the dam project into the direction of more pluralism and less of authoritarianism so that individuals and groups both inside and outside the traditional arenas of policymaking have increasing role in the policy process. Thus the ability to cancel the dam project is an additional indicator not the main one. This view is illustrated through the four case studies: Bhumibol Dam, Nam Choan Dam, Pak Mun Dam, and Kaeng Sua Ten Dam.