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The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers
to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is
provided by the
Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
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The development of special education in the Australian Capital TerritoryHoyle, M. S., n/a January 1978 (has links)
Aims of the Study :
This report aims to describe the central issues confronting
education systems today, with reference to contemporary
developments in the Australian Capital Territory, drawing
attention, specifically, to the problems of Special
Education sub-systems and tracing the development of this
sub-system in the A.C.T.
Background to the Report :
Bureaucratic practices and role perceptions persist in
systems which are attempting to solve problems emerging
from increasingly demanding environments which are growing
rapidly in complexity and turbulence.
Where these practices are related to the servicing aspect
of the organization they may increase efficiency in those
functions which can be subjected to mechanistic control.
Dysfunction can be avoided if safeguards are built into the
organizational framework to allow adequate communication,
co-ordination and co-operation in servicing the needs of
those in primary roles.
Special Education, Guidance and Counselling Services were
established at a time when bureaucratic administrative
practices prevailed in educational systems. Closed system
structures were deemed then to be appropriate organizations
for mechanistic approaches to human problems.
This approach was apparent in the categorization of educational
needs on aetiological and psychometric data. The
growth of Special Education classes, aimed at securing homogeneous
target populations for specialised programmes,
characterises this period.
The persistence of the bureaucratic model in an inappropriate
environment has resulted in the fixing of certain aspects
of the primary task and role. Further, it has placed
some important aspects of decision making, namely, needs
assessment and the determination of criteria for child
placement as well as the actual placement of children, outside
the scope of the school in the centrally administered
sub-systems of Guidance and Special Education. This has
resulted in instances of teachers in mainstream classes in
the A.C.T. exhibiting reluctance to propose children for
special placement at a time when the beneficial effects
of specialized interventions could be maximised. It has also helped to institutionalise prevalent views of
lock-step educational programming. This creates dilemmas for teachers as they attempt to integrate children who are
developmentally or educationally retarded as judged by this
criterion, and it presents barriers to the availability
of specialized technical assistance to children with
learning disabilities placed in mainstream classes.
The climate of education in the A.C.T. is one of increasing
openness. In mainstream education parents, teachers,
principals and personnel within the Schools Office are
beginning to assume new roles' as a result of confrontations
and compromises. This process is also evidenced in the
Schools Authority's Council and Standing Committees. This
level of openness is not yet discernible in Special Education
which in many ways appears to be operating in a closed
system.
Outline of the Study :
The ensuing chapters expand these main points in the following
manner:
Chapter 2 describes major issues faced by education systems
today as they attempt to develop organizational structures
to maximise technological developments and pursue goals
congruent with modern educational philosophies. It draws
attention to contemporary developments in the A.C.T. with
preference to problems faced by Special Education sub-systems.
Chapter 3 traces the development of Special Education
services in the A.C.T. It refers to the initial impetus
and growth shared by all elements within the larger system.
(i) up to the establishment of the Interim A.C.T.
Schools Authority;
(ii) Special Education since the establishment of the
Interim Authority.
Chapter if enumerates the main factors which have led to the
dissipation of this impetus and describes some new
initiatives and trends which have emerged.
Chapter 5 overviews theoretical, organizational and technical
solutions which have been proposed to overcome the problems
identified in Chapter 2 and shared by all systems as they
become increasingly open to rapidly changing environments,
and indicates some principles on which a sound policy for
Special Education in the A.C.T. might be based.
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E-förvaltning – ett förvaltningsideal eller bara ett stort IT-projekt? : En beskrivande idéanalys om den svenska e-förvaltningen utifrån tre olika förvaltningsmodellerHajdarevic, Asmir January 2016 (has links)
Since the millennium shift the Swedish public administration has, in a successive and significant way, been moving towards an electronic government. By analyzing policy goals formulated by the Swedish government, this essay aims to describe e-government as an administration model and subsequently answer the question if e-government challenges the traditional Swedish public administration. Based on three different ideal types; The bureaucratic model, The user-oriented model and New Public Management, this essay also aims to relate the policy goals of e-government to the ideal types. The analysis shows that the Swedish e-government is based on ideas which can be related to all three ideal types. While the analysis is not able to unequivocally answer the question if e-government challenges the traditional Swedish public administration, it yet indicates that, reversibly, the traditional Swedish public administration challenges e-government.
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[pt] ALÉM DA GUERRA FRIA: A MAXIMIZAÇÃO DA FLEXIBILIDADE ESTRATÉGICA NORTE-AMERICANA E O TRATADO DE MOSCOU (2002) / [en] BEYOND THE COLD WAR: THE MAXIMIZATION OF U.S. STRATEGIC FLEXIBILITY ANDDIEGO SANTOS VIEIRA DE JESUS 18 May 2005 (has links)
[pt] O principal objetivo da dissertação é explicar a assinatura do Tratado sobre
Reduções Ofensivas Estratégicas - o Tratado de Moscou – pelo presidente
George W. Bush e a aprovação unânime, pelos senadores norte-americanos, da
resolução de conselho e consentimento para a ratificação do tratado. Tais
decisões são vistas como resultados de um jogo de negociação no qual se
observam a interação e a influência recíproca entre os níveis internacional e
doméstico. As hipóteses indicam que membros do Executivo e grande parte do
Senado norte-americanos mostraram-se interessados no tratado – que estipula
uma redução substancial do número agregado de ogivas nucleares estratégicas
dos EUA e da Rússia, de modo a não exceder 1.700-2.200 para cada parte no fim
de 2012 –, pois ele garante a autonomia para definir como a redução será
implementada e para determinar a estrutura das forças ofensivas estratégicas em
face das novas ameaças aos EUA e aos seus aliados. / [en] The main purpose of the dissertation is to explain the
signature of the
Strategic Offensive Reductions Treaty - known as the Treaty
of Moscow - by
president George W. Bush and the unanimous approval of the
resolution of
advice and consent to ratification of the treaty by the
U.S. Senate. These
decisions are seen as the results of a bargaining game in
which the national and
the international levels interact and influence each other.
The hypotheses
indicate that the members of the U.S. executive and a huge
number of the U.S.
senators were interested in the treaty - which stipulates
that each party shall
reduce substantially the aggregate number of U.S. and
Russian strategic nuclear
warheads, so that it does not exceed 1,700-2,200 for each
side by the end of
2012 - because it preserves the ability to define how the
reductions will be
implemented and to determine for themselves the structure
of their strategic
offensive forces, in order to respond to the new threats to
their country and its
allies.
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The "Equalizer" Administration: Managerial Strategies in the Public SectorCavalcanti, Bianor Scelza 08 April 2005 (has links)
The purpose of this dissertation is to understand the managerial "action" of public administrators in the management of their organizations within the Brazilian context.
The research seeks to understand the relationships between managers and formal management mechanisms by exploring the complementary nature of the effective managerial action in the face of structural deficiencies and flaws, considering the possibility of overcoming the structuralism-subjectivism dichotomy present in the construction of the Theory of Organizations.
Initially, the study provides a review of the literature on organizational design. It highlights the "goodness of fit" proposition on strategic choice issues concerning the main organizational variables design and organizational goal attainment. It also calls special attention to the emerging interest of designing theorists on interpretivist approaches to the matter, such that of Karl Weick.
A review of the the administrative reforms in Brazil is made from the perspective of the main stream organizational design conceptual framework. It highlights the complex dynamics of a constant search for differentiation and flexibilization subject to patterns of advances and reversals, due to the centrality, strength and pervasiveness of the bureaucratic model. It is concluded that in no single given moment, a public manager and his team, may count on a formal organizational design which attends the"congruency" criteria, devised by organizational design conceptual frameworks, to explain organizational results in different environmental sets. Although this conclusion may explain failure at the public sector, it can not provide understanding on the many instances of significative success attained by government operations in spite of inadequate formal administrative structures. This point calls for a better understanding from the interpretivist approach, on how public administrators, strongly associated with good organizational results, engage into transformative action, in order to superate administrative structures flaws and dysfunctional cultural patterns of conduct, structurally present and constantly reproduced, in vigorous developing countries, such as Brazil.
The dissertation transcribes the testimony of four outstanding public administrators, doing a deep incursion in the managerial real world of public administration, as subjectively defined by them and transformed by their engagement into action.Through the thematic version of the Oral History methodology, full segments of the complete interviews are categorized into the thirty two managerial strategies captured which are presented on a recategorized manner under eight main strategies: (1) Interchanging Frames of Reference; (2) Exploring the Formal Limits; (3) Playing the Bureaucracy Game; (4) Inducing the Inclusion of Others (5)Promoting Internal Cohesion; (6) Creating Shields against Transgressions; (7) Overcoming Internal Restrictions; (8) Letting the Structures Blossom. Each one of these eight blocks of strategies presented, deserves further reflexive interpretation by the author, on the light of the interpretivist approach to organizational design.
A final effort is made, now on theory building, for improving understanding on the matter. In order to find a significant meaning underlining all the strategies extracted from the "practical consciousness" of the interviewers as revealed in their report, the author resort to a metaphor. This metaphor helps to: (1) better describe and understand a not adequately treated phenomenon, namely, good results under inadequate structural social and organizational conditions; (2) reveal the logic and the meaning underlining all the strategies adopted to generate results under these unfaithful conditions; (3) name, accordingly to the nature of the managerial transformative social action involved, an open ended class of managerial interventions of a pragmatic sort driven by an ethics of results much common to good managers, that is, the concept of "managerial equalization"; and (4) give back to public administrators, represented by the interviewees, to be incorporated in their "discursive consciousness", something the most effective and experienced public managers already have as tacit knowledge built in their "practical consciousness", and so, help the education and development of new talents. / Ph. D.
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