The empirical results indicate a strong positive link between three important elements: the duration as CEO, the market capitalization of the company and the non-executive ownership. Our findings also indicate an important but negative impact of two variables on the CEO compensation: the institutional and block holder shareholders. We also observed that there is no CEO pay-performance elasticity for the Total and base salary: the control variables do not have a significant impact on changes in CEO compensation.   These results are in line with the ones of Ozkan (2011, p. 260-285). Those elements would demonstrate the active monitoring of these investors on the top management and especially on their remuneration. Those are also consistent with the paper of Khan et al. (2002, p. 1078-1088), which demonstrates the negative impact on CEO compensation of institutional ownerships when they are concentrated.   Our study didn’t find a strong correlation between the other variables as the board size or sales for example and the level of remuneration of the CEO. That would mean that the number of member of the board doesn’t significantly impact the discussion about the CEO remuneration.

This study maps compensation strategies in English as a foreign language used in immediate receptive situations by students of English and other modern languages. By mapping these strategies, language learners’ thinking processes are made visible, which in turn may assist teachers in modifying teaching methods. The study is comparative and highlights the difference in the use of strategies between learners who exclusively study English and learners who study at least one other modern language apart from English. The focus is on two major components of second language acquisition, viz. grammaticality and unknown words in context. Two major strategies have been used: (1) a quantitative analysis, and (2) a qualitative analysis, of sentences and words in context. Data have been collected from two surveys and two sets of recorded introspection with ten informants. This study proposes a classification of receptive compensation strategies including a division of achievement and avoidance strategies. The findings from the comparative study point out the major differences between learners of English only and learners of other modern languages. Finally, a discussion about what these results may imply for teaching is given.

Synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) is the underwater acoustic counterpart to stripmap-mode synthetic aperture radar (SAR). Current seagoing SAS systems are deployed on unmanned robotic vechicles, commonly referred to as autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs). As with SAR, SAS imaging is ideally done with a straight-line collection trajectory. However, SAS is far more susceptible to image degradation caused by the actual sensor trajectory deviating from a pefectly straight line. Unwanted motion is virtually unavoidable in the sea due to the influence of currents and wave action. In order to construct a perfectly-focused SAS image the motion must either be constrained to within one-eighth of a wavelength over the synthetic aperture, or it must be measured with the same degree of accuracy and then accounted for in the processing software. Since the former is not possible, the latter approach must be taken. The technique known as redundant phase centers (RPC) has proven to be insrumental in solving the problem of SAS motion compensation. In essence, RPC simply refers to the practice of overlapping a portion of the receiver array from one ping (transmission and reception) to the next. The signals observed by this overlapping portion will be identical except for a time shift proportional to the relative motion between pings. The time shifts observed by the RPC channels of the receiver array are scalars representing the projection of the array receiver locations onto the image slant plane, and these time shifts can be used to compensate for the unwanted platform motion. This thesis presents several extensions to the standard RPC technique in which the RPC time delays are combined with the AUV's on-board navigation data. The scalar time delays are decomposed into the components induced by the six degrees of freedom of the motion: i.e., the linear and angular velocities. Thus, the time delays observed in the image slant plane can be used to refine the motion estimate in an absolute frame of reference external to the AUV. Creating a high-resolution SAS image of the sea floor in an automatic fashion demands accurate and robust motion estimation. The performance of the motion estimation schemes presented is demonstrated using actual field data collected from an assortment of current research SAS systems.

The thesis is composed of two topics: a power-saving DRAMs with an adaptive refreshing clock generator, and a high precision low dropout regulator with nested feedback loops. In the first topic, an adaptive refreshing circuitry design for DRAMs is presented in this work. The proposed refreshing circuitry utilizes a voltage comparator to monitor the voltage drop caused by the data loss of a memory cell resulted from leakage currents to dynamically adjust the refreshing period of DRAM cells. A process variation monitor is also included in the proposed design to compensate the process drifting problem. Therefore, the proposed design is insensitive to temperature variations as well as process drifts. The period of the refreshing clock is automatically adjusted to save a great portion of standby power of DRAMs. A 4-Kb DRAM is implemented using a typical 0.13-£gm 1P8M digital CMOS process. Post-layout simulation results and a prototype on silicon justify the correctness of the adaptive refreshing cycles generated by the proposed design. In the second topic, a high precision low dropout regulator (LDO) with nested feedback loops is proposed in this paper. By nesting a zero-tracking compensation loop inside of the negative feedback loop comprising an Error Amplifier, the independence of off-chip capacitor and ESR is ensured for different load currents and operating voltages. Therefore, in low Iddq or low voltage scenarios, the total error of the output voltage caused by line and load variations is less than ¡Ó3% according to the on-silicon measurement results.

Neural conduction delay is a serious issue for organisms that need to act in real time. Perceptual phenomena such as the flash-lag effect (FLE, where the position of a moving object is perceived to be ahead of a brief flash when they are actually colocalized) suggest that the nervous system may perform extrapolation to compensate for delay. However, the precise neural mechanism for extrapolation has not been fully investigated. The main hypothesis of this dissertation is that facilitating synapses, with their dynamic sensitivity to the rate of change in the input, can serve as a neural basis for extrapolation. To test this hypothesis, computational and biologically inspired models are proposed in this dissertation. (1) The facilitatory activation model (FAM) was derived and tested in the motion FLE domain, showing that FAM with smoothing can account for human data. (2) FAM was given a neurophysiological ground by incorporating a spike-based model of facilitating synapses. The spike-based FAM was tested in the luminance FLE domain, successfully explaining extrapolation in both increasing and decreasing luminance conditions. Also, inhibitory backward masking was suggested as a potential cellular mechanism accounting for the smoothing effect. (3) The spike-based FAM was extended by combining it with spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), which allows facilitation to go across multiple neurons. Through STDP, facilitation can selectively propagate to a specific direction, which enables the multi-neuron FAM to express behavior consistent with orientation FLE. (4) FAM was applied to a modified 2D pole-balancing problem to test whether the biologically inspired delay compensation model can be utilized in engineering domains. Experimental results suggest that facilitating activity greatly enhances real time control performance under various forms of input delay as well as under increasing delay and input blank-out conditions. The main contribution of this dissertation is that it shows an intimate link between the organism-level problem of delay compensation, perceptual phenomenon of FLE, computational function of extrapolation, and neurophysiological mechanisms of facilitating synapses (and STDP). The results are expected to shed new light on real-time and predictive processing in the brain, and help understand specific neural processes such as facilitating synapses.

Reactive power, denoted as volt-ampere reactive (VARs), is fundamental to ac power systems and is due to the complex impedance of the loads and transmission lines. It has several undesirable consequences which include increased transmission loss, reduction of power transfer capability, and the potential for the onset of system-wide voltage instability, if not properly compensated and controlled. Reactive power compensation is a technique used to manage and control reactive power in the ac network by supplying or consuming VARs from points near the loads or along the transmission lines. Load compensation is aimed at applying power factor correction techniques directly at the loads by locally supplying VARs. Typical loads such as motors and other inductive devices operate with lagging power factor and consume VARs; compensation techniques have traditionally employed capacitor banks to supply the required VARs. However, capacitors are known to have reliability problems with both catastrophic failure modes and wear-out mechanisms. Thus, they require constant monitoring and periodic replacement, which greatly increases the cost of traditional load compensation techniques. This thesis proposes a reactive power load compensator that uses inductors (chokes) instead of capacitors to supply reactive power to support the load. Chokes are regarded as robust and rugged elements; but, they operate with lagging power factor and thus consume VARs instead of generating VARs like capacitors. A matrix converter interfaces the chokes to the ac network. The matrix converter is controlled using the Venturini modulation method which can enable the converter to exhibit a current phase reversal property. So, although the inductors draw lagging currents from the output of the converter, the converter actually draws leading currents from the ac network. Thus, with the proposed compensation technique, lagging power factor loads can be compensated without using capacitor banks. The detailed operation of the matrix converter and the Venturini modulation method are examined in the thesis. The application of the converter to the proposed load compensation technique is analyzed. Simulations of the system in the MATLAB and PSIM environments are presented that support the analysis. A digital implementation of control signals for the converter is developed which demonstrates the practical feasibility of the proposed technique. The simulation and hardware results have shown the proposed compensator to be a promising and effective solution to the reliability issues of capacitor-based load-side VAR compensation techniques.

This thesis is to design a DSP-based speed-sensorless driver for an induction motor. The driver schemed with closed loop constant V/F ratio is used as the speed control configuration, and a new integrator with adaptive compensation is derived to estimate motor speed. The developed driver with speed estimator has solved the problems of estimation deviation and stability which was occurred when designed by Indirectly Field Orientation Control method under low speed by 10% of rated speed. The experiments demonstrate the sensorless driver has performance of accuracy and efficiency for speed estimation when motor is operated under the circumstance of low speed range and parameter variation.

Abstract A Study for the Influence of Compensation System, Organization Climate to Employee Performance ¡Ð Taking Traditional Textile Companies as Examples Recently textile companies in Taiwan have been, more or less, through business transformation with e-knowledge management of resources integration, supply chain collaboration and globalization, in order to enhance their own competition threshold for the ubiquity of marketing battles. In such delicate tasks, issue of human resources exhibits a pivot role to reach the designated goals. Compensation system is then considered as the most direct aspect to relate the issue. In this study, a factorial design is conducted to find a better compensation system to enhance employee performance for traditional textile companies. To probe intrinsic influence among variables, aspects of compensation system¡]CS¡^, organization climate¡]OC¡^and employee performance¡]EP¡^are examined. 407 questionnaires were collected, and provided to verify existence of related assumptions in this study. Results can be concluded as followings¡GA ¡V It is mutually significant for CS to all the constituted phases of EP, and to those of OC¡FB ¡V It is mutually significant for the constituted phases¡]employee orientation, human communication and responsibility trend¡^of OC to the constituted phase¡]task performance¡^of EP. It is mutually significant for the constituted phases¡]employee orientation and human communication¡^of OC to the constituted phase¡]contextual performance¡^of EP¡FC ¡V It is significant for duty compensation and performance compensation of CS to employee orientation of OC. It is significant for duty compensation of CS to human communication of OC. It is significant for performance compensation of CS to responsibility trend of OC¡FD ¡V It is significant for employee orientation and human communication of OC to task performance and contextual performance of EP. It is significant for procedure regulation of OC to contextual performance of EP¡FE ¡V It is significant for duty compensation of CS to task performance and contextual performance of EP¡FF ¡VOC acts as a factor of intermediate effect between CS and EP. According to this study, traditional textile companies shall pay more attention to junior employees/rookies, design of CS, influence of CS to EP, influence of intermediate effect from OC to CS and EP. Key words¡Gcompensation system, organization climate, employee performance.

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The topic of stereo video is getting more attention among these days due to its high quality of visual effect. However, the large volume of data is the problem of its application. There is much similarity between the parallax videos. This similarity is obtained by a shape compensation technique. The topic of this thesis is to investigate a compression technique by on the shape compensation stereo video data. The shape transformation in this paper is coded by the kinds of morphological operations to be applied. This processing is a type of operation by which the spatial form or structure of objects within an image are modified. Morphological operation is usually applied to the binary images. There are two problems for the selection of the optimal morphological filter: the collection of the candidate filters and the sources of the voters. For the gray level images the mask operation is changed to be the more complex window weighting operation. By a strategy of slicing the image umbrella, our masked gray morphological operation is also more computation-efficient than the regular gray morphological operation. Experimental results in this thesis have demonstrated that shape compensation is more efficient than motion compensation for the secondary (right) video sequence.