In der Dissertation werden neue Entwurfsmethoden für Kompaktoren für die Ausgänge von digitalen Schaltungen beschrieben, die die Anzahl der zu testenden Ausgänge drastisch verkleinern und dabei die Testbarkeit der Schaltungen nur wenig oder gar nicht verschlechtern. <br>Der erste Teil der Arbeit behandelt für kombinatorische Schaltungen Methoden, die die Struktur der Schaltungen beim Entwurf der Kompaktoren berücksichtigen. Verschiedene Algorithmen zur Analyse von Schaltungsstrukturen werden zum ersten Mal vorgestellt und untersucht. Die Komplexität der vorgestellten Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Kompaktoren ist linear bezüglich der Anzahl der Gatter in der Schaltung und ist damit auf sehr große Schaltungen anwendbar. <br>Im zweiten Teil wird erstmals ein solches Verfahren für sequentielle Schaltkreise beschrieben. Dieses Verfahren baut im wesentlichen auf das erste auf. <br>Der dritte Teil beschreibt eine Entwurfsmethode, die keine Informationen über die interne Struktur der Schaltung oder über das zugrundeliegende Fehlermodell benötigt. Der Entwurf basiert alleine auf einem vorgegebenen Satz von Testvektoren und die dazugehörenden Testantworten der fehlerfreien Schaltung. Ein nach diesem Verfahren erzeugter Kompaktor maskiert keinen der Fehler, die durch das Testen mit den vorgegebenen Vektoren an den Ausgängen der Schaltung beobachtbar sind. / The objective of this thesis is to provide new space compaction techniques for testing or concurrent checking of digital circuits. In particular, the work focuses on the design of space compactors that achieve high compaction ratio and minimal loss of testability of the circuits. <br>In the first part, the compactors are designed for combinational circuits based on the knowledge of the circuit structure. Several algorithms for analyzing circuit structures are introduced and discussed for the first time. The complexity of each design procedure is linear with respect to the number of gates of the circuit. Thus, the procedures are applicable to large circuits. <br>In the second part, the first structural approach for output compaction for sequential circuits is introduced. Essentially, it enhances the first part. <br>For the approach introduced in the third part it is assumed that the structure of the circuit and the underlying fault model are unknown. The space compaction approach requires only the knowledge of the fault-free test responses for a precomputed test set. The proposed compactor design guarantees zero-aliasing with respect to the precomputed test set.

This thesis presents an extension of the contemporaryengineering design theory towards a unified view onsimultaneous development of products and manufacturing systems,i.e. concurrent engineering. The traditional engineering design theory explains therealization of a product design as a development of productstructure from four perspectives: technical process, function,technical solution, and physical embodiment. This thesisextends the engineering design theory with a set of definitionsand universal statements. These definitions and universalstatements describe manufacturing systems from same fourperspectives. In that context they also describe therelationship between a product and its manufacturing system.The thesis contributes to the creation of a single theoreticalsystem based on an integration of theories from two engineeringdesign schools, the WDK and the Axiomatic Design. WDKtheoriesare in this new context utilized for qualitative synthesis ofthe developed artifacts, while the Axiomatic Design is utilizedfor structuring and analyzing the corresponding quantitativeparameters. The definitions and universal statements describe thedevelopment structures for productsand manufacturing systems.This description is utilized for definition of a system fordevelopment of these structures, i.e. (i) a stage-gate-basedmanufacturing system development process, (ii) a developmentmethodology toolbox, and (iii) an information managementframework consisted of an information model harmonized with thesystems engineering data management standard STEP AP 233. The research has been carried out in a close collaborationwith Swedish manufacturing industry. The utilized researchmethodology is the hypothetic- deductive method, with casestudy as an observation method. Keywords:Concurrent Engineering, Engineering Design,Development Methods and Tools, Manufacturing System,Information Management.

The main process of this dissertation involves thedevelopment and refinement of a conceptual framework fordescribing and discussing cross-functional co-operation andnetworking within product realisation processes. The conceptualframework, the analysis of the case study and a discussion ofthe implications and challenges for research and industrialsector are the main results of the dissertation. Industrial firms face different demands, which create anumber of potential sources of conflicts(‘faster–better–cheaper’), for examplebetween market, product development and manufacturingfunctions. The transformation of industrial firms from beingtraditionally hierarchically organised to becoming team-,project- and process-based has delegated a number ofresponsibilities to employees–for example, to interactwith others in planning and decision-making, and to act onissues or problems that may arise during daily work. Thissituation requires that new workand co-operation patterns aredeveloped between employees and between work units. Theestablishment of new co-operative behaviour seldom developswithout active support. Several studies confirm that there is aneed for organisational/managerial support for cross-functionalco-operation to develop, but that this type of support is oftenneglected (Blackler et al, 1997; Gabrielsson, 1998; Majchrzakand Wang, 1996). The case study, reported in this dissertation, waslongitudinal and context-oriented. The study pointed out thatan integrative view of management on the entire ProductRealisation Process (PRP) was lacking during the first vitalphases of the organisational restructuring. However, itdeveloped continuously over time, which indicates a change inorganisational paradigm. Support for cross-functionalco-operation was considered and implemented only after thatco-operation had collapsed in a pilot group. The support was,for example, based on‘Work Reflection Seminars’,which served as forums for discussing the new ways of working.In addition, two different parallel networks, originating fromthe previous organisational structure, had considerable impacton the development of cross-functional co-operation, whichdemonstrates the importance and power of practised rather thanformally ordered activities. <b>Keywords:</b>Cross-functional Co-operation, Networking,Product Realisation Process, Concurrent Engineering, Productdevelopment, Production, Organisational Change, OrganisationalRestructuring.

While being physically active is an important and valued goal for many individuals, family, work, school, and friends are also valued aspects of their lives. Many social cognitive theories examine health behaviours in isolation, without taking into consideration the context, or life circumstances, in which people seek to achieve such health behaviours. Examining a single goal-directed behaviour without acknowledging the possible influence of other concurrent goals managed by an individual may oversimplify the self-regulation needed in daily life. The overarching purpose of this dissertation was to examine exercise behaviour in the context of concurrently held, valued non-exercise activities (e.g., academics, family). Relationships between valued non-exercise goals, concurrent self-regulatory efficacy, and physical activity behaviour were explored. Social cognitive theory provided the theoretical framework for the three studies conducted. Study 1 sought to discriminate university students whose physical activity level was either commensurate or not with achieving health benefits using social-cognitive predictors. These predictors took into account participants beliefs about the concurrent management of physical activity with other valued non-exercise goals. Results indicated that concurrent self-regulatory efficacy (belief in abilities to self-regulate the management of multiple goals including exercise) discriminated those active enough to achieve health benefits from those who were not active enough. Study 2 used a prospective design to explore potential mechanisms that allow individuals to successfully self-regulate exercise behaviour with other goals during hectic times. Undergraduate students were observed during a 4-week examination period where they faced greater than usual challenges to exercising regularly. Concurrent self-regulatory efficacy was identified as a partial mediator of the relationship between value of an exercise goal and future exercise behaviour, and this effect was stable during this challenging period of time. Study 3 used a randomized experimental design to test the social cognitive theory hypothesis that individuals with greater concurrent self-regulatory efficacy would persevere with exercise to a greater extent when facing numerous exercise barriers than their lower efficacy counterparts. Forty-nine busy working mothers with young children who were exercisers or wanted to exercise comprised the study sample. Participants either high or low in concurrent self-regulatory efficacy were exposed to numerous or minimal exercise barrier scenarios. Consistent with social cognitive theory, when exercise barriers were numerous, mothers with higher concurrent self-regulatory efficacy demonstrated greater perseverance towards achieving their exercise goals, and perceived the concurrent management of exercise along with their other valued life goals as more positively challenging, than did mothers with lower concurrent self-regulatory efficacy. Taken together, these results provide preliminary support for the utility of using social cognitive theory to examine beliefs about concurrent self-regulation of exercise along with other valued non-exercise goals when studying exercise behaviour. Future directions and applications to theory are discussed.

Sammanfattning Syfte: Att undersöka hur prestationen av deltagarnas resultat var för stroke drabbade individer,med relativt god gångförmåga, ett till tre år efter stroke, utförda med bedömningsinstrumentenBergs Balanstest (BBS) och Short Physical Performance Battery - svenska versionen (SPPB-S)som mäter bland annat balans och fysisk funktionsförmåga. Samt undersöka hur stortsamband (samtidig validitet) som förelåg mellan SPPB-S och BBS samt sambandet (samtidigvaliditet) mellan delmomentet statisk balans inom SPPB-S och BBS. Metod: Deskriptiv och korrelerande studie som analyserade redan insamlad journaldata frånbedömningsinstrumenten SPPB-S och BBS. Antal försökspersoner bestod av totalt 67personer i åldern 65-85 år med gångförmåga på minst 10 meter, ett till tre år efter stroke. Resultat: Undersökning av prestationen för SPPB-S visade medianvärde 9 av 12 poäng,interkvartilavståndet 3 och lägsta erhållna poäng var 0 och högsta poäng var 12. Prestationenför BBS visade medianvärde 50 av 56 poäng, interkvartilavståndet 7, minimun 6 ochmaximum 56 poäng. Prövningen av samtidig validitet för SPPB-S och BBS visade en starkkorrelation, med korrelationskoefficienten 0,8 (p&lt;0,00). Prövning av samtidig validitet fördelmomentet balans i SPPB-S och BBS visade även det en stark korrelation, medkoefficienten 0,79 (p&lt;0,00). Konklusion: Resultatet visade att det förelåg en stark korrelation mellan SPPB-S och BBSsamt mellan delmomentet balans i SPPB-S och BBS. Key Words: Bergs balance scale, short physical performance battery, concurrent validity,descriptive, stroke.

The research described in this thesis concentrates on the development of an integrated assembly process design for aircraft systems. Assembly process design is one of the most important and complicated activities in aircraft manufacturing. Many solutions are suggested in previous research to develop process design method. But gaps are found in assembly process design of aircraft system in following studies. In this research, an integration approach which combined with product development philosophy, design for assembly method and digital assembly technology is proposed to solve the issues in the whole product development lifecycle. Three case studies from different design phase are used to examine the integrated process design method. The research results demonstrate that the proposed digital process design method can be used to develop manufacturing strategies of system assembly in early design phase, and improve the accuracy and operability of assembly instructions according to 3-D assembly process plans in detailed design phase. The product design also benefits from this method in terms of correcting design errors in the concurrent engineering process. A proposed process planning system framework based on lightweight CAD is developed in this research. The customized assembly representation of 3DVIA system illustrates the advantages of lightweight CAD when applying in shop floor.

Exploiting thread-level parallelism has become a part of mainstream programming in recent years. Many approaches to parallelization require threads executing in parallel to also synchronize occassionally (i.e., coordinate concurrent accesses to shared state). Transactional Memory (TM) is a programming abstraction that provides the concept of database transactions in the context of programming languages such as C/C++. This allows programmers to only declare which pieces of a program synchronize without requiring them to actually implement synchronization and tune its performance, which in turn makes TM typically easier to use than other abstractions such as locks. I have investigated and implemented the building blocks that are required for a high-performance, practical, and realistic TM. They host several novel algorithms and optimizations for TM implementations, both for current hardware and future hardware extensions for TM, and are being used in or have influenced commercial TM implementations such as the TM support in GCC.

While being physically active is an important and valued goal for many individuals, family, work, school, and friends are also valued aspects of their lives. Many social cognitive theories examine health behaviours in isolation, without taking into consideration the context, or life circumstances, in which people seek to achieve such health behaviours. Examining a single goal-directed behaviour without acknowledging the possible influence of other concurrent goals managed by an individual may oversimplify the self-regulation needed in daily life. The overarching purpose of this dissertation was to examine exercise behaviour in the context of concurrently held, valued non-exercise activities (e.g., academics, family). Relationships between valued non-exercise goals, concurrent self-regulatory efficacy, and physical activity behaviour were explored. Social cognitive theory provided the theoretical framework for the three studies conducted. Study 1 sought to discriminate university students whose physical activity level was either commensurate or not with achieving health benefits using social-cognitive predictors. These predictors took into account participants beliefs about the concurrent management of physical activity with other valued non-exercise goals. Results indicated that concurrent self-regulatory efficacy (belief in abilities to self-regulate the management of multiple goals including exercise) discriminated those active enough to achieve health benefits from those who were not active enough. Study 2 used a prospective design to explore potential mechanisms that allow individuals to successfully self-regulate exercise behaviour with other goals during hectic times. Undergraduate students were observed during a 4-week examination period where they faced greater than usual challenges to exercising regularly. Concurrent self-regulatory efficacy was identified as a partial mediator of the relationship between value of an exercise goal and future exercise behaviour, and this effect was stable during this challenging period of time. Study 3 used a randomized experimental design to test the social cognitive theory hypothesis that individuals with greater concurrent self-regulatory efficacy would persevere with exercise to a greater extent when facing numerous exercise barriers than their lower efficacy counterparts. Forty-nine busy working mothers with young children who were exercisers or wanted to exercise comprised the study sample. Participants either high or low in concurrent self-regulatory efficacy were exposed to numerous or minimal exercise barrier scenarios. Consistent with social cognitive theory, when exercise barriers were numerous, mothers with higher concurrent self-regulatory efficacy demonstrated greater perseverance towards achieving their exercise goals, and perceived the concurrent management of exercise along with their other valued life goals as more positively challenging, than did mothers with lower concurrent self-regulatory efficacy. Taken together, these results provide preliminary support for the utility of using social cognitive theory to examine beliefs about concurrent self-regulation of exercise along with other valued non-exercise goals when studying exercise behaviour. Future directions and applications to theory are discussed.

It is widely held among cognitive aging researchers that older adults are at a disadvantage with respect to the division of attention between two or more concurrent tasks. Some researchers have attributed dual-task performance decrements to reduced processing speed with age while others have attributed declines in dual-task performance to the reduced efficiency of task coordination and control processes. Few researchers, however, have considered the possibility that age-related differences in dual-task performance may be related to underlying differences in the learning mechanisms supporting component task performance. Three studies were conducted which differed in the type of single-task training provided to young and old adult participants: Consistently mapped (CM), variably mapped (VM) and attenuated priority (AP) training. Skilled dual-task performance was then assessed as a function of both component task learning and age through a) the examination of initial and end-level skilled dual-task performance, b) transfer of learning to novel task combination and c) retention capability. It was predicted that type of component task training would moderate age-related differences in skilled dual-task performance. The results were confirmatory, however, were not completely consistent with initial predictions.

The objective of the proposed research is to develop novel, fully-packaged voltage controlled oscillators (VCOs), concurrent oscillators, and multi-mode filters using Liquid Crystalline Polymer (LCP) dielectric material that are directly applicable to simultaneous multi-band radio communication. Integrated wireless devices of the near-future will serve more diverse range of applications (computing, voice/video/data communication) and hence, will require more functionality. This research is focused on providing cost-effective and area-efficient solutions for multi-band/multi-mode oscillators and filters using system-on-package (SOP) design methodology. Silicon-based integrated circuits (ICs) provide an economical method of miniaturizing modules and hence, are attractive for multi-band applications. However, fully monolithic solutions are limited, by its high substrate losses, and marginal quality factors (Qs) of the passives, to low profile applications. Furthermore, the VCOs made on conventional packaging technologies are not very cost-effective. This thesis is directed towards developing highly optimized VCOs and filters using LCP substrate for use in multi-mode radio systems. The thesis investigates and characterizes lumped passive components on new LCP based technology feasible for VCO and filter design. The dissertation then investigates design techniques for optimizing both power consumption and the phase noise of the VCOs to be employed in commercial wireless systems. This work then investigates the temperature performance of LCP-based VCOs satisfying military standards. Another aspect of the thesis is the development of dual-band (multi-mode) oscillators. The approach is to employ existing multi-band theories to demonstrate one of the first prototypes of the oscillator. Finally, the design of multi-mode, lumped-element type filters was investigated.