For meeting the requirements for both domestic economic development and social realistic demand, the foreign labors have been employed in Taiwan for several industries such as public civil engineering, important production business, household service, nursing service and fishery etc. in recent years. The main purpose of employing foreign labors was an expedient measure to resolve the shortage of blue-collar workers in Taiwan. However, the employing foreign worker had to obey the following four basic principles as: 1) Foreign labors should be hired to remedy domestic shortages of unskilled labor without compromising the employment rights and interests of Taiwan nationals. 2) Foreign labors are not allowed to use employment as a basis for immigration. 3) Foreign labors should not disturb the public safety. 4) Employment of foreign labors could not hinder domestic industrial upgrading and economic development. Since the domestic working environment has been deteriorated gradually, some events about the foreign labors with various characters disrupting residents occurred occasionally. In particular, the foreign labors living in centralized accommodations have brought several collective actions which have impacted on community residents¡¦ job satisfaction, quality of life, and conscious of community seriously. This study attempted to realize the residents¡¦ minds and exceptions in order to examine the residents¡¦ attitudes on foreign labors whether could affect their job satisfaction, quality of life, and conscious of community. In addition, did it have a significant correlation between them? The various attributes of residents such as gender, age, education, occupation, household income, type of accommodation and living time would lead to impact remarkable different results in job satisfaction, quality of life, conscious of community, and attitudes of foreign labors? The results could provide useful information for relevant authorities, thereby beneficial to look after both sides when carried out the policy of employing foreign labor and considered on the residents¡¦ experience.

二十一世紀初發生了許多重大的金融弊案，除了美國政府修訂沙賓法案來設立防範制度與監督商業行為之外，產業、政府、學者也都開始探討現今普遍的商業思維是否需要改變。其中，影響商業思維甚深的資本主義也被從多個角度重新檢視。此研究採用文獻分析與個案分析，透過自覺資本主義的框架來檢視個案企業的組織特性與經營精神。自覺資本主義是一種具備研究基礎的綜合性商業思維，企業除了創造經濟、社會、環境價值之外，還必須致力於替多方創造人文精神價值。目前尚未有為自覺企業量身打造的評量機構，但是可以透過參考許多不同的評量機構，以不同的評量指標衡量企業的結果，來產生一個綜合評比，藉此發現有哪些企業符合自覺企業的條件並加以研究。因此本研究透過綜合財星（營業額評量）、最佳職場研究所（工作環境評量）、蓋洛普（員工工作涉入程度評量）、Glassdoor（內部員工自我評量）、Ethisphere（道德評量）等指標來篩選出三間符合自覺經營理念的企業，分別為：Google（谷歌）、Amazon（亞馬遜）以及Starbucks（星巴克）。 由於自覺企業涉及企業經營的所有面向，因此必須由組織的最高領導人所帶動。要啟動企業的正向循環是一個不斷進行的流程，企業必須先鞏固自己的核心能力，透過不斷與投資人、顧客、供應商、政府等多方利害關係人溝通，建立與教育自覺意識，成為一個產業的領導者，不斷地透過公司的活動擴大企業的影響力，並為多發利害關係人帶來利益。由於員工花費大量的時間與精力在企業內，所以企業領導人能透過企業宗旨、制度及文化，來影響員工的想法、動機和行為。擁有高涉入程度的員工，是啟動正向循環的第一步，企業應把所有利害關係人納入系統性的考量與價值創造中。但是，如果要產生正向循環，則企業必須執行與企業理念相符，以及與顧客理念相符的活動來連結多方利害關係人。自覺企業不著重於單一利害關係人，而是思考如何能讓所有利害關係人長期獲利。若是無法同時滿足短期績效以及長期價值時，應以長期價值為最終考量。

According to Cybernetic Control theories, negative emotions result when goal progress is thwarted and these emotions facilitate behavioural regulation (Carver & Scheier, 1998). Self-conscious emotions are recognized for their self-regulatory functions with guilt and shame being especially central to governing unhealthy behavior change (Dijkstra & Buunk, 2008). However limited research has explored the role of self-conscious emotions and exercise. In light of the concern about low physical activity rates among Canadians (Canadian Community Health Measures Survey, 2011) examining the role of guilt and shame in the self-regulation of exercise is warranted. Purpose. To examine the nature of guilt and shame related to recent exercise behavior. Procedures. In this online, observational study, 128 women and 47 men aged 18-64 (mean age 36, SD = 12.74) completed measures of recent physical activity, trait shame and guilt, exercise identity and demographics at baseline. On both a day when they did and did not engage in intended exercise, participants completed measures of recent exercise quantity and quality, exercise-related state shame and guilt, attributions (on the missed exercise day) and exercise intentions. Results. T-tests revealed that participants experienced more guilt and shame after a missed as opposed to an engaged-in intended exercise session, and that of these two emotions guilt was felt more intensely. Regression analyses determined that perceptions of exercise quality were negatively related to both guilt and shame, however these emotions were not related to exercise intentions. Guilt was associated with the attribution dimension of internal locus of casualty and shame with stability, but no relationships were found between the two emotions and exercise identity. Lastly, logistic regressions showed that shame, but not guilt, was associated with exercise behaviour with shame showing a negative relationship with behaviour. Findings add to the extant literature on the role of shame and guilt in exercise self-regulation.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 38-41).

This dissertation explored the subjective experience and neural correlates of self-conscious emotion (SCE) understanding in adolescent males with high-functioning Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and age-matched neurotypical (NT) males (ages 11-17). Study I investigated group differences in SCE attributions (the ability to recognize SCEs conveyed by others) and empathic SCEs (the ability/tendency to feel empathic SCEs for others) in 56 adolescents (ASD = 30; NT = 26). It also explored associations between SCE processing and a triad of social cognitive abilities (self-awareness/introspection, perspective-taking/cognitive empathy, affective empathy) and autistic symptoms/traits. Study II investigated the neural correlates of SCE processing in 52 adolescents (ASD = 27; NT = 25). During an MRI scan, participants completed the Self-Conscious Emotions Task-Child, which included 24 salient, ecologically-valid videos of adolescents participating in a singing competition. Videos represented two factors: emotion (embarrassment, pride) and perspective-taking (PT) demands (low, high). In low PT clips, singers’ emotions matched their performance (sing poorly, act embarrassed); in high PT clips, they did not (sing well, act embarrassed). Participants used a 4-point Likert scale to rate how intensely embarrassed and proud singers felt. They made congruent ratings, which matched the conveyed emotions (rating how embarrassed an embarrassed singer felt), and incongruent ratings, which did not match the conveyed emotions (rating how proud an embarrassed singer felt). Outside the scanner, participants rated how empathically embarrassed and proud they felt for the singers. The ASD and NT groups made similarly intense inferred congruent and empathic congruent SCE ratings, suggesting that emotion attribution and affective empathy are intact in ASD. However, the ASD group made more intense inferred incongruent SCE ratings, suggesting that emotion attribution in ASD may be more strongly impacted by the situational context. An over-reliance on contextual cues may reflect a strict adherence to rule-following and serve as a compensatory strategy for attenuated mentalizing. Neuroimaging results support this interpretation. The ASD group recruited atypical neural patterns within social cognition regions, visual perception regions, salience regions, and sensorimotor regions. These findings similarly suggest an over-reliance on abstract social conceptual knowledge when processing discrepant affective and contextual cues. Implications for intervention are discussed. / 10000-01-01

Conscious consumption blogs are at the center of a particular online community where eco-friendly products are popularized. Through the lens of these blogs, this paper analyzes discourse around identity, purchasing, sustainability, lifestyle, community, and activism, to investigate the forces at work in the conscious consumption movement and identify where there is a need for a shift towards a more political environmentalism. As an environmentalist strategy, conscious consumption disproportionately centers the consumer angle, constructing personal possessions as symbols of sustainability. Language analysis reveals strong individualistic messages about personal belief, preference, and benefit which overwhelm any sense of communal good. Instead, motivation is tied to personal morals (holding oneself accountable for the environmental impact of consumption). In place of organized action, the goal of conscious consumption is self-fulfillment as a result of progressing on one’s personal journey. This is encouraged through self-education, voluntary awareness campaigns and leading by example. Overall, conscious consumption blogs’ strong emphasis on self improvement contributes to individualization of responsibility, discouraging followers from collectively imagining new political possibilities outside of individual households.

O presente estudo objetiva mostrar ao Cirurgião Dentista, os quesitos necessários para se formar um Odontólogo apto a praticar a sedação inalatória, bem como os itens de segurança e de respaldo legal que deverão compor o seu ambiente de trabalho ao se utiliza desta técnica. O estudo foi fundamentado a partir de revisão de literatura sobre o tema, tendo como metodologia o estilo de Vancouver. A analgesia inalatória pela mistura gasosa de óxido nitroso e oxigênio constitui um excelente instrumento no controle da dor e da ansiedade dos pacientes durante o tratamento odontológico. É importante observar que a técnica de analgesia inalatória pela mistura gasosa de óxido nitroso e oxigênio deve ser realizada por meio de normatização técnica para garantir a eficiência da técnica e evitar transtornos. O roteiro proposto no trabalho visa apresentar as características de segurança e detalhamento das especificações técnicas dos estabelecimentos de assistência odontológica para o emprego da técnica de analgesia inalatória pela mistura gasosa de óxido nitroso e oxigênio. / This study has as objective to suggest a number of propositions in order to prepare and develop a dental office to perform conscious sedation by inhalatory analgesia using nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture. It was based on the revision of literature about the subject, having as methodology the Vancouver style. The conscientious sedation constitutes an excellent instrument in the control of the patient?s anxiety during dental treatment. It also will show to the Dentist the necessary requirements to the training of his personal and himself. It is important to observe that the technique itself must follow normative rules to guarantee its efficiency. The scope considered in the work aims present characteristics of security and detailed specifications to establish dental assistance for the use of conscious sedation by nitrous oxide/oxygen mixture.

The research within this thesis has been concerned with the concept of individual lability and how this may impact the occurrence of psychokinetic (PK) effects. Although frequently used as a descriptor within the fields of psychology, parapsychology has attempted to explore individual lability as a construct in its own right. Defined as an 'ease of change', within parapsychological research individual lability has been afforded the ability to either act as a contributing or mediating factor in the production of PK effects. To that effect, a major concern for this thesis was to operationalize the construct of individual lability via the development of a psychometric measure - an initial Lability Scale and then a further Revised Lability Scale. In order to make sense of the theoretical assumptions about individual lability this thesis explores the background of the production of PK effects in both real-world and experimental environments. It identifies shared individual elements in the reports of PK effects relating to heightened arousal, neurological activity, personality traits, emotional states and creativity that may help to identify multiple dimensions of individual lability. Drawing on the perspectives of lability models which emphasize an interaction between differing lability levels of random systems as a predictor of PK effects, it is suggested that successful outcomes are more likely between high levels of one system and low levels of another system. For the purposes of the three empirical studies a Random Number Generator (RNG) with different levels of Table, Pseudo and Live were employed to explore this interaction. An initial online survey consisting of measures of creative, neurological, state and Openness to Experience enabled the creation of the 71-item, 5 factor Lability Scale (LS) using factor analysis. Factors were defined as: Intuitive Cognition, Conceptual Cognition, Ego-Orientated Cognition, Emotional Interpretation and Analytical Cognition. The LS had good internal reliability and did not correlate with additional measures of anomalous experience and PK experiences, thus demonstrating face-value validity. The LS was subsequently employed in a series of three PK-RNG experiments exploring the lability interaction which incorporated a standardised design of a computerised I Ching task measured using the Q-sort method and separate group samples (N = 50). Study One included the impact of perceived stress, Study Two included the impact of the participant/research interaction, Study Three included the impact of goal-orientated striving. The primary hypothesis that levels of individual lability (Low, Medium, High) would significantly interact with Q-sort ratings of RNG system lability was not supported for all three experiments. In addition, the impact of the additional variables was non-significant. However, significant correlations were found between all of the LS factors apart from Analytical Cognition. It was also observed that there was a significant difference between lability levels between genders, with males on average having lower lability levels. In addition, a final analysis combining the individual and RNG lability data from all three studies was conducted, although there was also no significant interaction effect found between levels of individual and RNG lability. However, following the consistent lack of response from the Analytical Cognition factor it was deemed necessary to psychometrically refine the Lability Scale further. Therefore, a second factor analysis was conducted on the combined experimental data (N = 147) and the 32-item, 3 factor Revised Lability Scale was developed. Three identified factors were defined as: Creative Expression, Emotional Interpretation and Spiritual Interpretation. It was noted that the factor structure was somewhat reversed to that of the initial LS but the majority of items remained consistent. However, analysis showed that there was no interaction found between levels of individual lability and RNG lability. There were significant relationships between Creative Expression and Table RNG and Pseudo RNG lability levels. In addition, consistent difference between the genders in relation to the three factors were found with large effect sizes, with males having significantly lower levels overall. The final Discussion questioned the lack of significant findings for the lability PK-RNG interaction in relation to the complexity of the methodology and the multiple variables introduced in the empirical studies.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / Conscious sedation or moderate sedation and analgesia is an effective and popular alternative option for procedures outside the operating theater. If conscious sedation is a viable alternative to general anaesthesia then we as sedation practitioners must use safe sedation techniques in facilities that meet all the requirements for safe practice. Three studies were done to determine the safety and efficacy of conscious sedation outside the operating theatre. In the first study post sedation satisfaction in one hundred children aged 3-9 years was evaluated. It was extremely important to determine whether the combination of midazolam, ketamine and propofol, called an advanced sedation technique (SASA, 2015), can be safely used for paediatric sedation outside the operating theatre. The incidence of side-effects after conscious sedation using multiple drugs were documented. It is clear that intravenous sedation with midazolam, ketamine and propofol is safe and effective to use. There may be side effects but they are not long lasting and usually not life-threatening. In the second study intravenous sedation was administered to 447 adults (aged 18 years and older) using fentanyl (sublimazeR), ketamine (ketalar), midazolam (dormicum) and propofol (Diprivan) (FKMP) called an advanced sedation technique. Post sedation satisfaction, post sedation recovery on arrival home, and the relationship between side effects and different dental procedures were evaluated. The results of the study show that side effects are possible, and can be expected, when we use sedative and analgesic drugs for sedation. However, we report a low incidence of side effects when we compare it with other studies in literature as mentioned. It is known that the use of combinations of drugs may cause unforeseen synergistic pharmacological effects which can be lifethreatening. Our results show that the drugs used can be safely used for advanced sedation techniques. In trying to demonstrate the safety of sedative and analgesic agents used during sedation we looked at the haemodynamic parameters, duration of sedation, pulse rate and systolic blood pressure, in the third study. The sedation records of 335 patients for dental surgery were assessed for the period 2010 – 2011. Our results show the mean Duration of sedation is substantially and statistically significantly greater with combination FKMP than with the other combinations. The mean duration of sedation is not significantly different between ketamine and propofol (KP) and fentanyl, ketamine and propofol (FKP) (Figure 10). The use of polypharmacy regarding the combination of drugs, specifically FKMP, will cause a longer duration of sedation. This has implications for safety, as well as the side effect profile during and after sedation. When we use combinations of drugs patients were more comfortable which shows that we do not yet have a single drug that has all the characteristics of an ideal drug for sedation. Different combinations of drugs are used by other practitioners with a higher incidence of side effects. It is difficult to explain the higher values of blood pressures when all four drugs were used. It may have been a ketamine effect, although one would not expect this when using propofol with ketamine. In clinical terms the higher blood pressures are no reason for concern as all our patients were classified as ASA I and II. Our research study support the view that ketamine can be used safely outside the operating theatre with exciting possibilities for Third World countries for procedures outside the operating theatre. Sedation can be considered a reasonable alternative to general anaesthesia for certain surgical procedures in the Third World. Sedation will be an attractive option not only as far as costs are involved but also the availability of sedation providers. The important lesson from all the results is that sedation providers must be trained in procedural sedation as defined by all international sedation guidelines. We proved in this research study that sedation can be done safely, however we need to make a contribution to train sedation providers. Sedation will become an attractive alternative to general anaesthesia because of the low side-effect profile and high patient satisfaction. It is interesting that few studies are available that looked at this aspect of sedation. It is clear that a high side-effect profile can contribute to an unsafe sedation technique. Severe nausea and vomiting can cause numerous haemodynamic disturbances and dehydration. Our research study support the findings of the study by Lapere et al., (2015) that there is a high rate of patient satisfaction, and a low side-effect profile during and after sedation. This is an extremely important research study and the results are crucial as far as an option for healthcare in developing countries. Sub-Saharan Africa is a densely populated and resource poor subcontinent that provides unique challenges in patient care. These challenges include a lack of facilities and staff for the performance of operative as well as non-operative procedures. In conclusion, we feel that we are part of Sub-Saharan Africa with all the problems mentioned as far as provision of healthcare is concerned. This research study can make a crucial contribution to safe and cost-effective management of healthcare in Africa for procedures outside the operating theatre.

Thesis advisor: Wen Fan / Urban and community agriculture projects have long been touted as harboring the cure for a range of social maladies, even as recent findings show that many such projects mainly benefit White, already economically secure people. Drawing on interviews from participants and staff members of a community farm, I examine how this farm fits into the overall narrative surrounding community agriculture, as well as the diverse motivations participants have for joining the farm and the impacts stemming from their involvement. Results show proximity and interest to be the most frequent motivations for initial involvement, while participants noted changes in eating habits and self-perceptions from their participation. Additionally, consistent with previous literature, I identify themes regarding participants' alignment with eco-habitus and issues of accessibility for certain populations. These findings open the door for further research on the interplay between motivation and impacts, and how that is influenced by farm operations. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2021. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Departmental Honors. / Discipline: Sociology.