Logan City is located in northern Utah's Cache County. The average annual rainfall for Cache Valley is between 15 and 20 inches (PRISM 2016). Several times a year, the incomplete storm water system causes flooding, which risks industrial and agricultural lands. The current system collects storm water between 200 West and 1000 West, and discharges the water directly along 1000 West. Cutler Reservoir, Swift Slough, and the Lower Bear River in Cache Valley do not comply with water quality regulations. The Clean Water Act of 1972 mandates that all municipal separate storm sewer systems (MS4) comply with EPA regulations, expressed as Total Maximum Daily Loads (TMDLs). Logan City's untreated storm water might contribute to the pollution in these water bodies. The pollution threatens surface water, groundwater, and wildlife in the area. Logan City plans to implement a new wastewater treatment process. However, the new treatment process is not designed to use the existing polishing ponds. Consequently, Logan City hopes to use these polishing ponds to treat storm water. The implementation of this design improves storm water management. 10th West Engineers (10WE) had three goals. First, design a system to transport water form the discharge locations to the holding pond. Second, design a system that provides irrigation users access to water during a storm. Third, comply with the goals of the client: design a gravity-fed system, minimize effect on wetlands, and produce an economical design.

The purpose of this study is to understand how prehistoric people moved around the landscape and used major stone tool resources throughout the last 10,000 yr. B.P. in southern Idaho. Similar research has been reported in the Great Basin and western Wyoming and this study continues to fill the map with data about how large regions of the western United States were used prehistorically. This study specifically examined whether or not prehistoric mobility changed according to wet and dry climatic shifts. Based on these shifts archaeologists expect the regions people used to expand or shrink using an economic model of decision-making when foragers were confronted with the choice to stay in one resource area or move to another while pursuing plants and animals for food. To measure this decision prehistorically, obsidian projectile points and tools left behind throughout time were analyzed to determine where the stone originated geologically, a concept known as conveyance. The data were gathered from many regional studies and new sourcing of 139 artifacts from southeastern Idaho regional collections and excavations at the Fox Site near Thatcher, Idaho. In the compiled dataset are 4,440 artifacts from 640 archaeological sites in southern Idaho that originate from 37 obsidian sources. Analysis of this dataset grouped archaeology sites based on the percentage of different obsidian sources used, creating conveyance zone sets that were encompassed by statistically created ovals in mapping software. Four trans-Holocene conveyance zones are proposed and described: the Malad Conveyance Zone (MCZ), Timber Butte Conveyance Zone (TBCZ), Big Southern Butte Conveyance Zone (BSBCZ), and Snake River Conveyance Zone (SRCZ). These zones are then separated into four wet or dry climate periods and changes in mobility are compared to the economic decision model. Overall the MCZ and TBCZ both met the expectations of the model, while the BSBCZ and SRCZ did not. Another test of the data reveals that the number of obsidian sources used and the evenness of their use is not correlated with conveyance zone size, which helps confirm that these zones reproduce prehistoric behavior and are not a statistical product of the availability of obsidian in a region. The conveyance zones described in this study are comparable in size to those proposed in neighboring regions. Research also finds that southern Idaho conveyance zones were firmly established in the Early Holocene and shows that conveyance zones can be created from large datasets in a statistically robust manner and enable researchers to look at changes in forager mobility across large spatial and temporal scales. Expectations for forager mobility are partially supported by the variability wet and dry climate during the last 10,000 years B.P.

abstract: This dissertation reports three studies of the relationships between meanings teachers hold and meanings their students construct. The first paper reports meanings held by U.S. and Korean secondary mathematics teachers for teaching function notation. This study focuses on what teachers in U.S. and Korean are revealing their thinking from their written responses to the MMTsm (Mathematical Meanings for Teaching secondary mathematics) items, with particular attention to how productive those meanings would be if conveyed to students in a classroom setting. This paper then discusses how the MMTsm serves as a diagnostic instrument by sharing a teacher’s story. The data indicates that many teachers name rules instead of constructing representations of functions through function notation. The second paper reports the conveyance of meaning with eight Korean teachers who took the MMTsm. The data that I gathered was their responses to the MMTsm, what they said and did in the classroom lessons I observed, pre- and post-lesson interviews with them and their students. This paper focuses on the relationships between teachers’ mathematical meanings and their instructional actions as well as the relationships between teachers’ instructional actions and meanings that their students construct. The data suggests that holding productive meanings is a necessary condition to convey productive meanings to students, but not a sufficient condition. The third paper investigates the conveyance of meaning with one U.S. teacher. This study explores how a teacher’s image of student thinking influenced her instructional decisions and meanings she conveyed to students. I observed 15 lessons taught by a calculus teacher and interviewed the teacher and her students at multiple points. The results suggest that teachers must think about how students might understand their instructional actions in order to better convey what they intend to their students. The studies show a breakdown in the conveyance of meaning from teacher to student when the teacher has no image of how students might understand his or her statements and actions. This suggests that it is crucial to help teachers improve what they are capable of conveying to students and their images of what they hope to convey to future students. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Mathematics Education 2019

En el presente documento se presentará un proyecto innovador en el cual se detallarán todas y cada una de las validaciones e investigación desarrolladas a lo largo del ciclo. El proyecto CollegeTivo es una aplicación que ayudará a estudiantes a trasladarse desde cualquier sede de la universidad UPC hasta sus casas, tomando en cuenta que las rutas serán establecidas por otros estudiantes, es decir, existirán dos tipos de clientes: Los conductores y los usuarios. Los conductores se encargarán de publicar su ruta, esta debe ser desde la universidad hasta su casa o viceversa. Los usuarios serán aquellos que se acoplarán a la ruta y tendrán como punto de llegada tanto la universidad como algún punto cercano al que se dirigen. Este proyecto está desarrollado con el fin de ayudar a los estudiantes para que su trayecto de su casa al centro de estudios (universidad) o viceversa, a cualquier hora, sea la más cómoda, segura y a un precio accesible. En este caso, nos dirigiremos a aquellos alumnos que estudien y estén inscritos en la universidad UPC, que sean hombres y mujeres, que tengan y no tengan autos. En el caso del alumno con auto podría brindar y tomar el servicio. Por ahora nos estaremos centrando en la universidad UPC, debido a que queremos hacer el servicio en un solo centro universitario hasta poder contar con mayor capacidad de control y más experiencia en el mercado. / In this document an innovative project will be presented in which every one of the validations and research developed throughout the cycle will be detailed. The CollegeTivo project is an application that will help students to move from any UPC university headquarters to their homes, considering that the routes will be established by other students, that is, there will be two types of clients: Drivers and users. The drivers will be responsible for publishing their route, this must be from the university to your home or vice versa. The users will be those who will join the route and will have as a point of arrival both the university and a point close to which they are going. This project is developed in order to help students so that their journey from their home to the center of studies (university) or vice versa, at any time, is the most comfortable, safe and at an affordable price. In this case, we will address those students who study and are enrolled at UPC University, who are men and women, who have and do not have cars. In the case of the student with a car, he could offer and take the service. For now, we will be focusing on the UPC university, because we want to do the service in a single university center until we have more control capacity and more experience in the market. / Trabajo de investigación

La musique est nouée au corps humain par le vivant qu’elle y suscite ou res-suscite. Des musiciens des camps de concentration aux gamins des rues du Vénézuela, la musique, expérience individuelle d’être pour chacun, peut advenir, pour certains, comme transmission et faire lien social lorsqu’elle est émanation du féminin. Il y faut pour cela une écriture (musicale) spécifique, consistante et architecturée. / Music is tied to the human body by the life force it creates or re-creates. From concentration camp musicians to Venezuelan street urchins, music, our individual experience of being, may become for some a conveyance and encourage philanthropic empathy when it is an emanation of the feminine. This consequently necessitates specific, consistent and structuredmusical scoring.

A non-contacting steel plate conveyance system based on the linear induction motor scheme, which can provide lift and propulsive forces simultaneously, is proposed. It has the features of high power density, direct drive, simple mechanical structure, and being able to reduce the operation noise. A magnetic equivalent circuit method and electromagnetic theory incorporating with 3-D finite element analysis are involved to investigate the static and quasi-dynamic properties and confirm the electrical and mechanical designs. To realize the dynamic behavior and develop the closed-loop control, a proper stationary reference frame transformation of the system voltage equations is also introduced. By considering the practical operational environment, a fuzzy-based control structure integrated with remote optical measurement system has been established and implemented by a DSP-based controller combined with required peripheral circuits. The experimental results show the applicability of such control strategies. With the systematic procedures for design, analysis, and control provided in this dissertation, implementation feasibility of the proposed system can be conveniently demonstrated.

This paper presents the results of a study on the effectiveness of porous overlays on urban highways. Permeable Friction Course (PFC) is a layer of porous asphalt applied to the top of conventional asphalt highways at a thickness of around 50 mm. PFC is often installed for safety and noise benefits, and is being seen as an emerging technology for meeting environmental requirements for stormwater discharge. The first objective of the study was to determine the impact of porous asphalt on the quality of stormwater runoff on highways with a curb and gutter drainage system. The quality of highway stormwater runoff was monitored before and after the installation of PFC on an eight-lane divided highway in the Austin, Texas area for 2 years. Observed concentrations of total suspended solids from PFC are 92% lower than those in runoff from the conventional pavement. Concentration reductions are also observed for nitrate/nitrite and total amounts of phosphorus, copper, lead, and zinc. The data shows that the results with curb and gutter are consistent with past results where runoff sheet flowed onto vegetated shoulders. The effect of two different binder compositions is also compared, showing an increase in zinc when recycled rubber is used. The second objective focuses on the drainage capabilities of PFC. While porous overlays can reduce stormwater accumulation on roadways, capacity at high rainfall intensities is limited. Installing subgrade underdrains within PFC could further improve stormwater conveyance. This research attempts to model the hydraulic profile of runoff as it approaches an underdrain with varying flow rates and grades. The results could assist TxDOT in the sizing and configuration of drains based on rainfall intensity and roadway geometry. / text

L'étude a pour objet de montrer les différentes manières dont le mécanisme translatif peut être envisagé. En droit allemand, les aspects ressortissant du droit des biens sont ainsi extraits du contrat créateur d'obligations pour s'ordonner autour de l'exécution de celui-ci, laquelle prend la forme d'une convention translative. Le potentiel de la convention translative allemande peut inviter à penser une nouvelle modélisation du transfert en droit français, qui aurait le mérite de rationaliser une problématique hantée par le « mythe» de l'obligation de donner. Lorsqu'aux deux phases de conclusion et d'exécution du contrat correspondent deux actes juridiques distincts, la question se pose de leurs rapports. C'est sur ce point que l'originalité du droit allemand est connue: en vertu du principe d'abstraction, la validité de l'acte translatif est indépendante de celle du contrat. La portée de ce principe n'est cependant pas toujours appréciée à sa juste mesure. Elle doit en effet être relativisée dans le rapport entre les parties, où la logique causale du transfert, plus intuitive, semble s'imposer d'elle-même. Dans les rapports avec les tiers, le principe d'abstraction permet de légitimer des choix de politique juridique que n'a pas fait le droit français, fidèle à la logique du transfert causal. La confrontation des deux systèmes de transfert permettra ainsi de comprendre leurs tenants et aboutissants respectifs, afin que chacun puisse évaluer l'intérêt de l'un ou l'autre des modes de transfert. La coexistence effective de différents modèles de transfert n'est pas sans poser des problèmes dans le commerce international, ce qui implique de réfléchir à leur coordination. / The study aims to show the ways in which the conveyance mechanism can be envisaged. Under German law, the national aspects of property law are thus extracted from the creator of contract obligations to be ordered around the execution thereof, which takes the form of a translational convention. The potential of the German conveyancing convention may invite suggests a new model of transfer French law, which would have the advantage of streamlining problematic haunted by the "myth" of the obligation to give. Where, two phases conclusion and execution of the contract correspond to two separate legal acts, the question arises of their reports. It is on this point that the original German law is known: under the principle of abstraction, the validity of the deed is independent of the contract. The scope of this principle, however, is not always appreciated at its true value. It must indeed be relativized in the relationship between the parties, where the causal logic of the transfer, more intuitive, seems to impose itself. In dealing with third parties, the principle of abstraction allows legitimize choice of legal policy that did not French law, faithful to the logic of causal transfer. The confrontation of the two transfer systems will thus understand their ins and outs respectively, so that everyone can evaluate the interest of one or the other transfer modes. The effective coexistence of different models of transfer is not without problems in international trade, which involves reflecting on their coordination.

This qualitative study has examined how Sigtuna with its local businesses works to create a united destination image and what challenges that arise in this creation. The methodological approach to collect data consists of qualitative interviews and text and image analyzes. There have been seven interviews with local businesses operating in Sigtuna and they are included in the same network. Analyzes of websites and social media, such as Facebook and Instagram, as well as videos identified as important in the process of communicating the Sigtuna image have been performed. Three theories have been applied in the study to explain what destination image includes as well as significant factors in the creation of image, networking between companies and how image can be conveyed. The results has shown that there are some improvement areas for the destination's common creation of an image. The areas that need to be developed primarily are communication between businesses and the follow up of its common goals. The presentation of the image is mainly through social media, where the historical aspects are presented as an important part of Sigtuna's image. The results also shows that there are challenges and the greatest challenge for the destination is to find a common approach that all business will work towards. / Denna kvalitativa studie har undersökt hur Sigtuna med aktörer arbetar för att skapa en gemensam destinationsimage samt vilka utmaningar som uppstår i detta skapande. De metodologiska tillvägagångssätten för att samla in data är kvalitativa intervjuer samt text- och bildanalyser. Det har genomförts sju intervjuer med aktörer som är verksamma i Sigtuna och ingår i samma nätverk. Analyser av hemsidor och sociala medier, såsom Facebook och Instagram samt videoklipp som utsetts som viktiga i arbetet att förmedla Sigtunas image har utförts. Tre teorier har tillämpats i studien för att förklara vad destinationsimage innefattar samt betydande faktorer i skapandet av image, nätverk mellan företag och hur image kan förmedlas. Resultatet har visat att det finns en del förbättringsområden för destinationens gemensamma skapande av en image. De områden som främst behöver utvecklas är kommunikationen mellan aktörerna samt uppföljningen av dess gemensamma mål. Förmedlingen av image sker främst genom sociala medier där de historiska aspekterna presenteras som en viktig del av Sigtunas image. Resultatet visar även att det finns utmaningar och den största utmaningen för destinationen är att hitta ett gemensamt förhållningssätt som samtliga aktörer ska arbeta utefter.

El objetivo del presente trabajo de investigación es desarrollar la propuesta de valor de Forcebike. El cuál consiste en la conversión de bicicletas convencionales a bicicletas dúo, ofreciendo así una alternativa de medio de transporte más económico, ecológico y beneficioso para la salud del cliente. Para ello, se desarrollaron los siguientes planes. Primero, el estratégico donde se analiza la industria de bicicletas y se identifica el segmento de clientes. Segundo, el de marketing donde se explica el valor diferencial y las estrategias que utilizará Forcebike para captar a sus clientes. Tercero, el plan de operaciones y recursos humanos donde se identifica los procesos claves del negocio y se define la estructura de la organización. Cuarto, se determina el monto de inversión, se analizan y evalúan los resultados del plan financiero y económico para determinar la rentabilidad del proyecto. En la investigación, se utiliza la metodología cualitativa: entrevistas de profundidad a personas que tiene bicicletas convencionales. Finalmente, los resultados de la investigación indican que el 83% de los entrevistados tiene interés en usar el servicio de conversión, la inversión inicial es de S/87,805, no se requiere de financiamiento externo y se calculó una VAN de S/1´971,596 con lo cual se concluye que Forcebike es una oportunidad de negocio viable y rentable. / This research work aims to evaluate the business plan of FORCEBIKE Company. It is about the conversion of a conventional bike to a hybrid bike, in this way, it will offer an alternative of an economic and ecological transport, and provides health benefits. To that end, these plans were developed. Firstly, a strategic plan, which examines bike industry and identify the customer segment. Secondly, a marketing plan, which explains the differential value and the strategies will be used by Forcebike to attract customers. Thirdly, an operational plan and human resources, which identifies the key business processes and defines the organizational structure. Fourthly, the amount of investment is determined, it analyse and evaluate the financial and economic plan results to get the project's profitability.  In this research, qualitative methodology is used: in-depth interviewees who have conventional bikes. Finally, the results of this research show that 83% of the interviewees agreed to use conversion service, the initial investment is S/87,805, it do not require external financing and a S/1´971,596 VAN was calculated. From this, it is concluded Forcebike is a viable and profitable business opportunity. / Trabajo de investigación