An understanding of the total blood supply of malignant tumours is of fundamental importance not only to the surgeon interested in chemotherapy, but also to the radiotherapist and the medical oncologist. This is because the effect of cancericidal agents depends to a great extent upon the amount of agent delivered directly to the tumour cells within the tumour. [...]

The accuracy of measurements of pulmonary compliance in mitral stenosis has been questioned. The values have varied from normal to very low, and there has been a poor correlation between compliance measurements and pulmonary hemodynamics. It has been thought that the large heart may press on the esophagus and cause an artifact in the esophageal pressures. [...]

Early in 1965, a series of patients underwent cardiopulmonary bypass for valve replacement (table 1). Prior to this time, there had been no undue incidence of cerebral complications associated with this procedure. However, the first four of these patients demonstrated severe brain damage with status epilepticus when anasthesia was reversed. All but the last case expired shortly thereafter. [...]

Gastric secretion has been studied by many investigators since the pioneer days of Pavlov. The control and regulation of gastric secretiob has been the subject of intense study. The results of previous work have shown that the gastric glands are controlled by a variety of regulating mechanisms. The main features being the nervous control by parasympathetic nervous system, the mechanical and hormonal factors in the stomach itself. [...]

Cancer of the stomach is the most frequent of all malignant growths. Livingston and Pack in 1939 (121) have stated: "There are more deaths from cancer of the stomach than from all malignant tumors of lip, tongue, cheek, tonsil, pharynx, larynx, salivary glands, thyroid, male and female breast, ovary, uterine cervix and corpus uteri combined." [...]

The anatomic features of the adrenal cortex of the fetus and the newborn infant have long been known to differ strikingly from those of the adult. Morphological studies have demonstrated that the fetal adrenal cortex grows very rapidly during the last trimester of intra-uterine life, a period during which fetal growth proceeds at a maximum rate. [...]

Present concepts of electrolyte and water metabolism, and the influence of the adrenal cortex on these important constituents of the body, have their origin in three main areas of observation: in the study of water metabolism, in the study of electrolyte metabolism, and in the study of the function of the adrenal cortex. [...]

The word "allergy" was first used by Von Pirquet (1) to describe "changed or altered reactivity" to various agents and included immunity as well as hypersensitivity. To-day, however, it is used most often as a synonym of hypersensitivity. (2) and is defined by Sherman and Kessler (3) as "a general term to include all of the phenomena of specific sensitization believed to be mediated by an antigen-antibody mechanism. Certain clinical forms of allergy, like hay fever and asthma, seem to be determined partly by hereditary influences and for these Coca and Cooke (10) in 1923, proposed the word "atopy" (from the Greek meaning out of place, strange) and the word “atopens” to describe the antigens able to produce such diseases.

The common occurrence of coronary artery disease in man has led to considerable research concerning the problem of the ischemic myocardium. Many operative procedures have been developed, some of which have been used clinically. However, in contrast to the great advances in other aspects of cardiac surgery, such as congenital heart disease and chronic valvular disease, ischemic heart disease remains in an area in which progress has been slow. At the experimental level, one of the major problems is the assessment of revascularization procedures.(19) Even if some operative procedure can be developed in the experimental animal which is reasonably safe, one is still reluctant to offer this to the patient unless there is sufficient proof that it is likely to be beneficial to him.

Coronary sinus ligation was first performed by Gross, Blum and Silverman around 1935. Beck's work exploited the idea of blood redistribution and popularized this procedure. Vineberg, working with the principle that bringing new blood to the heart was more important, developed the Ivalon sponge operation. In this experimental study, an attempt was made to show if the combination of these two principles might add benefit to each individual revascularization procedure. Secondly, some details of the Ivalon sponge operation were evaluated.