In this dissertation, a high-frequency (HF) transformer isolated grid-connected power converter system with battery backup function is proposed for a small-scale wind generation system (less than 100 kW) using permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). The system includes a main HF isolated DC/AC grid-connected converter and a bidirectional HF isolated DC/DC converter. Through literature survey and some comparative studies, a HF isolated DC/DC converter followed by a line connected inverter (LCI) is chosen as the grid-connected scheme. After reviewing several topologies which were used in such a DC/AC converter with an unfolding stage, a DC/AC grid-connected converter based on dual- bridge LCL-type resonant topology is proposed. Through the control of the phase- shift angle between the two bridges, a rectified sinusoidal dc link current can be modulated, which in turn can be unfolded by the LCI. This converter is analyzed with Fourier series analysis approach. It is shown that all switches in both bridges can work in zero-voltage switching (ZVS) at any phase-shift and load conditions. The redundancy of the dual-bridge structure make it easy to accommodate higher power flow. A design example of a 500 W converter is given and simulated. A prototype is built and tested in the lab to validate its performance. The simulation and experimental results show a reasonable match to the theoretical analysis. The expansion to three-phase grid-connection is discussed with phase-shifted parallel operation of three identical units. Input and output current harmonics of different arrangements are analyzed to search for the best choice. As the feature of a hybrid wind generation application, the battery backup function is fulfilled with a bidirectional HF transformer isolated DC/DC converter. This dual-bridge series resonant converter (DBSRC) is analyzed with two ac equivalent circuit approaches for resistive load and battery load respectively, which give same results. Soft-switching is achieved for all switches on both sides of the HF transformer. Test plots obtained from simulation and experiment are included for validation.

The purpose of my study was to explore the experiences of senior island high school students and their participation in extracurricular activities. I investigated a rural island high school, located on the west coast of Canada, by conducting interviews of senior high school students to reveal their experiences with extracurricular activities available at the school. Using a qualitative case-study design, I provide recommendations for improving access to extracurricular activities. My results support literature finding that voluntary participation in extracurricular activities positively affects student academic standing, and that recognized school excellence improves student culture. I also found that organizational efforts and transparency in programming are needed to entice nonparticipants to become involved. Through comparative reflective analysis, I determined that word-of-mouth was a primary source of extracurricular promotion; however, this was found to create tiers of social groups, which in turn prevented access to the extracurriculum. Participants also indicated that a longer timetabled school day was a barrier to participation, and that active community volunteering efforts in the operation and offering of extracurricular activities were limited. My research is aimed at enabling educational practitioners to improve access to extracurricular activities in an island high school environment. / Graduate

Chicken dark meat has been considered as a major underutilized commodity due to the increasing demand for further processed breast meat products. Alkali aided protein extraction is an option to increase the utilization of chicken dark meat. First, the effect of pH (10.5-12.0) on alkaline extraction of chicken dark meat has been studied, and protein yield, composition, color, and TBARs of the extracted meat have been determined. Second, textural and rheological properties and water holding capacity (WHC) of alkali extracted chicken dark meat have been evaluated. The highest protein yield (94.2%) was obtained at pH 12.0. Lipid content of the extracted meat decreased by 50% compared to chicken dark meat. WHC, hardness and chewiness of extracted meat were greater at higher pH. The gel from recovered meat with added cryoprotectants showed more stability. This process may offer the possibility to use the underutilized poultry resources for preparation of functional foods. / Food Science and Technology

At present, there is a general lack of information regarding the spatial genetic architecture and genetic diversity of estuarine and coastal freshwater fish in Australia or about the interacting intrinsic, extrinsic and historical influences responsible for sculpting these patterns. This thesis represented the first investigation of the phylogeographic structure and recent evolutionary histories of teleost fishes from the coastal and estuarine environments of south-western Australia, using the resolution afforded by mtDNA sequence data. Available evidence indicated that, to different degrees, these species have limited potential for dispersal amongst local assemblages from different water bodies. As this theoretically reduces the confounding effects of recent gene flow on extant genetic structure, these fishes were well suited to studying the influences of historical factors. Historical influences were expected to be particularly profound, given that these coastal environments underwent massive modifications during Late Quaternary eustatic fluctuations. The thesis consists of four major components, which explored different aspects of interspecific and intraspecific phylogeny and p hylogeograp hy of three teleost species, based on mtDNA control region and cytochrome b fragments. First, the relationship between the endemic, 'strictly estuarine' Leptatherina wallacei (Atherinidae) and the more widespread, 'estuarine & marine' 6. presbyteroides was examined, with a view to establishing whether 6. wallacei represents a monophyletic or polyphyletic lineage and whether this species was derived recently (i.e. in Holocene estuaries). Second, the phylogeographic structure and genetic diversity of L. wallacei were investigated and compared with data from L. presbyteroides, with a view to using this information to interpret the recent evolutionary histories of each congener. Third, the divergence between assemblages of L. wallacei inhabiting two isolated coastal lakes was used to estimate a maximal substitution rate for the control region, which was then used to infer general time frames for the divergence between the two Leptatherina species and between the major phylogeographic partitions within each species. Fourth, investigations were initiated into phylogeographic patterns and levels of genetic diversity within and among assemblages of Pseudogobius olorum (Gobiidae) from several coastal lakes and an estuary. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that the two Leptatherina species were characterised by exclusive and reciprocally-monophyletic lineages of haplotypes from both mtDNA regions, supporting the monophyletic origins of L. wallacei. Both 6. wallacei and 6. presbyteroides exhibited high levels of genetic diversity and extensive overall subdivision (e.g. Qsr = 0.691 & 0.644 respectively for control region data). There was a profound phylogeographic break in both species between all conspecific assemblages from the lower west coast (LWC phylogroup) and all those from the south coast (SC phylogroup), which suggested the influences of shared extrinsic and/or historical factors. There was limited genetic structuring within the two major phylogroups of either Leptatherina species, apparently reflecting recent connectivity amongst local assemblages, with subsequent fragmentation and insufficient time for lineage sorting. However, two major phylogeographic breaks distinguished monophyletic control region phylogroups of L. wallacei from the isolated coastal Lake Clifton and Lake Walyungup, consistent with their independent evolution following lacustrine entrapment during the Holocene. The divergence between these two isolated lacustrine assemblages of Leptatherina wallaceiformed the basis for an estimate of the maximal substitution rate of the control region. While these data were unable to provide a precise estimate of the actual rate of molecular evolution, all the evidence suggested that it was proceeding very rapidly. The maximal rate estimate of 172.3% lineage-' MY-' was among the fastest ever reported. Based on this rate, the two Leptatherina species diverged at least 1 SKya, thus rejecting a Holocene origin for L. wallacei. The divergence between the LWC and SC phylogroups of L. wallacei has been ongoing for at least GKya, while the equivalent divergence in L. presbyteroides has been ongoing for at least 11 Kya. As the time frames of these divergences were consistent with periods of massive environmental modifications associated with the end-Pleistocene fall in sea level and the HMT, it was likely that these factors have played important roles in sculpting the species' divergence and intra-specific genetic structure. Although useful in temporally scaling genetic divergences within and between the two Leptatherina species, wider application of this rate estimate to questions regarding other taxa was limited. For example, evident rate heterogeneity between the genera precluded its use with even the relatively closely-related atherinid Atherinosoma elongafa. Phylogeographic analyses identified high levels of genetic diversity and extensive genetic subdivision (e.g. st = 0.652 for control region) amongst an estuarine and several lacustrine assemblages of Pseudogobius olorum, although phylogeographic structure was shallower than in either Leptatherina species. There was increased divergence between three assemblages from the lower west coast and two from the south coast, consistent with the profound break evident in the Leptatherina. One lacustrine assemblage appeared to represent a distinct lineage and a preliminary maximal rate estimate (~61.4% lineage-1 MY-1) was calculated based on the minimum divergence of this assemblage from its nearest conspecifics. Although slower than the rate calculated for L. wallacei, this was still high for teleost fishes. Overall, this study indicated that historical environmental factors, especially those related to Quaternary eustatic changes, have played important roles in sculpting the phylogeography and evolution of three teleost species from south-western Australia. Moreover, as these species have differential dependencies on estuarine environments (is. 'strictly estuarine' vs 'estuarine & marine') and represented two different taxonomic groups (i.e. Atherinoidei & Gobioidei), historical environmental factors may have exerted similar influences on other coastal species in the region.

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Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-17T14:49:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1406950 bytes, checksum: 472128b6e2562a361983cf99a4e50d11 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-13 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.), oleaginous plant from Euphorbiaceae Family, is a source of protein, little explored in this way, because the presence of antinutritional and toxic factors make the culture unattractive for this purpose. The aim of this study was to characterize the protein fraction of the jatropha almond on the nutritional aspects, functional and physicochemical properties, thus enabling to establish their potential use as functional ingredients in food manufactured products. Almond showed high lipid content (41.98%) and protein (24.06%) and after defatted, presented 1.02% and 51.66% respectively. To obtain the isolated protein, almonds defatted protein were extracted at pH 7.2 and 10.0 and isoelectric precipitation at pH 4.0, 4.5, 5.0 and 5.5, being observed more pronounced yield at pH 10.0, with precipitation at pH 4.0. In these same pH index were obtained two isolated protein (IP10.0 e IP7.2), which were subjected to analysis of functional properties, such as solubility, absorption capacity for water and oil and emulsifying capacity. The isolates showed higher solubilities at pH 10, and minimum around the isoelectric point. The two isolates exhibited high absorption capacities of water and oil, and good emulsifying capacity for application in bakery products, and meat sauces. The thermal properties of the protein isolates and fractions were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and it was observed that the IP10.0 showed better thermal stability, as well as globulins, albumins compared. The results of this study indicate that the isolated protein obtained from jatropha almonds can not be inserted in the feed composition due to the presence of phorbol esters. Therefore, new experiments must involve processes aimed at removal of toxic and antinutritional factors. / O pinhão manso (Jatropha curcas L.), oleaginosa da família Euphorbiaceae, constitui fonte de proteínas, pouco explorado nesse sentido, pois a presença de fatores antinutricionais e tóxicos tornam a cultura pouco atraente para essa finalidade. O objetivo desse trabalho foi caracterizar a fração proteica da amêndoa do pinhão manso sobre os aspectos nutricionais, funcionais e propriedades físico-químicas, possibilitando dessa forma estabelecer seu potencial de utilização como ingrediente funcional de produtos alimentícios manufaturados. A amêndoa apresentou elevado conteúdo de lipídio (41,98%) e proteína (24,06%) e após desengordurada, apresentou teores de 1,02% e 51,66% respectivamente. Para obtenção dos isolados proteicos, as amêndoas desengorduradas foram submetidas à extração proteica em pH 7,2 e 10,0 e precipitação isoelétrica em pH 4,0, 4,5, 5,0 e 5,5, sendo observado rendimento mais pronunciado no pH 10,0, com precipitação em pH 4,0. Nesses mesmos índices de pH obteve-se dois isolados proteicos (IP10,0 e IP7,2), os quais foram submetidos a análises das propriedades funcionais, como solubilidade, capacidade de absorção de água e de óleo e capacidade de emulsificação. Os isolados apresentaram solubilidades superiores em pH 10, e mínimas em torno do ponto isoelétrico. Os dois isolados exibiram elevadas capacidades de absorção de água e de óleo, e boa capacidade de emulsificação para aplicação em produtos de panificação, cárneos e molhos. As propriedades térmicas dos isolados proteicos e frações foram estudadas por Calorimetria Exploratória Diferencial (DSC), e observou-se que o IP10,0 apresentou melhor estabilidade térmica, assim como as globulinas, em relação as albuminas. Os resultados do presente estudo indicam que os isolados proteicos obtidos de amêndoas do pinhão manso não podem ser inseridos na composição de alimentos devido à presença dos ésteres de forbol. Portanto, novos experimentos devem envolver processamentos que visem à retirada dos fatores antinutricionais e tóxicos.

Esta dissertação tem como objeto de estudo as avaliações e o ensino dos saberes elementares matemáticos nas escolas isoladas de Porto Alegre, entre os anos de 1873 e 1919. Para tanto, foram analisados regulamentos e regimentos relativos à Instrução Pública, com o intuito de apresentar as escolas isoladas na organização do ensino público do RS. Buscou-se, também, descrever as avaliações destas escolas, procurando identificar os agentes envolvidos nos rituais anuais e, a partir do estudo das atas dos exames, identificar os saberes matemáticos exigidos em tais ocasiões, bem como entender o resultado final, no que se refere ao desempenho dos alunos. Pretendeu-se, ainda, através da análise dos programas de ensino de Aritmética, Geometria e Desenho e do estudo dos livros adotados nas escolas, identificar os saberes matemáticos priorizados no ensino em tais estabelecimentos. Para a condução dos objetivos, a pesquisa buscou se amparar na História Cultural e dialogar com estudiosos da história da educação, história das disciplinas escolares e da história da educação matemática, bem como pesquisadores que tratam de objetos relacionados à cultura escolar, às avaliações escolares e ao livro escolar. No que se refere aos saberes elementares matemáticos, é que a apreciação exclusiva dos programas do período indicaria que o ensino e, consequentemente, as avaliações inclinavam-se a atender o elenco de conteúdos prescritos para Aritmética, Geometria e Desenho. No entanto, apesar da maneira concisa com que descrevem os conteúdos avaliados, as atas reforçaram três aspectos: os registros ressaltaram a Aritmética como o saber priorizado nas avaliações anuais, a ausência de referências ao Desenho nas avaliações e, por fim, as poucas vezes em que a Geometria foi indicada. / The object of study of this work is the evaluations and teaching of elementary mathematical knowledge in isolated schools in Porto Alegre, between 1873 and 1919. Regulations and regiments related to Public Instruction were analyzed in order to present the isolated schools in the public education of Rio Grande do Sul state. It attempts to also describe the evaluation methods of these schools, trying to identify the agents involved in the annual rituals and, from the study of the minutes of the exams, to identify the mathematical knowledge required for such occasions as well as understand the final result on the student performance. It was also intended, by analyzing the teaching programs of Arithmetic, Geometry and Drawing and by studying the books adopted by the schools, to identify the mathematical knowledge priorities in such institutions. For the conduction of this work, the research tried to be supported by the Cultural History and to dialogue with academics of the history of education, history of school classes and the history of mathematics education, and researchers dealing with objects related to the school culture, the school reviews and the textbook. Regarding the elementary mathematical knowledge, the exclusive reviews of such programs indicates that the teaching and, consequently, the ratings, was focused on the list of contents for Arithmetic, Geometry and Drawing. However, despite the short manner that the contents were evaluated, the minutes reinforced three aspects: the records highlighted the Arithmetic as the priority of the annual evaluations, the absence of references for the Drawing reviews and, finally, the few times the Geometry was mentioned.

Cette thèse se situe dans le cadre de l'étude des réseaux faiblement interconnectés (puissance échangée limitée)ou isolés, alimentés principalement par des sources d'origine renouvelable. Afin d'équilibrer à chaque instant la production et la consommation, des groupes électrogènes ou des systèmes de stockage sont insérés. Les travaux portent sur deux grands objectifs. Le premier est de déterminer un mode de fonctionnement des moyens de stockage et de production afin d'exploiter le système à coût minimal en fonction des conditions météorologiques (prévision de la production renouvelable), tarifaires et de la consommation. Une seconde méthode d'optimisation est développée, prenant compte également les contraintes du réseau. Le deuxième objectif est la détermination de la meilleure localisation des moyens de stockage et de production sur le réseau. Une installation optimale permet de réduire les pertes en ligne, d'améliorer la qualité de la tension et ainsi de limiter le renforcement du le réseau aux points critiques. Le concept de stockage réparti (ou décentralisé) est introduit. La répartition de la capacité globale de stockage et le choix des paramètres de fonctionnement des onduleurs (pour répartir les appels de puissance) sont proposés. La simulation d'un cas d'application (réseau de Corse) permet de valider les outils développés. / This thesis concern isolated or weakly interconnected networks (limited power exchanged), powered essentially by renewable sources. To balance at any time between production and consumption, generators and storage systems are inserted.The work will focus on two main objectives. The first is to determine an operation mode of the generators and storage system at minimal cost depending on the weather (forecast of renewable generation), pricing and consumption. Optimization with network constraint is also developed. The second objective is to find the best places to install these resources on the network. A good location helps reduce line losses and improve voltage quality, which helps limit to reinforce the network at critical points. The concept of distributed storage (or decentralized) is introduced. The distribution of the overall storage capacity and choice of operating parameters of the inverters (to share the demanded power) are proposed. The simulations on an application case help to validate the developed tools.

Esta dissertação tem como objeto de estudo as avaliações e o ensino dos saberes elementares matemáticos nas escolas isoladas de Porto Alegre, entre os anos de 1873 e 1919. Para tanto, foram analisados regulamentos e regimentos relativos à Instrução Pública, com o intuito de apresentar as escolas isoladas na organização do ensino público do RS. Buscou-se, também, descrever as avaliações destas escolas, procurando identificar os agentes envolvidos nos rituais anuais e, a partir do estudo das atas dos exames, identificar os saberes matemáticos exigidos em tais ocasiões, bem como entender o resultado final, no que se refere ao desempenho dos alunos. Pretendeu-se, ainda, através da análise dos programas de ensino de Aritmética, Geometria e Desenho e do estudo dos livros adotados nas escolas, identificar os saberes matemáticos priorizados no ensino em tais estabelecimentos. Para a condução dos objetivos, a pesquisa buscou se amparar na História Cultural e dialogar com estudiosos da história da educação, história das disciplinas escolares e da história da educação matemática, bem como pesquisadores que tratam de objetos relacionados à cultura escolar, às avaliações escolares e ao livro escolar. No que se refere aos saberes elementares matemáticos, é que a apreciação exclusiva dos programas do período indicaria que o ensino e, consequentemente, as avaliações inclinavam-se a atender o elenco de conteúdos prescritos para Aritmética, Geometria e Desenho. No entanto, apesar da maneira concisa com que descrevem os conteúdos avaliados, as atas reforçaram três aspectos: os registros ressaltaram a Aritmética como o saber priorizado nas avaliações anuais, a ausência de referências ao Desenho nas avaliações e, por fim, as poucas vezes em que a Geometria foi indicada. / The object of study of this work is the evaluations and teaching of elementary mathematical knowledge in isolated schools in Porto Alegre, between 1873 and 1919. Regulations and regiments related to Public Instruction were analyzed in order to present the isolated schools in the public education of Rio Grande do Sul state. It attempts to also describe the evaluation methods of these schools, trying to identify the agents involved in the annual rituals and, from the study of the minutes of the exams, to identify the mathematical knowledge required for such occasions as well as understand the final result on the student performance. It was also intended, by analyzing the teaching programs of Arithmetic, Geometry and Drawing and by studying the books adopted by the schools, to identify the mathematical knowledge priorities in such institutions. For the conduction of this work, the research tried to be supported by the Cultural History and to dialogue with academics of the history of education, history of school classes and the history of mathematics education, and researchers dealing with objects related to the school culture, the school reviews and the textbook. Regarding the elementary mathematical knowledge, the exclusive reviews of such programs indicates that the teaching and, consequently, the ratings, was focused on the list of contents for Arithmetic, Geometry and Drawing. However, despite the short manner that the contents were evaluated, the minutes reinforced three aspects: the records highlighted the Arithmetic as the priority of the annual evaluations, the absence of references for the Drawing reviews and, finally, the few times the Geometry was mentioned.

Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Simona Rudišarová Supervisor: PharmDr. Marie Vopršalová, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: The effect of quercetin metabolite on the rat isolated arteries This study is focused on the research of the effects of flavonol quercetin and its selected metabolites (3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid and 3-hydroxybenzoic acid) on blood vessels in vitro. A standardized method of an isolated rat aorta was used. The aim of this study was to find out how substances act on the isolated aorta and if the effect of the effective metabolite is dependent on the presence of the endothelium in the vessel. After precontracting with noradrenaline, individual concentrations of the test substances were added to the aortic ring bath (final concentrations in the bath ranging from 10-7 to 10-3 M). From the measured values EC50 values (quercetin = 3,63 . 10-5 M, 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid = 3,21 . 10-6 M, 3-hydroxybenzoic acid = 4,38 . 10-5 M) were obtained and the corresponding DRC curves were constructed using S.P.E.L. Advanced Kymograph Software. The experiment was performed once again with quercetin and 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid on the endothelium-denuded vessel. According to the results is...