Submitted by Helena Bejio (helena.bejio@unioeste.br) on 2018-11-26T23:14:04Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Gislaine Bergamo dos Santos-20-09-2018.pdf: 1692287 bytes, checksum: 07502bdbb6bd3f710e8589a6bcb557ca (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-26T23:14:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Gislaine Bergamo dos Santos-20-09-2018.pdf: 1692287 bytes, checksum: 07502bdbb6bd3f710e8589a6bcb557ca (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-09-20 / This research reveals the risks of pesticides and GMOs used in Lines are José e Souza Naves, rural communities located in the West of Paraná. The objective of this study was to diagnose the use of agrochemicals and GMOs, and studying the farmers ' perception about the risks of your use. The methodology used was qualiquantitative, by means of a semi-structured form, applied to all residents of two rural communities of the municipality of four bridges-PR, representing a 74 sample farmers. The results showed that farmers in your entirety, used in agricultural production: glyphosate, Paraquat, 2.4 D, high toxicity pesticides the human body and high danger for the environment. In relation to the time of exposure to pesticides 81% of farmers are between 15 to 25 years. It was noticed that 59% of cases declared occurrence of changes in the body, including behavioural changes; 53% seek attendance by the health plan; 93% made acquisition of pesticides and transgenic seeds in cooperatives. It is concluded that the pesticides and GMOs are a threat to the sustainability of rural development, by affecting the health of farmers and the environmental balance. Emphasized the need to expand public and private policies on environmental education and care for people and the environment. Indicates need for adequacy of the public health services, encouraging disease prevention and the improvement of the medical diagnosis and nursing routines. / A presente pesquisa revela os riscos dos agrotóxicos e transgênicos utilizados nas Linhas São José e Souza Naves, comunidades rurais localizadas no Oeste do Paraná. O objetivo do trabalho foi diagnosticar o uso de agrotóxicos e transgênicos, e, estudar a percepção dos agricultores sobre os riscos de sua utilização. A metodologia utilizada foi quali-quantitativa, através da aplicação de um formulário semi-estruturado, aplicado em todos os moradores de duas comunidades rurais do Município de Quatro Pontes-PR, representando uma amostra de 74 agricultores. Os resultados evidenciaram que os agricultores, na sua totalidade, utilizavam na produção agrícola: Glifosato, Paraquat, 2,4 D, agrotóxicos de alta toxicidade ao organismo humano e alta periculosidade ao meio ambiente. Em relação ao tempo de exposição aos agrotóxicos 81% dos agricultores estão entre 15 a 25 anos expostos. Percebeu-se que 59% dos casos declararam ocorrência de alterações no organismo, incluindo mudanças comportamentais; 53% buscam atendimento pelo plano de saúde; 93% fizeram aquisição de agrotóxicos e sementes transgênicas em cooperativas. Conclui-se que os agrotóxicos e transgênicos são uma ameaça para a sustentabilidade do desenvolvimento rural, por afetar a saúde dos agricultores e o equilíbrio ambiental. Ressalta-se a necessidade de ampliar as políticas públicas e privadas de educação ambiental e de cuidado das pessoas e do ambiente. Indica-se necessidade de adequação dos serviços de saúde pública, estimulando a prevenção de doenças e a melhoria do diagnóstico médico e rotinas de enfermagem.

This study focuses on rural livelihood diversification and improvement in dry districts of Zimbabwe during the period from 2000 to 2010. It establishes and documents livelihood activities and interventions in three semi-arid districts in Zimbabwe, analyses evidence for rural livelihood diversification and improvement and related challenges, and analyses institutional and policy issues that determine rural livelihood development in the politically charged period from 2000 to 2010. Rural livelihood diversification and improvement is not a recent phenomenon. For years, rural people have diversified their livelihoods for different economic reasons. Despite several studies on rural livelihoods in Zimbabwe, no similar studies have been done to determine the types of livelihood diversification that occur in a politically charged environment and whether they improve people‟s livelihoods. The study was guided by both the sustainable livelihoods framework and the actor oriented approach. Qualitative methodology was used for the overall data collection. Firstly data was collected „from the top‟ through in-depth interviews with officials from government institutions, non-governmental organisations and community leadership structures. Secondly data was collected „from the bottom up‟ through selected participatory methods in study areas. The overall study findings show that despite having increased livelihood interventions in all semi-arid areas, the politically fraught atmosphere constrained livelihood improvement and poverty remained. Although evidence for livelihood diversification is undisputed in the study, the extent to which it contributed to livelihood improvement was limited. The extended period of political constraint reversed some of the livelihood improvement gains recorded by external interventions. As most of the support was targeted at addressing the immediate food needs of the poor in semi-arid districts, this affected the number of long-term interventions targeted at sustainable livelihood development. The study found that the changing policies and institutional arrangements constrained and limited the potential of some of the livelihood strategies adopted during the period under study and as a result most livelihood activities were limited to survival strategies. The study shows that despite a decline in agricultural production during the period under study, it remained the major livelihood activity. Agricultural activities such as cotton and maize production and livestock rearing experienced a decline, but were partially revived through external support from both the government and nongovernmental organisations. Agriculture as a livelihood activity largely benefited from external interventions that rehabilitated irrigation infrastructure and the provision of agricultural inputs during the period. However, despite the dominance of agriculture as a livelihood activity in semi-arid areas non-farm livelihood activities, both locally initiated and externally fostered, played a significant role in supporting rural livelihoods. Poaching and wild fruit harvesting provided food for immediate consumption, whilst gold and diamond panning, wood carving and the commercialisation of non-timber forest products generated cash income for rural livelihoods. Non-farm external livelihood interventions identified resulted in a number of rural livelihood development models important for future rural development. These models were developed around the commercialisation of non-timber forest products for cash income generation, rural human capital development through vocational skills training and rural small livestock asset development. Human capital resulted in the development of rural industry in the form of community based enterprises. Indirectly it also contributed to migrant labour that sent cash and goods back home. The study shows that it is evident that in a politically charged environment livelihood diversification has a range of positive effects. The re-emergence of the barter exchange economy in rural communities contributed to livelihood diversification although sustainability was limited. It is also possible for both barter exchange and the cash market to co-exist in a politically charged environment. The study also shows that traditional leadership and local authorities in study areas became more politicised and militarised and this diverted them from facilitating and supporting rural development and inhibited rural livelihood development efforts by different rural players. The study found that rural livelihoods are not static, and they adapted as best they could in the face of exogenous trends and shocks. Rural areas underwent deep transformations as a result of political dynamics, local livelihood initiatives and external livelihood support. Rural livelihoods changed as rural people devised combined livelihood strategies that went beyond farming. However, in contrast to the widely accepted argument that diversification plays an important role in poverty alleviation, this was clearly not the case in Zimbabwe‟s politically charged environment. This study contributes to the development debate with a case study on the type and extent of livelihood diversification strategies possible in a politically charged environment. Methodologically the study contributes to the possible application of a dual data collection system where data is collected from the top using different methods from those used to collect data from the bottom. This enriched the data at triangulation phase during analysis. The study also contributes to the understanding of the political economy, the type of rural livelihood development possible in politically charged environments, and to how rural people in Zimbabwe react and behave in an endeavour to survive. There was an increased role played by external interventions in livelihood diversification but the extent of their contribution to positive livelihood outcomes was constrained by the politically charged environment that prompted the interventions in the first place. The normal processes of policy development and implementation changed as the role of politicians in planning and implementation became evident and policy aims shifted from rural development to political party self-preservation.

Orientador: Darlene Aparecida de Oliveira Ferreira / Banca: Ana Cláudia Giannini Gomes / Banca: Sérgio Luis Antonello / Banca: João Carlos Geraldo / Banca: Giancarla Salamoni / Resumo: O município de Ipeúna localiza-se no interior do estado de São Paulo, pequeno município urbano industrial, que mantém em seu território atividades industriais de significado econômico na área da metalurgia, agroindústria de frangos e aviação civil. Coloca-se no chamado quadrilátero açucareiro do Estado, área com grande densidade e intensidade da monocultura canavieira praticada em moldes convencionais, trazendo como consequência uma paisagem não diversa, além de uma pecuária pouco desenvolvida. Em contra partida, a estrutura fundiária é baseada em pequenas propriedades que configuram espaços com potencial para geração de trabalho e renda. A partir desse entendimento, defende-se aqui a tese que mesmo dentro de um espaço dominado pela produção moderna, representado pela monocultura canavieira e pela atividade pecuária pouco desenvolvida, além da presença de indústrias de representatividade nacional, é possível encontrarmos a lógica de organização familiar nas propriedades existentes, tendo em vista que o processo de ocupação do município esteve diretamente ligado à tradição agrícola com base no trabalho familiar. Em busca dessa comprovação definiu-se como objetivo geral caracterizar a organização do espaço rural no município de Ipeúna/SP, identificando a presença da lógica familiar e do potencial para multifuncionalidade, elencando o potencial produtivo, paisagístico, turístico e cultural das propriedades rurais. Para a realização desta pesquisa utilizou-se o método pluralista ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The city of Ipeúna, in the countryside of the state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, is a small industrial urbanized city that houses significant industrial activities in metallurgy, industrial poultry farming, and civil aviation. It lays in a region known as the Brazilian sugar belt, where the conventional farming of sugar cane is widely spread and livestock production levels are low - making its landscape little diverse. In contrast, its land structure is based on small rural proprieties full of potential for fomenting labor activities and income raising. Thus, this study aims to state that, even in a region where modern farming plays a big whole - through sugar cane monoculture, low levels of livestock production, and big national enterprises - it is possible to find family-based organizations at small rural properties, once the settlement of the city was directly connected to traditional farming based on family farms. In order to substantiate such thesis, we aimed to characterize the organization of the rural area of the city of Ipeúna-SP, identifying the existence of family farms and their multifunctional potential when it comes to production, landscaping, tourism, and culture. To do so, this research used the pluralist method and systemic approach contributions. We could demonstrate the structure and organization of the rural properties of the city by visiting them and taking notes; applying forms (considering different farming systems and different levels of modernization of the ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / El municipio de Ipeúna se localiza en el interior del estado de São Paulo, pequeño municipio urbano industrial, que mantiene en su territorio actividades industriales de significado económico en el área de la metalurgia, agroindustria de pollos y aviación civil. Se sitúa en el llamado cuadrilátero azucarero del Estado, área con gran densidad e intensidad de monocultivo de caña de azúcar practicada de formas convencionales, trayendo como consecuencia un paisaje no diverso, además de una pecuaria poco desarrollada. En contraposición, la estructura agraria se basa en pequeñas propiedades rurales que configuran espacios con potencial para generación de trabajo y rentabilidad. A partir de ese entendimiento, se defiende la tesis que, dentro de un espacio dominado por la producción moderna, representado por el monocultivo de caña y por la actividad pecuaria poco desarrollada, además de la presencia de industrias de representatividad nacional es posible encontrar la lógica de organización familiar en las propiedades existentes, teniendo en cuenta que el proceso de ocupación del municipio estuvo directamente relacionado a la tradición agrícola basada en el trabajo familiar. En la búsqueda de esta comprobación se definió como objetivo general caracterizar la organización del espacio rural en el municipio de Ipeúna/SP, identificando la presencia de la lógica familiar y del potencial para multifuncionalidad, enumerando el potencial productivo, paisajístico, turístico y cultural de las pr / Doutor

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Submitted by Juliana Correa Bernardes (bernardescj@gmail.com) on 2018-04-17T14:23:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana Correa Bernardes.pdf: 2620607 bytes, checksum: dab96362d016f1465f2b957ca27bb458 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Eliana Katia Pupim (katiapupim@tupa.unesp.br) on 2018-04-17T20:26:30Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 bernardes_jc_me_tupa.pdf: 2620607 bytes, checksum: dab96362d016f1465f2b957ca27bb458 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-04-17T20:26:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 bernardes_jc_me_tupa.pdf: 2620607 bytes, checksum: dab96362d016f1465f2b957ca27bb458 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Apesar de residir na cidade, ter acesso às novas tecnologias e tendências que a conecta com o mundo globalizado, uma parcela da juventude urbana leva um modo de vida que apresenta características advindas do ambiente rural. Tais características envolvem gostos, vestimentas, meios de transporte, lazer voltado para rodeios, festas do peão, culinária caipira, dentre outros. Nesse contexto, esta pesquisa objetiva caracterizar o jovem urbano ruralizado, proposto a partir do seguinte problema: quais são as características do jovem urbano ruralizado? Utilizará para isso a metodologia netnográfica e um questionário semi-estruturado. A partir da identificação das características do jovem urbano ruralizado, conceito desenvolvido nesta pesquisa; percebe-se um público ainda não assistido por políticas públicas que visem a promoção de atividades agropecuárias. Identificar esse jovem e suas características foram importantes para que pesquisas futuras possam compreender o motivo pela busca da ruralidade e auxiliar na elaboração de políticas públicas voltadas para o público jovem, tornando o ambiente rural mais atrativo para este. Notou-se que cultura rural atual, elemento de interação na fusão do espaço rural com o espaço urbano, está cada vez mais presente no dia a dia dos jovens residentes na cidade, influenciando sua participação no mundo ruralizado e compartilhando os mesmos interesses e disseminando hábitos próprios da nova ruralidade. / Although young people are living in cities, so that, it allows them to access new technologies and trends that connect them to the globalized world, a large part of the urban youngsters assume a lifestyle that has characteristics of the rural environment. Such features involve musical styles, clothing, transportation, preference for large animals, leisure, such as rodeos, bull rider parties, rustic cuisine, among others. In this context, the objective of this research is to characterize the ruralized urban youngsters, proposing the following problem: what are the characteristics of the ruralized urban youngsters? It will use an netnographic methodology and a semi-structured questionnaire. From the identification of their characteristics, the concept developed in this research; it has been noticed a public that hasn’t been attended by public policies that promote agricultural activities yet. To identify this young person and his/her characteristics was important so future researches can comprehend the reason they seach for this rurality and contribute in the elaboration of new public policies that can turn the rural sphere more attractive to be them. It has been noticed that the current rural culture, an element of interaction in the fusion of rural space with urban space, is increasingly present is the young city resident’ day-by-day, influencing their participation in the rural world as they sharing the same interests and disseminating typical habits of the new rurality.

A realist approach is developed to enable a detailed interpretation of the process of village appraisals at the national and local level, focusing upon the wider national structures and the ways these are shaped by the distinctive characteristics of individual localities and the people and groups who live there. This study focuses on the county of Northamptonshire, which has a long history of self-help and where village appraisals have been taken up with particular enthusiasm.;Given the shift towards local governance in the past two decades, and a growing emphasis on individual and community responsibility and procedures such as the village appraisal which mobilize local skills and resources and empower rural communities from the structures of government, the study involves a detailed investigation of the relationships which currently exist between the statutory authorities and local communities with specific reference to the village appraisal. Further research using participant observation of over 30 steering group meetings in three case-study villages, supported by a survey of over 300 households and 40 interviews with parish councillors and steering group members, gave detailed insights into the means by which local people were availed of the opportunity to participate in the village appraisal process and to shape its content and structure.;The key conclusions indicate that significant tensions are evident in the attitudes of local government agencies, particularly in how they might participate in the village appraisal process and what forms that participation should take. At the local level, the notion of participation, seen as an integral part of rural life, is shown as illusory with most villages and villagers choosing not to become involved. As a result most appraisals are conducted by small elites within the village, often with the token involvement of the population through a questionnaire survey.

0 atendimento energético a pequenas comunidades rurais na Amazônia e extremamente incipiente, porque as políticas energéticas adotadas para a zona rural no Brasil priorizam apenas os aspectos técnico-econômicos, bem como a eletrificarao via conexão à rede. Com o advento do desenvolvimento sustentável, essa postura tem recebido muitas críticas, porque negligência os aspectos sócio-ambientais. Esta dissertação apresenta uma estrutura de planejamento energético, compatível com os preceitos do desenvolvimento sustentável, para ser utilizada como mecanismo de avaliação de alternativas energéticas para pequenas comunidades da Amazônia. Nos quatro primeiros capítulos, desenvolvem- se análises críticas sobre o conceito de desenvolvimento, o contexto amazônico e a problemática energética rural. Com base nessas análises, identifica-se o desenvolvimento sustentável como a filosofia de desenvolvimento mais adequada para a Amazônia, porque ela prioriza o atendimento das necessidades básicas da população, e detecta-se que a carência energética amazônica a determinada pela implementação de políticas energéticas centralizadoras, que tern nos critérios técnico-econômicos, os únicos para viabilizar os programas de energização rural. Nos capítulos subsequentes, aplica-se a estrutura de planejamento energético elaborada, tendo como estudo de caso a comunidade do igarape Combu, localizada na Ilha do Combu, Município de Belém, Estado do Pará. Entre as conclusões deste estudo, destaca-se a necessidade da incorporação do planejamento energético nos programas de energização rural, visando identificar as alternativas de oferta mais adequadas, em termos econômicos e ambientais , a partir do conhecimento de hábitos e poder aquisitivo da população a ser beneficiada pelos programas de atendimento, para atender as demandas energéticas das pequenas comunidades da Amazônia. / The energy supply for small rural communities in Amazon is extremely poor, because of the energy policies adopted for rural areas. These Brazilian policies prioritize only the economical and technical aspects, such as electrification from the electric grid. With the advent of sustainable development that posture has received some critics, because it ignores environmental and social aspects. This dissertation presents a framework for the energy planning, compatible with the precepts of sustainable development, to be used as an evaluation mechanism for energy alternatives in small communities from Amazon. The first four chapters show a critical analysis about the concept of development, the Amazon context and the rural energy problems. Based in these analyses, the sustainable development is identified as the philosophy more adequate for the Amazon, because it prioritizes the basic needs supply. The adoption of centralized energy policies, based on economical and technical criteria, are taken as responsibles for the lack of energy observed in Amazon. The last chapters apply the energy planning framework elaborated. The community of Igarape Combu, localized in Combu island, a district of Belem city, in Para State is taken as a study case. Among the conclusions, the work highlights the necessity of the energy planning incorporation for rural areas, in order to identify the more adequate alternatives, economically and environmentally sounding and based on people income and behave, aiming energy and basic needs supply for small communities from Amazon.

Estudou-se a prática do aleitamento materno nas mulheres com filhos menores de três anos de idade, na população de Icapara, Município de Iguape, Estado de São Paulo. Procurou-se determinar, entre as famílias selecionadas, a frequência e duração dos tipos de aleitamento do último filho, no primeiro ano de vida. Em seguida, fez-se um estudo comparativo do aleitamento do primeiro e último filhos nas mesmas famílias. Com a finalidade de situar a prática do aleitamento materno num contexto social, caracterizou-se sócio-economicamente a população estudada, privilegiando-se as atividades ocupacionais. A técnica de pesquisa empregada foi o formulário aplicado aos pais. Concluiu-se que no primeiro ano de vida, o aleitamento materno total é frequente e prolongado, enquanto que o aleitamento materno exclusivo é frequente apenas em torno do período neo-natal. O aleitamento artificial apresenta-se com frequências ascendentes, atingindo-se mais da metade das crianças ao final do período. O aleitamento misto aparece com frequências variáveis, cedendo lugar ao aleitamento materno exclusivo em torno do período neo-natal e ao aleitamento artificial na forma exclusiva, no primeiro ano de vida. Verificou-se que as frequências de aleitamento materno são, em geral, mais baixas nos último filho do que nos primogênitos. / The breast-feeding practice among women with children under 3 years of age in the population of Vila de Icapara, Iguape County, State of São Paulo, was studied. The author tried to determine the rate of occurrence and duration of different types of feeding offered to the last child of the selected families, in his first year of life. A comparative study between the feeding of the first and the last child in the same family was also carried out. In order to situate the breast-feeding practice within a social context, the chosen population was social and economically studied taking into consideration especially occupational activities. A questionnaire was applied as the researdh technique. The author concluded that, total breast-feeding is frequent and prolonged in the child\'s first year of life, while the exclusive breast-feeding is frequent only during the neo-natal period. The bottle-feeding presents a increasing occurence totalizing more than half of the children up to 1 (one) year of age. The mixed feeding varies giving ground to the exclusive breast-feeding during the neo-natal period, and to bottle-feeding (exclusively) during the child\'s first year of life.

Orientador: Candido Giraldez Vieitez / Banca: Neusa Maria Dal Ri / Banca: Henrique Tahan Novaes / Banca: Érika Porceli Alaniz / Banca: Carlos Bauer de Souza / Resumo: A pesquisa teve como objetivo verificar os elementos de contraposição à cidadania burguesa presentes nas práticas pedagógicas do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Sem Terra (MST) em um curso técnico oferecido por meio do vínculo com o Centro Estadual de Educação Tecnológica Centro Paula Souza (CEETEPS) em conjunto com a Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp) de Marília. As seguintes questões permearam o trabalho: as parcerias com as instituições oficiais de ensino mudam os princípios educativos do MST ou sua prática pedagógica? Elas favorecem a hegemonia dos princípios educacionais capitalistas, dentre eles, a formação para a cidadania burguesa, ou seja, para o trabalho alienado? Visou, portanto, ao estudo das práticas pedagógicas do MST contracidadania burguesa presentes na implantação do Curso Técnico em Agroecologia oferecido pela parceria Unesp de Marília, MST e Etec/CEETEPS, durante o período de agosto de 2015 a março de 2017, na Escola Estadual de Educação Popular Rosa Luxemburg, do MST, em Agudos (SP), e na Escola Técnica Augusto Tortolero Araújo, do CEETEPS, em Paraguaçu Paulista (SP). Para a análise das mediações da sociedade burguesa nas práticas pedagógicas do MST, o Materialismo Histórico-Dialético foi o caminho mais apropriado. Assim, por meio da pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e do estudo das práticas pedagógicas na implantação do Curso Técnico em Agroecologia oferecido pelas escolas citadas, verificamos que as mediações da sociedade burguesa ocasionaram práticas r... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The research aimed to verify the elements of bourgeois citizenship there are in the pedagogical practices of the Movement of Landless Workers (MST) in a technical course offered by Paula Souza State Center of Technological Education (CEETEPS) in conjunction with the Marília City campus of the State University of São Paulo (Unesp). The following issues permeated the research: do partnerships with official teaching institutions change the MST's educational principles or pedagogical practice? Do they promote the hegemony of capitalist educational principles, among them, training for bourgeois citizenship, for alienated labor? Therefore, it aimed the study of the pedagogical practices of the MST bourgeois counter-citizenship there are in the implementation of the Technical Course in Agroecology offered by the CEETEPS, MST and Unesp the Marília partnership from August 2015 to March 2017 at Rosa Luxemburg State School of Popular Education, MST, in Agudos City, São Paulo State, and at Augusto Tortolero Araújo Technical School, CEETEPS, in Paraguaçu Paulista City, São Paulo State. For the analysis of the mediations of bourgeois society in the pedagogical, Historical-Dialectical Materialism was the most appropriate way. Thus, through bibliographic, documentary research and the study of pedagogical practices in the implementation of the Technical Course in Agroecology offered by the mentioned schools, we verified the mediations of bourgeois society caused relatively counter-hegemonic p... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

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