Investigação dos conjuntos denominados Bandas de Pífanos ou Zabumbas, atuantes na região do sertão baiano, nas proximidades da cidade de Canudos. Buscamos as fontes bibliográficas sobre o assunto, destacamos as abordagens acadêmicas e realizamos extensa pesquisa de campo na região. Apresentamos um estudo das características ogrnanológicas dos conjuntos com dados da nossa pesquisa de campo. Todos os conjuntos pesquisados utilizam o aerofone longitudinal, a gaita, apesar da denominação pífano também ser utilizada. Procuramos a desambiguação dos termos e tratamos das diferenças entre os aerofones transversais, pifanos, e os longitudinais, gaitas. Apresentamos 40 transcrições musicais realizadas e um estudo das característica musicais dos grupos pesquisados. Analisamos aspectos melódicos, harmônicos, formais e os gêneros musicais praticados pelas Zabumbas do sertão baiano. / Investigation of the bands called Bandas de Pífanos or Zabumbas, operating in the region of Bahia\'s countryside, near the town of Canudos. We draft the academic approaches of the subject, up to now, and present a study of the organological characteristics of the musical instruments based on our field research in the countryside of Bahia. All goups researched utilizes the longitudinal aerofone, the gaita, although the designation fife also be used. We seek the disambiguation of the terms and studied the differences between the transverse aerophones, fifes, and the longitudinal, gaitas. We also presented 40 musical transcriptions and a study of the reserched groups` musical caracteristics. Then, we anilysed the melodical, harmonical and forms aspects as well the musical genres practiced by the Zabumbas of the countryside of Bahia. We highlight our experience in field research and present a study of the characteristics of the musical band of Bendegó, from the Canudos Velho village. We analyze aspects of melodic, harmonic and cadential formula of beginning and termination of transcripts from artists in field research.

by Wong Dart-man. / Bibliography: leaves 107-114 / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1982

by Frankie Tat-kwong Lau. / Bibliography: leaves 63-70 / Thesis (M.Ph.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1985

by Simon Siu-man Tam. / Includes bibliographical references / Thesis (M.Ph.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1986

by Wong Siu-Kuen. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong. / Bibliography: leaves 76-92.

by Suet-ching Leung. / Thesis (M.Ph.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1989. / Bibliography: leaves 170-198.

by Wong Chun-kwok. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 233-246). / ABSTRACT --- p.I / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.V / ABBREVIATIONS --- p.VI / PUBLICATIONS --- p.IX / CHAPTER / Chapter 1. --- GENERAL INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- EFFECTOR CELLS MEDIATING ANTI一TUMOR IMMUNITY --- p.3 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTES --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- MACROPHAGES --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- NATURAL KILLER CELLS --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- LYMPHOKINE ACTIVATED KILLER CELLS --- p.7 / Chapter 1.1.5 --- TUMOR-INFILTRATING LYMPHOCYTES --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2 --- BIOLOGICAL RESPONSE MODIFIERS : THE NEW IMMUNOTHERAPY --- p.9 / Chapter 1. 3 --- CYTOKINES AS BIOLOGICAL RESPONSE MODIFIERS IN CANCER THERAPY --- p.12 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- INTERFERONS --- p.12 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA --- p.13 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- INTERLEUKIN-1 --- p.15 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- INTERLEUKIN-2 --- p.16 / Chapter 1.3.5 --- GRANULOCYTES /MACROPHAGES COLONY-STIMULATING FACTORS --- p.16 / Chapter 1.3.6 --- EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR --- p.17 / Chapter 1.3.7 --- TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR-BETA --- p.17 / Chapter 1.4 --- BIOACTIVE POLYSACCHARIDES FROM CHINESE MEDICINAL HERBS ACT AS BIOLOGICAL RESPONSE MODIFIERS --- p.18 / Chapter 2. --- AIM AND SCOPE OF INVESTIGATION --- p.27 / Chapter 3. --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.30 / Chapter 3.1 --- MATERIALS --- p.30 / Chapter 3.2 --- METHODS --- p.39 / Chapter (I) --- "EXTRACTION, FRACTIONATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PSEUDOSTELLARIA HETEROPHYLLA" / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Hot water extraction and stepwise alcohol precipitation --- p.39 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- "Determination of carbohydrate, protein, uronic acid contents" --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Gel filtration --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Anion-exchange chromatography --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Paper chromatography --- p.42 / Chapter 3.2.6 --- Gas liquid chromatography --- p.43 / Chapter 3.2.7 --- Determination of molecular weight by high performance liquid chromatography --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2.8 --- SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2.9 --- Determination of the bio´ؤtoxicity of samples --- p.46 / Chapter 3.2.10 --- Treatment of samples with sodium periodate or acetic acid --- p.46 / Chapter (II) --- ASSAYS OF IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITIES OF PSEUDOSTELLARIA HETEROPHYLLA ON LYMPHOCYTES / Chapter 3.2.11 --- Isolation and preparation of cells --- p.48 / Chapter 3.2.12 --- In vitro lymphocyte transformation assay --- p.50 / Chapter 3.2.13 --- Mixed lymphocyte culture --- p.50 / Chapter 3.2.14 --- Depleting mouse T cells by anti-Thy-1.2 antibody plus complement treatment --- p.51 / Chapter 3.2.15 --- Depleting mouse B cells by anti-mouse B cell antibody plus complement treatment --- p.51 / Chapter 3.2.16 --- Haemolytic plaque assay --- p.52 / Chapter 3.2.17 --- Delayed-type hypersensitivity --- p.53 / Chapter 3.2.18 --- Immunofluorescent assay for interleukin-2 receptor expression --- p.54 / Chapter 3.2.19 --- Assay of murine interleukin-2 --- p.55 / Chapter (III) --- ASSAYS OF IMMUNOMODULATORY ACTIVITIES OF PSEUDOSTELLARIA HETEROPHYLLA ON MACROPHAGES / Chapter 3.2.20 --- Assay of murine interleukin-1 --- p.55 / Chapter 3.2.21 --- In vivo migration of macrophages --- p.56 / Chapter 3.2.22. --- Assay of phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages --- p.56 / Chapter 3.2.23 --- Northern blotting of mRNA of β-actin gene extracted from peritoneal exudate cells --- p.57 / Chapter (IV) --- ASSAYS OF ANTI-TUMOR ACTIVITIES OF PSEUDOSTELLARIA HETEROPHYLLA / Chapter 3.2.24 --- Assay of anti-tumor activity in vitro --- p.62 / Chapter 3.2.25 --- Assay of anti-tumor activity in vivo --- p.63 / Chapter 3.2.26 --- Priming effect of different fractions for the induction of TNF-α in mice --- p.63 / Chapter 3 .2.27 --- In vitro stimulation of TNF-α release from resting peritoneal macrophages --- p.64 / Chapter 3.2.28 --- Effects of P. heterophylla polysaccharides on TNF-α and IFN-gamma production as well as EAT growth in vivo --- p.64 / Chapter 3.2.29 --- Macrophage-mediated cytostatic activity --- p.65 / Chapter 3 2.30 --- Assay of lymphokine-activated killer cell activity --- p.66 / Chapter 3 2.31 --- Assay of natural killer cell activity --- p.67 / Chapter 3.2.32 --- Assay of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes --- p.68 / Chapter (V) --- ASSAYS FOR THE EFFECTS OF PSEUDOSTELLARIA HETEROPHYLLA ON THE PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF MURINE BONE MARROW CELLS AND MYELOID LEUKAEMIC Ml CELLS / Chapter 3.2.33 --- Assay of proliferation of murine bone marrow cells --- p.69 / Chapter 3.2.34 --- Assay of differentiation of murine bone marrow cells --- p.70 / Chapter 3.2.35 --- Assay of differentiation of Ml cells --- p.71 / Chapter 3.2.36 --- Induction of GM-CSF from bone marrow cells and Ml cells --- p.71 / Chapter (VI) --- ASSAYS OF THE IMMUNORESTORATIVE PROPERTIES OF PSEUDOSTELLARIA HETEROPHYLLA / Chapter 3.2.37 --- Immunorestoration in tumor-bearing mice --- p.72 / Chapter 3.2.38 --- Immunorestoration in aged mice --- p.72 / Chapter 3.2.39 --- Immunorestoration in cyclophosphamide- treated mice --- p.73 / Chapter 3.2.40 --- Statistical analysis --- p.73 / Chapter 4. --- "EXTRACTION, FRACTIONATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MITOGENIC FRACTIONS FROM PSEUDOSTELLARIA HETEROPHYLLA" / INTRODUCTION --- p.74 / RESULTS --- p.76 / Chapter 4.1 --- Extraction and fractionation of Pseudostellaria heterophylla --- p.76 / Chapter 4.2 --- Gel filtration and anion-exchange chromatography --- p.76 / Chapter 4.3 --- Characterization of bioactive fractions from Pseudostellaria heterophylla --- p.79 / Chapter 4.4 --- Mitogenic activity of fraction PH-I on murine lymphocytes in vitro --- p.96 / Chapter 4.5 --- Mitogenic effect of PH-I on murine lymphocytes in vivo --- p.102 / Chapter 4.6 --- Effect of PH-I on polyclonal B cell activation --- p.102 / Chapter 4.7 --- Adjuvant effect of PH-I on antibody response to SRBC in vivo --- p.106 / Chapter 4.8 --- Evidences to support the mitogenic activity of PH-I is due to its polysaccharide rather than due to the contamination by LPS --- p.106 / Chapter 4.9 --- The effects of PH-I on IL-2 production and IL-2 receptor expression on murine lymphocytes in vitro --- p.110 / Chapter 4.10 --- The mitogenic activity of the purified fractions on murine lymphocytes in vitro --- p.110 / Chapter 4.11 --- Adjuvant effect of PH-I Ab on antibody response to SRBC in vivo --- p.116 / Chapter 4.12 --- Mitogenic effect of PH-I C on murine lymphocytes in vivo --- p.116 / Chapter 4.13 --- Evidences to support the mitogenic activity of PH-I Ab is due to its polysaccharide rather than due to the contamination by LPS --- p.122 / DISCUSSION --- p.122 / Chapter 5. --- IMMUNOMODULATING AND ANTI-TUMOR ACTIVITIES OF ALCOHOL- INSOLUBLE FRACTION (PH-I) FROM THE HOT WATER EXTRACT OF PSEUDOSTELLARIA HETEROPHYLLA / INTRODUCTION --- p.133 / RESULTS --- p.135 / Chapter 5.1 --- Effect of PH-I on cytokine production --- p.135 / Chapter 5.2 --- In vivo activation of macrophages by PH-I --- p.135 / Chapter 5.3 --- Effect of PH-I on the activation of β-actin gene transcription in peritoneal macrophages --- p.142 / Chapter 5.4 --- Effect of PH-I on the in vitro growth of various tumor cell lines --- p.142 / Chapter 5.5 --- Immunorestoration of PH-I on the mitogenic response in EAT-bearing mice --- p.147 / DISCUSSION --- p.147 / Chapter 6. --- IMMUNOMODULATING AND ANTI-TUMOR ACTIVITIES OF PURIFIED FRACTIONS SEPARATED FROM PSEUDOSTELLARIA HETEROPHYLLA / INTRODUCTION --- p.154 / RESULTS --- p.157 / Chapter 6.1 --- In vitro anti-tumor activities of P. heterophylla --- p.157 / Chapter 6.2 --- In vivo anti-tumor activities of P. heterophylla --- p.165 / Chapter 6.3 --- Effect of P. heterophylla fractions on induction of delayed-type hypersensitivity --- p.165 / Chapter 6.4 --- Effect of PH-I fraction on the cytotoxic alloreactive T lymphocytes in vitro --- p.165 / Chapter 6.5 --- Effect of P. heterophylla on the production of TNF-α and IFN-gamma --- p.170 / Chapter 6.6 --- Effect of P. heterophylla on the activation of macrophages --- p.176 / Chapter 6.7 --- "Effect of P. heterophylla on the activation of NK, LAK and TIL" --- p.181 / Chapter 6.8 --- The effect of combined treatment of EAT-bearing mice with P. heterophylla amd Mur-TNF-α on the growth of EAT cells in vivo --- p.181 / Chapter 6 9 --- Immunorestorative activities of P. heterophylla in aged mice and cyclophosphamide-treated mice --- p.187 / DISCUSSION --- p.187 / Chapter 7. --- EFFECTS OF PSEUDOSTELLARIA HETEROPHYLLA ON PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF MURINE BONE MARROW CELLS AND MYELOID LEUKAEMIC Ml CELLS / INTRODUCTION --- p.200 / RESULTS --- p.202 / Chapter 7.1 --- Effect of P. het erophyl1a on the proliferation and differentiation of murine bone marrow cells --- p.202 / Chapter 7 .2 --- Effects of P. heterophyl la on the proliferation and differentiation of murine myeloid leukaemia Ml cells --- p.205 / Chapter 7 .3 --- Effects of P. heterophylla on GM-CSF production by bone marow cells and myeloid leukaemia Ml cells --- p.214 / DISCUSSION --- p.218 / Chapter 8. --- CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES --- p.223 / BIBLIOGRAPHY --- p.233

by Suk Che Ho. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 86-88). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgments --- p.iii / Dedication --- p.iv / Abbreviations --- p.v / Table of Contents --- p.vi / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Overview of Chinese Medicinal Herbs containing essential oils --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Introduction of Chinese Medicinal Herbs --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Chinese Medicinal Herbs containing essential oils --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- Recognition of Chinese Medicinal Herbs --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Traditional method in recognition of Chinese Medicinal Herbs (CMH) --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Instrumental Methods for the recognition of CMH --- p.4 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- The use of GC and GC/MS on CMH --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- Motivation and objective of this research --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Motivation --- p.6 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Objective of this research --- p.7 / Chapter 1.4 --- Outline of the methodology and arrangement of the thesis --- p.8 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Experimental Setup --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1 --- Reagents and materials --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Reagents and glassware --- p.11 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Materials --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2 --- Sample pretreatment --- p.14 / Chapter 2.3 --- Extraction of essential oils from the herbal samples --- p.14 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Traditional extraction methods for essential oils --- p.14 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Extraction by hydrodistillation using Dean and Stark-type trap --- p.15 / Chapter 2.4 --- Results --- p.17 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Comparison with literature data --- p.17 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Reproducibility of the extraction --- p.17 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Recovery test --- p.26 / Chapter 2.5 --- Discussion --- p.27 / Chapter Chapter3: --- Instrumental Analysis of the Essential Oils --- p.29 / Chapter 3.1 --- GC analysis --- p.29 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Instrumentation --- p.29 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Instrumental settings --- p.31 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- The use of GC in the analysis of essential oils --- p.31 / Chapter 3.1.3.1 --- Qualitative data --- p.31 / Chapter 3.1.3.2 --- Quantitative data --- p.33 / Chapter 3.1.3.3 --- Dilution strategy --- p.33 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Results --- p.36 / Chapter 3.1.4.1 --- Precision test --- p.36 / Chapter 3.1.4.2 --- Linearity --- p.39 / Chapter 3.2 --- GC/MS analysis --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Instrumentation --- p.41 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Instrumental settings --- p.42 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- The use of GC/MS in the analysis of essential oils --- p.43 / Chapter 3.2.3.1 --- Identification by GC/MS --- p.43 / Chapter 3.2.3.2 --- Abundance information --- p.43 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Results --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2.4.1 --- Precision test --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2.4.2 --- Linearity --- p.46 / Chapter 3.2.4.3 --- Detection limit --- p.48 / Chapter 3.2.4.4 --- Chromatographic patterns of herbal samples obtained by GC/MS --- p.49 / Chapter 3.3 --- Discussion --- p.49 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Development of a system for recognition --- p.52 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.52 / Chapter 4.2 --- Analysis of chromatographic patterns --- p.53 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Extraction of “effective´ح peaks --- p.54 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Extraction of “characteristic´ح peaks --- p.56 / Chapter 4.3 --- Library section --- p.60 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Calculation of relative retention indices --- p.60 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Normalization factors --- p.61 / Chapter 4.4 --- Matching section --- p.62 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Overview of the matching method --- p.62 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Input --- p.63 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Matching strategy --- p.64 / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Matching algorithms --- p.64 / Chapter 4.4.4.1 --- "Matching with “characteristic"" peaks" --- p.64 / Chapter 4.4.4.2 --- Matching with “effective´ح peaks --- p.65 / Chapter 4.4.5 --- Calculation of similarity scores --- p.66 / Chapter 4.4.6 --- Output --- p.69 / Chapter Chapter 5: --- Performance of the proposed recognition system --- p.70 / Chapter 5.1 --- Recognition performance of the database --- p.70 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Definition of similarity --- p.70 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Performance test of the recognition method --- p.70 / Chapter 5.1.2.1 --- Candidates in the library file --- p.70 / Chapter 5.1.2.2 --- Unknown not found in the library file --- p.75 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Information drawn from the scores --- p.77 / Chapter 5.1.3.1 --- Recognition of the unknown sample in terms of similarity --- p.77 / Chapter 5.1.3.2 --- Relationship between the herbal drugs --- p.79 / Chapter 5.2 --- Applicability of the proposed methodology --- p.80 / Chapter 5.3 --- Limitation of the proposed methodology --- p.81 / Chapter 5.4 --- Future prospect --- p.81 / Chapter Chapter 6: --- Conclusion --- p.83 / References --- p.86 / Appendices / Chapter A. --- Linearity of calibration graphs using GC --- p.A1 / Chapter B. --- Linearity of calibration graphs using GC/MS --- p.A3 / Chapter C. --- GC/MS chromatograms of the herbal samples --- p.A5 / Chapter D. --- "Relative retention times of “effective"" and ""characteristic"" peaks" --- p.A28

After years of assimilation and acculturation, many Native Americans have both the means and strength to assert their unique identity among mainstream America. They have devised various channels for accomplishing this, such as language classes and continuing traditional practices, often using resources offered through State, Federal or Tribal Historic Preservation programs. Constructions of contemporary traditional architecture can be another of these tools used to promote this cultural renaissance. As a field that defines itself on the basis of cultural conservation, Historic Preservation principles claim to support these endeavors; however, because they do not meet the age criteria for "historic structures," such buildings are often left out of the preservation matrix. By examining the Achfa-hammi plankhouse of the Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde, this thesis will address the building's impact on cultural revitalization and explore the disconnect that exists between Historic Preservation policies and new constructions of tribal architectures.

This thesis explores the ways in which the kimono retail industry in contemporary Japanese society is changing in response to the economic crisis of the 1990s and the declining popularity of the kimono as formal wear, leading to falling demand and sales. A central aim of this thesis is to address the lack of academic literature focused on the kimono, particularly economic aspects of the kimono such as the way it is made, sold and consumed. Based on twelve months of ethnographic fieldwork in Aichi prefecture, Kyoto, Tokyo and Yamagata with kimono shop owners, wholesalers, craftspeople, writers, bloggers, designers, government officials and consumers, this thesis explores how a small but influential group that I call the 'kimono fashion network' are aiming to change the industry from within by marketing the kimono as fashion and framing the kimono as a lifestyle choice. Their efforts have led to a monumental shift in manufacturing, marketing and selling strategies that have effectively aligned the kimono with global discourses about fashion. This shift has split the kimono retail industry into two camps: those who sell kimono as ceremonial wear for key ritual occasions such as weddings, funerals, tea ceremonies, coming of age ceremonies, graduation and school entrance ceremonies, and those who sell it for fashion. I begin by examining the socio-economic factors that led to falling demand and therefore falling sales in the industry, before exploring how the industry is structured in terms of production and distribution. Finally, I explore how and why the kimono fashion network have gone about changing the industry from within. Adding a different perspective to prevailing understandings of traditional culture in Japan as a vehicle for cultural nationalism, I argue that the contemporary kimono fashion movement has many similiarities with the global phenomenon of lifestyle consumer culture to be found across industrialised nations.