Nowadays, using the LED as backlight module's light source becomes generalization gradually, and the application of LED light source develops from the liquid crystal display to the liquid crystal TV. However, thermal dissipative problem of LED component is still an important issue to study presently, since it can affect the service lives of LED and LCD seriously. In order to increase the luminous energy of the LED component, one need to increase the supply of electric power and it will cause the increment of thermal dissipative problem of the LED component also. Therefore, by considering the LED components as the light source of the backlight module , the purpose of this study is to reduce number of the required LED components in order to decrease the thermal dissipative problem of LEDs, and maintain the luminous and uniformity of the backlight module simultaneously. A new packaging for LED, named SMD type metallic reflection cup LED component, was proposed in this study. The new LED package not only has a better thermal dissipative property, but also can control its radiation property by changing the angle of its reflection cup. So, the proposed LED package can be applied for different purposes. By applying the proposed LED components as the light source of a backlight module, under the condition of same illumination, it can be shown that the required number of LED components can be decreased tremendously and so the thermal dissipative problem can be decreased too. Also, the numerical simulated results showed that by choosing the suitable angle of the reflection cup, the uniformity of the backlight module can be improved. Besides, this study proposed a modified method for assessing the uniformity of a backlight module. The simulated results showed that the proposed method can assess the uniformity of a backlight module more suitable than the traditional nine points measurement method can do.

Οι E P de Jager and H P Kuenzi περιέγραψαν όλα τα άτομα του πλήρους δικτυωτού, το οποίο αποτελείται από το σύνολο όλων των ημι ομοιομόρφων δομών, σε ένα σύνολο Χ, εφοδιασμένο με το περιέχεσθαι. Σε αυτή την εργασία κατασκευάζουμε την ημι ομοιόμορφη δομή που παράγεται από άτομο, στον συναρτησιακό χώρο F(X,Y), και βρίσκουμε την επαγώμενη τοπολογία. Ολοκληρώνουμε την εργασία αυτή παρουσιάζοντας ανοιχτά προβλήματα πάνω στο αντικείμενο. / E P de Jager and H P Kuenzi described all atoms of the complete lattice which consistes of the set of all quasi uniformities on a set X, equipped with the set theoretic inclusion. In this project we consider the function space F(X,Y) and we construct the quasi uniformity of the atom quasi uniform convergence, and we then find the induced topology. We finish by setting some open problems.

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As the business and economic world is constantly evolving due to globalization, the importance for a uniform, worldwide set of accounting standards can no longer be put to question. As each country has its own unique accounting standards, International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are regarded as the solution to this concern as they would enable investors to value the financial position of a firm regardless of where it is located. While a large number of countries have already pledged to converge to these standards, a large number of accountants wonder why India (with its increasing requirement for global capital) has had significant delays in converging with IFRS. While there are significant differences between IFRS and current Indian accounting standards, this paper provides a cost / benefit analysis of what the convergence with IFRS would bring to the Indian economy. Further, it analyzes the other non-qualitative factors that have led to delay in implementation and ends by looking at what Indian convergence with IFRS would add to the world economy.

Class of 2008 Abstract / Objectives: To determine the active drug content and weight uniformity for half tablets of commonly split medications as a means to outline the safety and efficacy of tablet splitting. Methods: This analytical study was performed using the following six medications: warfarin, simvastatin, metoprolol succinate, metoprolol tartrate, citalopram, and lisinopril. Whole tablets (n=15) and half tablets (n= 30) were analyzed for drug content using high pressure liquid chromatography as compared to established standard curves. Weight uniformity was assessed using half tablet weights as compared to one half of the average whole tablet weight. Results: Percent deviation from the expected drug content for all drugs analyzed ranged from 81%- 126%. All drugs produced tablet halves falling outside of the range of 90%-110% for active drug content: warfarin (1), simvastatin (3), metoprolol succinate (10), metoprolol tartrate (4), citalopram (5), and lisinopril (10). Percent relative standard deviation for drug content was less than 6% for all drugs analyzed. Weight uniformity, defined as 85%-115% of the expected weight, was found for all drugs analyzed with the exception of lisinopril, with one half tablet at 122% of the expected weight. Statistical significance for the data was not determined. Conclusions: Half tablet drug content uniformity was not concluded for the medications/ manufacturers studied. To determine true safety and efficacy of tablet splitting, additional research must be performed assessing clinical endpoints using patient-split tablets. Furthermore, USP methods for assessing drug content uniformity must be developed for half tablets, as a means to determine which medications are safe to split.

The first part of the thesis is research, which deals with electric luminaires and especially their light-active parts. Subsequently is described the problem of a specific luminaire, which is used during the control of the surface structure of materials. The next part of the thesis deals with the simulation of the current luminaire and the simulations of the proposed solutions that eliminate the shortcomings of the luminaire. The conclusion of this thesis is the evaluation of the originally used luminaire and the benefits of the proposed solution, which showed the best results in the simulation.

Two methods for the measurement of micro-scale stressvariations of press felt surfaces were developed. The methodswere based on a thin plastic film that was coated with anopaque stress-sensitive layer (Cronapress conversion film). Thefilm was compressed between a felt and a smooth surface. Uponapplication of load the opaque layer became partiallytransparent at the locations where load was applied by thesurface fibres of the felt. The degree of transparency was afunction of the locally applied stress. The spatial resolutionof the method was 6.3 µm, which means that even details ofthe order of the diameter of a batt fibre diameter can beresolved. Parameters characterising the stress variations were used toquantitatively describe the extent of the stress variations,the size of the contact areas and the distance between them.The applicability of these contact characterisation parameterswas evaluated in laboratory wet pressing experiments and inpilot paper machine trials for two sets of specially designedpress felts. In general, the dewatering result was mainlyinfluenced by the diameter of the felt surface batt fibres andby the web grammage. For a specific pulp type and operatingconditions a multivariate model was formulated based on themeasured web dryness, web grammage and each contactcharacterisation parameter. The model was able to describe thedewatering capability of the different felts tested. Contactcharacterisation parameters related to contact properties (e.g.contact area ratio) gave the best prediction for low grammagewebs, while parameters related to flow properties (e.g. size ofopenings) gave the best prediction for high grammage webs. Furthermore it was found that at a certain web grammage, thesurface batt fibre diameter did not have an influence on thedewatering result. This grammage was termed "transitiongrammage". Below the transition grammage a fine surface gavesignificantly better dewatering, while the opposite trend wasobserved above the transition grammage. Based on these results,a modified dewatering hypothesis was formulated. Thishypothesis links the non-uniform compression of the wet webwith different dewatering situations for low and high grammagewebs. KeywordsPress felts, Roughness, Smoothness, SurfaceStructure, Uniformity, Wet pressing, Batt fibre, Base weave,Stress variations, Micro-scale. / <p>QCR 20161026</p>

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:25:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DIR - Clara A G Dias.pdf: 885996 bytes, checksum: f4cbeb7b0749e8fc1966e97fcb28bdae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-10-18 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Not always the social protection was going conceded to all faintly. At the beginning, they were just the cities workers that uses of social protection, once era in her that was agglomerated most population that exercised activity laborativa due to industries big concentration in the urban areas after the Industrial Revolution explosion. With that, a big contingent of population was going occupying the big urban centers, increasing the poverty situation that already devastated a big part of individuals that lived in bad human conditions in big cities. The rural areas became every time more depopulated. Even with all the social need situation installed in the urban centers, and a rural population still cultivated the hope of owning a better life condition had passed to live and to work on the cities, what, actually, didn't happen. The ones that still remained in the field, they enjoyed of an incipient social protection, that didn't give them any worthy existence warranty case had been going attacked for social risk situation. It was ahead of this scenery that the legislator solved create a constitutional norm, in the principle modality, that had guaranteed to all of the individuals, regardless of the local where had resided or had rendered service, a worthy social protection. It was because of this express in the Grand Letter text the Uniformity and Equivalence Benefits and Services Principle to the Urban and Rural Populations, with conceding the same benefits and services roll to everybody, without any distinction, without forgetting, is clear, of the expressed prohibition regarding rules creation that had established any distinction regarding the concession criteria / Nem sempre a proteção social foi concedida a todos os indivíduos indistintamente. De início, eram apenas os trabalhadores da cidade que usufruíam de proteção social, uma vez que, era nela que se aglomerava a maior parte da população que exercia atividade laborativa devido a grande concentração das indústrias nas áreas urbanas após a explosão da Revolução Industrial. Com isso, um grande contingente populacional foi ocupando os grandes centros urbanos, incrementando a situação de miséria que já assolava uma grande parte dos indivíduos que viviam em condições subumanas nas grandes cidades. Os campos se tornavam cada vez mais despovoados. Mesmo com toda a situação de necessidade social instalada nos centros urbanos, os rurícolas ainda cultivavam a esperança de possuir uma melhor condição de vida se passassem a viver e a trabalhar nas cidades, o que, na verdade, não aconteceu. Os que ainda permaneciam no campo, gozavam de uma proteção social incipiente, que não lhes dava qualquer garantia de existência digna caso fossem acometidos por situação de risco social. Foi diante deste cenário que o legislador resolveu criar uma norma constitucional, na modalidade de princípio, que garantisse a todos os indivíduos, independente do local onde residissem ou prestassem serviço, uma proteção social digna. Foi por isso expresso no texto da Carta Magna o princípio da Uniformidade e Equivalência dos Benefícios e Serviços às Populações Urbanas e Rurais, com o intuito de conceder o mesmo rol de benefícios e serviços a todos, sem qualquer forma de distinção, sem esquecer, é claro, da expressa proibição quanto à criação de normas que estabelecessem qualquer distinção quanto aos critérios de concessão

Master of Science / Department of Biological & Agricultural Engineering / Danny H. Rogers / Center pivot irrigation systems are used in crop production across the state of Kansas. The American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers (ASABE) standard on uniformity testing of a center pivot system calls for collectors to be used to measure the water depth emitted by the irrigation system. The standard was designed without specially considering the low pressure sprinklers now commonly used on center pivot systems; the recommended collectors may not accurately measure the applied depth from these sprinklers. The collector size effect on measured water depth and measured depth variability was studied for spinning plate, fixed plate, and wobbling plate sprinkler systems. Five different collector sizes (C2 (5.5 cm), C4 (10.0 cm), C6 (14.8 cm), C8 (20.0 cm), and C10 (27.4 cm)) were studied using four 5x5 Latin squares. Each collector’s water depth was measured and statistically analyzed. Two analysis of variance (ANOVA) tests of the collector size effect were reported. Past experimental results were compared to this experiment’s results. The ANOVA for the measured water depth reported no collector size effect for the spinning plate and wobbling plate systems. The ANOVA of the variability of measured depths showed significant differences between collector sizes for the spinning plate system but not for the wobbling plate system. Previous studies of spinning plate and wobbling plate systems reported acceptable variability for all collector sizes. Although some collector sizes measured significantly different mean depths, the numerical difference in mean depths was small. Any studied collector size could be used to measure the water depth of wobbling plate systems, but the C4 collector is ideal. C4 and C6 collectors are ideal for measuring spinning plate systems. Significant differences between measured depths were reported for the fixed plate system. The C10 measured significantly lower water depths than all other collectors, and the C4 collector measured lower depths than the C2 and C8 collectors. The variability of mean depths was similar and high for all collector sizes. Previous experiments also indicated that different collector sizes measured different depths and had high variability of depth measurements for the fixed plate sprinkler systems. The distinct stream pattern provides a challenge for accurately measuring the water depth with these collector sizes; other methods of measuring uniformity should be considered for fixed plate sprinklers.

Photovoltaic (PV) cells have long been an attractive alternative for the consumption of fossil fuels but current manufacturing practices suffer from poor energy efficiency, large carbon footprints, low material utilization, high processing temperatures and high solvent usage. A critical step in PV production is the deposition of CdS as a thin film to serve as a "buffer layer" between the optically absorbent layer and the transparent conducting oxide (TCO) layer to complete an effective p-n junction. The development of an inexpensive, low temperature, constant flow deposition process for producing CdS films is investigated. Micro-assisted solution concepts are implemented to promote the selectivity of heterogeneous surface reactions over homogeneous bulk precipitation. Analytical models based off Hagen-Poiseuille equation for fluid flow are coupled with computational fluid dynamic simulations to produce uniform flow fields within the deposition step permitting uniform film coverage on large substrates. / Graduation date: 2011 / Access restricted to the OSU Community at author's request from Jan. 11, 2011-Jan. 11, 2012.