O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a presença de ansiedade e depressão em vítimas de trauma que foram referenciados para reabilitação em unidade especializada. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, de corte transversal e abordagem quantitativa, desenvolvido com 85 participantes em Unidade Especializada em Reabilitação, do SUS, localizada no município de Uberaba. A coleta de dados ocorreu nos meses de outubro de 2013 a janeiro de 2014, após aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa da Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo. Foram aplicados três instrumentos: um questionário semiestruturado, de autoria do pesquisador, com variáveis sociodemográficas e hábitos de vida; Inventário de Ansiedade de Beck e o Inventário de Depressão de Beck. Após a coleta, os dados foram inseridos em um banco de dados eletrônicos no Microsoft Excel. Foram utilizadas ferramentas de estatística na realização de análise exploratória da relação entre os fatores depressão e ansiedade com diversas variáveis. Como resultado do estudo constatou-se que a idade dos participantes variou de 19 a 81 anos, com predomínio do sexo feminino 57,7%, raça branca 54,1%, religião católica 54,1%, renda de dois a quatro salários mínimos 61,2% e 35,3% de casados. O afastamento do trabalho deu-se em 29,4% da amostra e 40,0% não completou o ensino fundamental, e 10,6% eram analfabetos. Os dias de terça feira 20,0%, quarta feira 16,5% e quinta feira 14,1% representaram os dias de maior ocorrência de acidentes. O período da tarde apresentou a maior incidência dos traumas 45,9%. Declararam-se tabagistas 28,2% dos participantes e 30,6% disseram fazer uso de algum tipo de bebida alcoólica. A alteração do sono se deu em 56,5% e alteração do apetite após o acidente 24,7% dos participantes. Constatou-se neste estudo que o padrão de ansiedade nas formas moderada representa 30,6% e na grave pôde ser observado em 12,9% dos entrevistados, enquanto 16,5% apresentaram níveis moderados e 5,9% graves de depressão. Dos participantes do estudo que foram vítimas de acidente de trânsito pôde-se observar que 39,3% e 14,3% apresentaram nível de ansiedade moderada e grave, respectivamente. Este percentual de ansiedade significativa decai nos acidentes domésticos 26,1% moderada e ansiedade grave 17,4%. Nos acidentes de trabalho a ansiedade moderada foi 28,0% e grave 8,0%, e em outros tipos de acidentes 22,2% e 11,1%, respectivamente para ansiedade moderada e grave. Quanto aos níveis de depressão, os acidentes de trânsito apresentaram 17,9% e 7,1% de vítimas com estado de depressão moderada e grave; nos acidentes domésticos 21,7% apresentaram depressão moderada; nos acidentes de trabalho observou-se que 12,0% dos participantes apresentaram nível moderado e 12,0% nível grave de depressão. Estes dados mostram a necessidade de suporte psicológico, com um acompanhamento psicoterapêutico voltado à necessidade da vítima de trauma, até sua reabilitação emocional. Uma situação inusitada, como um acidente, pode desencadear um comprometimento da vida do ser humano, tanto física quanto psicológica / The aim of this study was to assess the presence of both anxiety and depression in victims of trauma who were conducted to a trauma rehabilitation center. This study is descriptive, transversal and quantitative. Whose sample was 85 participants that belonged to the Specialized Rehabilitation Unit, of SUS, in Uberaba. The data collection happened from October 2013 to January 2014, after being approved by the ethical committee of the Escola de Enfermagem de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo. Three instruments were used: a semi-structured questionnaire made by the author himself, which assessed socio- demographic aspects and life habits; Becks\' Anxiety Questionnaire and Beck\'s Depression Questionnaire. After the data being gathered, it was put on an electronic data base in Microsoft Excel. Statistical tools were used for the exploratory analysis of the relation between depression and anxiety with the others variables. There was an age variation from 19 to 81 years-old, with prevalence of females 57,7%, Caucasians 54,1%, Catholics 54,1%, mensal income two to four minimum salary 61,2% and married is 35,3%. 29,4% of the sample had been dismissed due to trauma consequences. 40,0% of the sample did not have the basics studies finished and 10,6% are illiterate. Tuesday 20,0%, Wednesday 16,5% and Thursday 14,1% were the highest days to accident occurrence. The afternoon period presented the highest prevalence of traumatic events 45,9%. 28,2% of the sample is composed by smokers and 30,6% say that drink alcohol. Sleep alteration after the accident was present in 56,5% of the patients and appetite alteration in 24,7% of them. In this study, the anxiety pattern for moderate anxiety were 30,6% and severe form 12,9%. For moderate depression 16,5% and severe depression 5,9%. Among this sample, the victims of traffic trauma 39,3% shows moderate anxiety and 14,3% severe. On domestic traumas 26,1% had moderate anxiety and 17,4% had severe. On work traumas, 28% had moderate anxiety and 8% severe. In the category Other, 22,0% for moderate anxiety and 11,1% for severe. It was found moderate 17,9% and severe 7,1% levels of depression in trauma related to traffic. On domestic trauma, the levels of depression are 21,7% (moderate). On work accidents it was observed 12,0% of moderate depression and 12,0% severe. These data show the necessity of psychological support to the trauma victims, because, as exposed, an unexpected life event, like an accident that may lead to a physical or emotional impairment

This thesis investigates established theoretical and embodied accounts of identities excluded within Western heteronormative society in order to seek out how those embodiments and theories may parallel what is contended that another impossible subject position -- the child male victim of adult female sexual violence.

Sex-trafficking has been known as an international crime of violence against women and children. Social work professionals unknowingly encounter sex trafficking victims among their clients for potential identification and intervention. In a crisis setting, social workers play a fundamental role in assessing and providing treatment services to the victims of sex-trafficking that range in age, gender, and socioeconomic status. Victim identification presents a challenge for social workers because victims are a part of a hidden population. Although the sex-trafficked individuals can be reported to authorities if identified, attention needs to be focused as to how social worker professionals identify the sex-trafficking victims they may potentially to encounter.

The purpose of this study was to explore methods of how to better identify victims of Domestic Minor Sexual Traffic (DMST). Human trafficking sill exist in modern society, due to the volume of underground sexual solicitation; it has become more difficult to identify victims of sexual exploitation in vulnerable youth population. The research study conducted obtained different perspectives of social workers within various human services agencies. The agencies. The research study also collected date with a via-email survey. The measures that were utilized were knowledge of sexual trafficking victim's characteristics, perceptions, beliefs, and competence. Data was analyzed by using the SPSS Software to analyze data, provide a descriptive statistic by utilizing level of comfort chart. Table 1 (see appendix D), identified 21% of females, and 14% of males. The result showed that social workers had an understanding and the knowledge of sexual trafficked victims, but their comfort level had a significant difference where it was reported that they felt the need to have further training in regards to DMST victims, it was inconsistent whether social workers prevent from identifying DMST victims due to their own perceptions.

Bullying in American schools has increased to what some have considered an epidemic and is a major problem among youth. Bullied youth experience poorer mental health and lower school performance, in comparison to those who are not bullied, and the growth of bullying has raised concerns from parents, schools, policy makers, and human-services professionals interested in prevention and intervention of bullying behaviors. The purpose of this study was to explore how parents whose children experienced school bullying perceived school administrators, teachers, antibullying school policies or programs, and their family's dynamics, to better understand the parents' internal experiences. The theoretical framework for this study was the symbolic interactionism theory, which posits that individuals develop subject meanings of themselves and their world, based on their experiences. A phenomenological study design was employed, using purposeful semistructured interviews of 7 parents of different schools, all of whom had witnessed bullying in their children's lives. Data were open coded and analyzed for emergent themes. The study showed that these 7 parents were not satisfied with their respective school's approach to handling bullying, especially when their home environments were adversely impacted. One recommendation that stemmed from these findings was to establish sanctions for schools failing to adhere to bullying policies. This study may provoke positive social change in the area of school safety and in areas concerning improved understanding and communication among parents, teachers, school administrators, and other professionals. Along with this notion, students may have the opportunity to thrive in a more secure atmosphere, which may lead to positive social and emotional achievements that may promote higher societal achievements.

Researchers have agreed that most rape victims vii experience stress-related symptoms similar to post-traumatic stress disorder. There have also been numerous studies that have tried to predict the severity of those stress-related symptoms, but the literature is inconclusive. Lack of perceived control is consistently mentioned in the rape research literature as being present in rape victims, but no study has empirically examined the relationship between perceived control and a rape victim's stress-related symptoms. The purpose of this study was to empirically examine the relationship between perceived control and stress-related symptoms in rape victims. This was accomplished by comparing a group of 33 subjects who reported being victims of rape with a group of 50 subjects who did not report being victims of rape. Mean stress-related symptom scores were correlated with perceived control scores; also, factors, including group membership and the time elapsed since a rape, were regressed onto the subjects' stress-related symptom scores. The correlations between stress-related symptoms and perceived control in the rape victim group were statistically significant, but the relationship was not present for the nonvictim group. Also, nonsignificant results were obtained for joint effects between perceived control and group membership, along with perceived control and time since a victim had been raped. The results suggest that low perceived control is a good predictor for elevated stress-related symptoms. Further research may clarify the relationship between perceived control and stress-related symptoms in rape victims.

Abstract not available

Bullying incorporates a range of behaviours such as name-calling, physical assaults, social exclusion and verbal and physical intimidation. Engaging in and being the target of bullying is a significant risk factor for future criminal behaviour and poor mental health, making bullying a significant threat to an individual’s long-term psychological and personal development. The present investigation had three aims: (1) to create robust psychometric instruments to reliably measure bullying, bystander roles, and related constructs in adolescents: (2) to explicate the psychosocial determinants of bullying, identify characteristics which differentiate bullies and their targets, and investigate the role of other motivators in the incidence/maintenance of bullying and being bullied: and (3) to assess the effectiveness of a new whole-school anti-bullying intervention on reducing bullying incidents and enhancing pro-social attitudes and behaviour. Participants were a total of 5204 secondary school students (2277 males and 2929 females) in Years 7 to 11 and 256 teachers from six secondary non-government schools in NSW, Australia. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), reliability analysis and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) of factorial invariance were conducted to assess the psychometric properties of the instruments used in this study. Results demonstrated that the measures developed had sound psychometric properties. Boys were found to bully and be bullied more than girls across verbal, social and physical forms of bullying. The findings have important implications for theory, research and practice. This study has yielded several measures to further advance theory and research in bullying: the identification of a reciprocal effects model that explains the relation between psychological traits such as self-concept, bullying and being bullied advanced understandings about the casual effect of bullying on negative psychological outcomes, thus highlighting the importance of intervention: and an effective anti-bullying intervention for secondary school students. / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

Although some research has focused on feminist practice in general, the external and internal dynamics of feminist practice still remains theoretically and empirically under-researched. This study addresses this void in feminist research and places a special focus on the relationship of feminist organisations with the state and within the broader context of the women's movement. This thesis explores the constitution and maintenance of feminist practices in one specific context in South Korea and Australia. Drawing on empirical and historical data derived from the case studies, two questions are explored in this study: What constitutes feminist practices in a feminist organisation? How can feminist practices be sustained?. Two feminist-run Sexual Assault Centres (SACs), one in Korea, one in Australia are studied and analysed, involving 32, in-depth interviews with activists of the two centres, non-participant and participant observation, and document analysis. First, this thesis provides a detailed account of feminist practice and organisational dynamics among feminist organisations, the feminist movement and the state. This thesis confirms that the practices of feminist organisations are seen as dynamic processes constituted by the context in which they are situated, the role of feminist activists and the nature and strength of the broader women's movement. This study, in particular, demonstrates that the relationship of the organisation with the state is a strong determinant in constructing feminist practices. Second, this thesis examines organisational practices at different phases such as the establishment, development and crisis phases. As both centres were experiencing crises, the study illuminates that the crisis in each centre has provided an opportunity for re-examination and reflection on their practices in shifting internal and external contexts. This study also suggests that continuous reflexive attention is necessary to maintain feminist practices. Moreover, the study demonstrates that the role of the activists in constructing and maintaining feminist practices is critical, in particular, in small organisations such as the ASAC and KSAC. This research, the first major study on feminist practices in Korea and Australia, makes a significant contribution to the study of feminist organisations, the state and, in general, feminist theory.

In the past decade there has been growing recognition that a sexual abuse history may manifest during health care examinations. More recently, awareness has been raised about a possible link between a history of sexual abuse and traumatic labour and birth. It is theoretically likely that the intimacy of labour and birth for women with a history of sexual abuse may trigger post-traumatic stress symptomatology. In this cross sectional study, a survey method was used to establish prevalence of sexual abuse and to measure obstetric outcomes, birth experience and birth trauma in a cohort of women who have recently given birth and to test whether there are associations between sexual abuse and birth outcomes. Eighty-five women whose 3½ to 5 year old children attend kindergarten participated. Lifetime sexual abuse was found to be a common experience for study participants. One out of every three women disclosed an experience of sexual abuse in her lifetime. A history of sexual abuse was not associated with adverse labour and birth outcomes; however women with a positive sexual abuse history were more likely to report postnatal depression. A quarter of the women had PTSD symptoms but overall, women had positive birth experiences and felt well supported. Many women are able to overcome traumatic abuse experiences and successfully cope with birth, an event that may potentially replicate the dynamics of sexual abuse. Further research is needed to identify women who may be at high risk for traumatic birth experiences. Undertaking screening for sexual abuse in the antenatal period in a safe environment may provide reassurance for women and enable identification of those women at high risk for abuse related traumatic birth experiences.