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71	Subsistence at Si•čǝ’nǝł: the Willows Beach site and the culture history of southeastern Vancouver Island Willerton, Ila Moana 03 September 2009 (has links) Culture types in Pacific Northwest archaeology are characteristic artifact assemblages distinguishing different prehistoric periods. Assemblages indicate a culture type transition during the 2,630 BP–270 BP occupation of Willows Beach (DcRt-10), southeastern Vancouver Island. Faunal remains could reveal links to subsistence patterns, following Croes’s theory that culture type change reflects subsistence intensification. Five dated DcRt-10 faunal assemblages underwent taxonomic and size classification, weighing and MNI calculation. Vertebrate weight and NISP percentages were compared between stratigraphic units associated with the later Gulf of Georgia and earlier Locarno Beach culture types. The youngest assemblage contains a smaller proportion of land mammal bone, suggesting increased sea mammal, fish, and bird procurement. Faunal remains also suggest a greater variety of taxa exploited over time. Faunal assemblages suggest that culture type change at DcRt-10 is the product of subsistence change, increasing knowledge of the culture historic sequence of this region. Willows Beach Vancouver Island zooarchaeology subsistence Pacific Northwest Coast culture types culture historic sequence Locarno Beach Gulf of Georgia faunal assemblages DcRt-10 faunal remains MNI NISP bone weight faunal identification radiocarbon dates column sample artifact assemblages harpoons bone points taphonomy taxonomic categories subsistence change
72	Canoes and colony: the dugout canoe as a site of intercultural engagement in the colonial context of British Columbia (1849-1871) Wenstob, Stella Maris 15 April 2015 (has links) The cedar dugout canoe is iconically associated with First Nations peoples of the Pacific Northwest coast, but the vital contribution it made to the economic and social development of British Columbia is historically unrecognized. This beautifully designed and crafted oceangoing vessel, besides being a prized necessity to the maritime First Nations peoples, was an essential transportation link for European colonists. In speed, maneuverability, and carrying capacity it vied with any other seagoing technology of the time. The dugout canoe became an important site of engagement between First Nations peoples and settlers. European produced textual and visual records of the colonial period are examined to analyze the dugout canoe as a site of intercultural interaction with a focus upon the European representation. This research asks: Was the First Nations' dugout canoe essential to colonial development in British Columbia and, if so, were the First Nations acknowledged for this vital contribution? Analysis of primary archival resources (letters and journals), images (photographs, sketches and paintings) and colonial publications, such as the colonial dispatches, memoirs and newspaper accounts, demonstrate that indeed the dugout canoe and First Nations canoeists were essential to the development of the colony of British Columbia. However, these contributions were differentially acknowledged as the colony shifted from a fur trade-oriented operation to a settler-centric development that emphasized the alienation of First Nations’ land for settler use. By focusing research on the dugout canoe and its use and depiction by Europeans, connections between European colonists and First Nations canoeists, navigators and manufacturers are foregrounded. This focus brings together these two key historical players demonstrating their “entangled” nature (Thomas 1991:139) and breaking down “silences” and “trivializations” in history (Trouillot 1995:96), working to build an inclusive and connected history of colonial British Columbia. / Graduate dugout canoe cedar canoe Pacific Northwest coast British Columbia history Colonial development Colonial period (1849-1871) Canadian history Indigenous labour Indigenous technology Intercultural engagement Entanglement Representation First Nations peoples Art history Settler Newcomer-aboriginal relations Kwakwa̱ka̱’wakw Transportation Erasure/ silences Hidden history Material culture studies Recreation Regatta mail delivery surveying Shared history Coast Salish Nuu-chah-nulth Haida Maritime technology Cultural anthropology Ethnohistory Labour studies Heiltsuk Visual anthropology Verbal representation

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Subsistence at Si•čǝ’nǝł: the Willows Beach site and the culture history of southeastern Vancouver Island

Canoes and colony: the dugout canoe as a site of intercultural engagement in the colonial context of British Columbia (1849-1871)