The purpose with a TPM is to ease the workload for both the maintenance organization and the airline. Until today Norwegian has had problems caused by absence of clear directives how the administrative work between the maintenance organization and the airline should go on. Norwegian wants a manual where issues about responsibility distribution, working procedures and the way of business are clearly illustrated and described. In this project we have focused on a couple of chosen procedures as “Technical Log Procedure”, “Work Order Procedure” and “Spare Part Procedure”. We have tried to create an easy-lucid and user-friendly manual as a result of flowcharts and declaring pictures. The work has been performed in Norwegian´s head office at Stockholm Arlanda Airport.

Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to make a business analysis of the Global Shipping industry, using a sample of four shipping companies in Norway, in order to establish whether the profitability is prosperous and sustainable enough for future growth. Also which different factors have been affecting the profitability. Background: Both the International and the Norwegian Shipping industry has been seen as an fluctuating industry, characterized poor returns, short market cycles where market booms have caused extraordinary returns. Additionally the shipping industry has recently been seen as a non-sustainable industry, where the proportion of its actions has not covered its sustainability, where, for example the vessels internationally have been seen to release a great amount of greenhouse gases. Method: Annual reports from 1970 – 2009 have been used in order to establish the profitability and sustainability reporting within the Norwegian Shipping in-dustry, additionally interviews have been conducted in order to gather knowledge within Sustainability reporting and being Sustainable, as well as relevant journals have been gathered from diverse databases. Conclusion: The findings of this thesis present that the shipping industry has not been sustainable, and that its growth has been fluctuating. Thus the conclusion being that the shipping industry is a very fluctuating industry where each company is driven by profit maximizing and thinking of their survival in a short-term perspective, rather than a long-term perspective.

This paper empirically investigates the cointegrated relationship between oil price and nominal exchange rate of US Dollar/ Norwegian Krone (USD/NOK) which is covering a time period from 2001 to 2011. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller test, Engle-Granger test and Error Correction Mechanism are employed for this research. This paper concludes that there is a cointegrated relationship between oil price and nominal exchange rate of USD/NOK in the long term.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2003. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 206-216).

This dissertation is an investigation of the use, change, and status of the distinctive local dialect in rural Valdres, Norway. The Norwegian sociolinguistic situation has long been recognized as complicated by a protracted history of language planning and standardization, in which two competing written norms of Norwegian, called Bokmål and Nynorsk, are symbolically and ideologically associated with urban and rural identities, respectively. In addition, while Norwegians can choose from two written norms, no recognized standard exists for spoken Norwegian, and citizens are officially encouraged to use their native, local dialects. The present study approaches this situation through a case study of language use in Valdres today.In the summer of 2005, the distinctive dialect of the rural Valdres valley was voted "Norway's most popular dialect" on one of the country's most listened-to national radio programs, an event that both reflects and has contributed to a recent revaluation of the local dialect. Yet the results of previous dialectological research in Valdres have clearly pointed to long-term convergence toward what locals call "city language" -- the speech of nearby urban Oslo. While evidence of this decades-long trend is not contradicted by the findings of this dissertation research, the present study suggests that there may be more than one direction of dialect change in Valdres today. Despite ongoing changes in dialect morpho-lexis and phonology in the direction of urban regional speech, there is also a large number of relatively resistant dialect features in contemporary Valdresmål, and, even more importantly, evidence of a re-expansion of the dialect among younger speakers, which appears to align with forms found in written Nynorsk, the alternative "rural" norm. The simultaneous sociolinguistic trends of dialect convergence, non-convergence, and divergence in the contemporary Valdres dialect vis-a-vis urban regional norms thus provide an interesting and complicated case of language variation and change.This dissertation combines methods from linguistic and cultural anthropology, ethnographic sociolinguistics, and acoustic phonetics to provide an illuminating analysis of the local relationships between standard and non-standard varieties, between written and spoken forms, and between contemporary language use and historically-rooted language ideologies.

This dissertation deals with semantics of modality in general and semantics of the Norwegian modal verbs in particular. My lead-off assumption is that modality deals with people’s attitude towards the trustworthiness of propositions (epistemic attitude) and the presence or absence of obstacles for a state of affairs to occur (non-epistemic attitude). I distinguish between neutral and non-neutral attitude on the one hand and between simple and complex attitude on the other. Neutral attitude means that, in the speaker’s view (or someone else’s view, if the speaker is reporting others’ attitude), there are no obstacles to accept a proposition as correct or a state of affairs as likely to occur. However, the speaker may equally accept that the same proposition may turn out to be incorrect, or the same state of affairs may turn out not to be worth to occur. In either case, no conflict will arise between the speaker’s beliefs (expectations) and the reality. Non-neutral attitude means that the speaker only is willing to accept a proposition as correct, or a state of affairs as likely to occur. If the proposition turns out to be incorrect, or the state of affairs turns out not to be likely to occur, a conflict arises between the speaker’s beliefs (expectations) and reality. At the same time, the speaker may signal that other participants may have different attitudes than her own, which does not mean that the speaker is unsure about her own attitude. I use the terms simple and... [to full text] / Šioje disertacijoje tyrinėjama modalumo semantika, ypatingą dėmesį skiriant norvegų kalbos modaliniams veiksmažodžiams. Modalumas suvokiamas kaip kategorija, susijusi su žmonių požiūriu į propozicijų tikėtinumą (episteminis požiūris) ir į kliūčių įvykiams įvykti ar situacijoms susiklostyti buvimą ar nebuvimą (neepisteminis požiūris). Išskiriami, viena vertus, neutralus ir neneutralus požiūris, ir, kita vertus, paprastas ir kompleksinis požiūris. Terminas paprastas požiūris vartojamas kalbant apie atvejus, kai kalbėtojas posakyje tik išreiškia vieną požiūrį, nesudarymas prielaidų manyti, kad egzistuoja ir kitokių požiūrių galimybė. Terminas kompleksinis požiūris vartojamas kalbant apie atvejus, kai kalbėtojas, išreikšdamas vieną požiūrį, sykiu leidžia manyti, kad galima turėti ir kitokį, alternatyvų požiūrį. Neutralus požiūris visada būna paprastas, o neneutralus gali būti arba paprastas, arba kompleksinis. Toliau disertacijoje šis modelis pritaikomas norvegų kalbos modalinius veiksmažodžių KUNNE, MÅTTE, SKULLE, VILLE ir BURDE semantiniam aprašui. Esamojo laiko forma kan dažniausiai vartojama neutraliam požiūriui išreikšti, o esamojo laiko formos må, skal ir vil dažniausiai vartojamos paprastam neneutraliam požiūriui išreikšti. Ir esamojo laiko forma bør, ir būtojo laiko (preterito) forma burde dažniausiai vartojamos kompleksiniam neneutraliam požiūriui reikšti. Būtojo laiko formos skulle ir ville gali būti pavartojamos ne temporaline reikšme, transformuojant paprastą... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

Šioje disertacijoje tyrinėjama modalumo semantika, ypatingą dėmesį skiriant norvegų kalbos modaliniams veiksmažodžiams. Modalumas suvokiamas kaip kategorija, susijusi su požiūriu į propozicijų tikėtinumą (episteminis požiūris) ir kliūčių buvimą ar nebuvimą įvykiams įvykti ar situacijoms susiklostyti (neepisteminis požiūris). Išskiriami, viena vertus, neutralus ir neneutralus požiūris, ir, kita vertus, paprastas ir kompleksinis požiūris. Terminas paprastas požiūris vartojamas kalbant apie atvejus, kai kalbėtojas posakyje tik išreiškia vieną požiūrį, nesudarymas prielaidų manyti, kad egzistuoja ir kitokių požiūrių galimybė. Terminas kompleksinis požiūris vartojamas kalbant apie atvejus, kai kalbėtojas, išreikšdamas vieną požiūrį, sykiu leidžia manyti, kad galima turėti ir kitokį, alternatyvų požiūrį. Neutralus požiūris visada būna paprastas, o neneutralus požiūris gali būti arba paprastas, arba kompleksinis. Toliau disertacijoje šis modelis pritaikomas norvegų kalbos modalinių veiksmažodžių KUNNE, MÅTTE, SKULLE, VILLE ir BURDE semantiniam aprašui. Esamojo laiko forma kan dažniausiai vartojama neutraliam požiūriui išreikšti, o esamojo laiko formos må, skal ir vil dažniausiai vartojamos paprastam neneutraliam požiūriui išreikšti. Ir esamojo laiko forma bør, ir būtojo laiko (preterito) forma burde dažniausiai vartojamos kompleksiniam neneutraliam požiūriui reikšti. Būtojo laiko formos skulle ir ville gali būti pavartojamos ne temporaline reikšme, transformuojant paprastą... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / This dissertation deals with semantics of modality in general and semantics of the Norwegian modal verbs in particular. My starting point is the assumption that modality deals with people’s attitude towards the trustworthiness of propositions (epistemic attitude) and the presence or absence of obstacles for states of affairs to occur (non-epistemic attitude). I distinguish between neutral and non-neutral attitude on the one hand and between simple and complex attitude on the other. The terms simple and complex attitude are used to distinguish between cases where the speaker in her utterance expresses only one attitude without admitting any alternative attitudes (simple), and cases where she expresses one attitude at the same time as she signals in the same utterance that other participants may have a different attitude towards the status of the target of attitude (complex). Neutral attitude is always simple, while non-neutral attitude may be either simple or complex. Then I apply this model on the Norwegian modal verbs KUNNE, MÅTTE, SKULLE, VILLE and BURDE. I argue that the present tense form kan typically expresses neutral attitude, while the present tense forms må, skal and vil typically express non-neutral simple attitude. Both the present tense form bør and the preterite form burde typically express non-neutral complex attitude. The preterite forms skulle and ville may be used with non-temporal meaning, to transform a non-neutral simple attitude into complex attitude.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Texas at Austin, 2008. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

Den 28 februari år 2015 utbryter en strejk på flygbolaget Norwegian. Drygt ett år senare, den 10 juni år 2016, sker samma sak på flygbolaget SAS. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka hur de båda nämnda företagen hanterade respektive strejk kommunikativt. Företagens pressreleaser i samband med respektive strejk analyseras ur ett förtroendeperspektiv i form av det retoriska begreppet ethos, samt ett kriskommunikationsperspektiv i form av teorin imagereparerande strategier. Pressreleaserna har valts ut för att främja studiens syfte och analyseras främst genom tillämpning av närläsning och hermeneutik och därav svarar studien för kvalitativa resultat. Resultatet av studien visar att både Norwegian och SAS misslyckas med sin kriskommunikation. Inget av företagen lyckas etablera något starkt förtroende hos sin publik och väljer illa lämpade strategier för respektive rådande situation.

This thesis is a play for children. The story and the characters were derived from traditional Norwegian fairy tales. The central character is Billikin Whiskers, a billy-goat, who is captured by three trolls--Sparky, Garr and Pragg. The play is set on a mountain in Norway. The central idea of the play is the issue of intelligence--represented by Billikin Whiskers--versus physical strength--symbolized by the trolls.