Comparative analysis of pre-primary education in the selected EU countries Magda Navrátilová The aim of this thesis is to identify differences between the legal rules governing pre-primary education (ISCED classification - 0) in selected European countries - England, France and Austria with legal rules governing pre-primary education in the Czech Republic. Furthermore, the aim of this thesis is to propose amendments to law based on the comparison. The thesis is composed of four parts. First part is introductory. Basics are explained there as well as used methodology. Second part is devoted to pre-primary education in selected European countries. Third part focuses on comparison of Czech legal rules to foreign legal rules. Conclusions are to be drawn in fourth part. KEYWORDS pre-primary education, law, notice, kindergarten

Termination of an Employment Relationships on the basis of one-sided legal actions Abstract This final thesis deals with the topic of termination of an Employment Relationships on the basis of one-sided legal actions. Its aim is to provide insight into the current legal regulation of labor law in the Czech Republic and to present a comprehensive overview of ways of termination of an Employment Relationships on the basis of one-sided legal actions using applicable legal regulations, legal literature and jurisprudence. This final thesis is based on the search of specialized literature and the jurisprudence of the Supreme Court of the Czech Republic, Supreme Administrative Court of the Czech Republic and Czech Constitutional Court. My final thesis in its first part explains terminology Employment Relationships, Employment Contract, Agreement to complete a job and Agreement to perform work. The main part analyses of applicable legal regulation of labor law and current jurisprudence in the field of termination of Employment Relationships on the basis of one- sided legal actions by Employer and by Employee, whose validity requires written form. The main part is dedicated to the termination by notice, immediate cancellation and cancellation of an Employment Contract during a probation period by both - by Employer...

Article 14 of the Constitution of the Republic of China provides that people have the freedom of assembly and association. It is also the fundamental human right. Although the Assembly and Parade Act was promulgated in 1988 and has been amended twice, its constitutionality has been challenged continuously. After the Council of Grand Justices made the interpretation of Shih-Zih No. 445, the legal system of assembly and parade still has not been changed and exercising assembly right still represent the practice of democracy and national sovereignty, which mainly protects the right of disadvantaged groups to express opinion and political ideas. In the multicultural and democratic society, if exercising the right positively can be highly valued, it will enhance the social harmony significantly. The respect towards exercising the freedom of assembly and the well addressing of it have become an important index to inspect a legal and democratic state. Article 35 of the Constitution of PRC provides that the people of the People's Republic of China shall have the freedom of speech, publication, assembly, association, parade and demonstration. Since the opening up and reformation of China, the social structure faced a huge transformation and the appeals of people tended to be more various, which provoked more riots and affected the stability of social economy and politics. Adopting a prevention mechanism for the collective power has become an issue for China. Following the rapid economic growth in cross-straits, Taiwan has also involved in the legal field of assembly and parade. Some enterprises have transferred asset and investment to China. Therefore, unemployed people will protest on the street and the social structure has also changed. Both of the governments in Taiwan and China need to established a mechanism and a well-structured system of administrative remedy and supervision to tackle demonstrations for a better harmonized society. Based on the 5 major frameworks of administration law, including administrative principles, administrative organization, administrative authority, administrative remedy and administrative supervision, this study aims at examining the legal system of assembly and parade in cross-straits to redress deficiency with researching by reference, historical analysis, comparative analysis and induction analysis in different aspects. Through the study, a lot of problems have been found, including the deficiency and vague definition of related law, unclear discretion standard, the need for shifting the system from permit to pre-notice, overbroad scale of restricted area, excessive harshness of criminal penalty, inadequacy of related mechanism and the systems of remedy and supers ion, political intervention and absurdity of the law. Overall, restriction exceeds protection. For promoting the mutual development and communication of cross-straits, both of the government in Taiwan and China should examine the problems dwelling in the law and further to review and perform modification, as well as establishing an assessment system.The admendemt of the legal system should move forwards to ¡§protecting the freedom of people as human right¡¨ of the Constitution, so as to fulfill the spirit of the Constitution and the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, namely, protecting human right.

Galimybe įsidarbinti Europos Sąjungos institucijose domisi daugelis valstybių narių piliečių. Toks darbas suteikia ypatingą patirtį unikalioje organizacinėje struktūroje, garantuoja ypač įvairias veiklos galimybes, suteikia visas įmanomas socialines garantijas ir motyvuojantį atlyginimą. Pagrindinis būdas tapti Europos Sąjungos pareigūnu yra laimėti atvirą konkursą, kurį paskelbia visų institucijų konkursus organizuojantis Europos Personalo atrankos biuras – EPSO. Nuo 2004 m. gegužės 1 d. tokiuose konkursuose gali dalyvauti ir Lietuvos piliečiai. Magistro baigiamajame darbe "Konkursai įsidarbinti Europos Sąjungos institucijose ir Lietuvos piliečių galimybės juose" siekta išnagrinėti, kodėl ES institucijose dirba palyginti mažas lietuvių skaičius ir išsiaiškinti, kiek tai yra susiję su atsakingų Lietuvos institucijų veikla. Taip pat norėta išanalizuoti konkursų organizavimo ir reglamentavimo raidą Europos Sąjungoje, išnagrinėti darbo skelbimo struktūrą, reikalavimus kandidatams ir konkurso etapus bei apibūdinti darbą Europos Sąjungos institucijose, atkreipiant dėmesį į ES pareigūno tarnybos ypatumus. Apibendrinant išnagrinėjus konkursų įsidarbinti Europos Sąjungos institucijose organizavimą ir atlikus anketinę ES institucijose jau dirbančių Lietuvos piliečių apklausą siekta parodyti jų galimybes sėkmingai dalyvauti konkursuose bei pateikti rekomendacijas, kokių papildomų priemonių šioje srityje turėtų imtis Lietuvos institucijos. Šiame darbe vartojamos tokios pagrindinės... [to full text] / Possibility to work in EU institutions is an interest of many citizens of the Member states. Such a job gives a special experience in an unique organizational structure, guarantees extremely wide area of activities, provides with all possible social benefits and motivating salary. The main way how to become a EU official is to win an open competition which is organized by EPSO – European Personnel Selection Office – which is responsible for the competitions of all institutions. The citizens of Lithuania has also got this opportunity since 1st of May in 2004. The aim with the master work „Competitions in order to get a job in the institutions of the European Union assessing Lithuanians‘ potential“ was to scrutinize why a considerably small number of Lithuanians is working in EU institutions and to find out how it is combined with the activities of the responsible Lithuanian institutions. The aim was also to provide an overview of the development of competitions’ organization and reglamentation in the EU, to evaluate the structure of the Notice of competition, requirements for the candidates, the stages of competitions and to characterize the work in the EU paying attention to the work specifics of the EU official. Having the knowledge how the competitions are organized and having the results of the questionnaire of the Lithuanians who already work for EU institutions it was possible to evaluate their opportunities to participate successfully in the competitions and to propose... [to full text]

Users are increasingly expected to manage complex privacy settings in their normal online interactions. From shopping to social networks, users make decisions about sharing their personal information with corporations and contacts, frequently with little assistance. Current solutions require customers to read long documents or go out of their way to manage complex settings buried deep in the management interfaces, all of which lead to little or no actual control. The goal of this work is to help people cope with the shifting privacy landscape. While our work looks at many aspects of how users make decisions regarding their privacy, this dissertation focuses on two specific areas: the current state of web privacy policies and mobile phone application permissions. We explored consumers' current understanding of privacy in these domains, and then used that knowledge to iteratively design and test more comprehensible information displays. These prototyped information displays should not be seen as final commercially-ready solutions, but as examples of privacy notices that can help users think about, cope with, and make decisions regarding their data privacy. We conclude with a series of design suggestions motivated by our findings.

Thesis (doctoral)--Universiẗat Kiel, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 199-208).

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:43:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 880065 bytes, checksum: 7e20d2a6b9f8782d50414d56b8c252a8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-08-31 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The aim of this paper is to describe the functioning of modalizations as an argumentative-semantic strategy of the genre Public Notice, which purpose is to advertise or publicize the fact that must be known. It is a genre used by most of the public and private institutions in our country, but poorly studied, possibly because it is an official document of impersonal nature. Our corpus is composed by eight Public Notices. In the analyzes we describe the modalizations as an argumentative-semantic strategy present in the texts and the effects of meaning generated within the discourse. Our investigation,descriptive in nature, focusing on studies of modalization, proposed by several authors, as Castilho and Castilho (2002), Cervoni (1989), Lyons (1977), Koch (2000), Silva (2007), Nascimento (2009, 2010), Silva e Nascimento (2012), among others, and supports itself in the concept of argumentation by Ducrot and his collaborators (1988 and 1994). The theoretical approach allowed us to understand how these modalizations work strategically in that genre.It was observed along the stretches analyzed,that the deontic modals and delimiters were the most used, demonstrating the concern of the speakers to leave marks on the statements, in order to maintain constant dialogue with their interlocutors, reporting, therefore, a strong commitment on the part of the responsibles for the speeches. These linguistic-discursive elements have functioned not only as indices of subjectivity in the texts, indicating a positioning of the speaker forward to what was said, but also as indicators of intersubjectivity, in other words, they are used by the speaker to interact with his interlocutor, indicating how this one should act. The presence of modal constitutes a characteristic of the Public Notice due to its instructional nature genre given the instructional nature of the Public Notice, that often more than make public a certain fact, as a public selective exam, a concurrence etc., it guides the interested parties (intelocutors) how to act and what procedures to take upon what is being published. / O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever o funcionamento das modalizações como estratégia semântico-argumentativa do gênero Edital, cuja finalidade é anunciar ou tornar público fato que deve ser conhecido. Trata-se de um gênero utilizado por grande parte das instituições públicas e privadas em nosso país, porém ainda pouco estudado, possivelmente por tratar-se de documento oficial de cunho impessoal. Nosso corpus é composto por oito editais. Nas análises, descrevemos as modalizações como estratégia semântico-argumentativa presentes nos textos e os efeitos de sentido gerados no interior do discurso. Nossa investigação é de natureza descritiva, tendo como foco os estudos sobre modalização, propostos por vários autores, como Castilho e Castilho (2002), Cervoni (1989), Lyons (1977), Koch (2000), Silva (2007), Nascimento (2009, 2010), Silva e Nascimento (2012), entre outros, e se apoia na concepção de argumentação de Ducrot e seus colaboradores (1988 e 1994). O referencial teórico adotado nos permitiu entender como essas modalizações funcionam estrategicamente no referido gênero. Observamos, ao longo da investigação, que os modalizadores deônticos e delimitadores foram os mais utilizados, demonstrando a preocupação dos locutores em deixar marcas nos enunciados, no intuito de manter diálogo constante com seus interlocutores, denunciando, portanto, um forte engajamento por parte dos responsáveis pelos discursos. Esses elementos linguístico-discursivos têm funcionado não só como índices de subjetividade nos textos, indicando um posicionamento do locutor frente ao dito, mas também como indicadores de intersubjetividade, ou seja, são utilizados pelo locutor para interagir com seu interlocutor, indicando como esse deve agir. A presença dos modalizadores, em especial dos deônticos e delimitadores, se constitui em uma característica do gênero, dado o caráter instrucional do edital, que muitas vezes mais do que tornar público um determinado fato, como um concurso público, uma concorrência etc., orienta os interessados (interlocutores) como agir e quais procedimentos tomar diante do que está sendo publicado.

The problematics of contamination of outdoor play grounds is very relevant at present, but a topic which is often forgotten, because not many people actually realise the risks of transfer of infections by the contamination of soil. In my work I specialised in the description of the life cycle of geohelminths, the appearance of infections caused by geohelminths in people and how to prevent this. I applied myself especially to the parasites, which I found in the collected samples during my research, especially Toxocara canis, T. cati, Ascaris spp., Trichostrongylus spp., Toxascaris spp. The research took place between October 2009 and April 2010, on selected locations, where I took samples for laboratory analysis. I carried out the analysis in the laboratory of Parasitologic Institute of the Academy of Science of the Czech Republic. The aim of this work was to map the level of parasite contamination on the outdoor play grounds. I divided the outdoor grounds into areas which are being kept by kinder-gardens (nursery schools) and areas that have no oficial keeper. From this evolves the following hypothesis: the play grounds that are opened to the general public without restrictions and have no official keeper are contaminated by parasites. The research has confirmed my hypothesis.

This thesis is concerned with particular ways in which a lease of apartment can end according to new Civil Code no. 89/2012 col. and act no. 90/2012 col., new corporate law, and a comparison with previous legislation. At the outset the paper briefly introduces historical evolution and end of appartment rental institution from the Civil Code of 1811 to the present. The basic terms such as apartment and contract of lease are defined in the next part. The main text is concerned with the ways of ending a contract, predominantly the institution of eviction. The thesis also examines some related questions, such as handing off apartments or plurality of subjects either among tenants or among landlords. The paper concludes with evaluation of changes the new civic law brought about.

The aim of this thesis is to analyze current legislation of notice of termination and refer to some of the questionable area of this termination. The thesis also offers some of the proposals of amendments de lege ferenda. Reasons of these proposals are that notice of termination of employment as unilateral legal act brings negative aftermath mainly for employee, but in some cases also for employer and legislation should prevent these negative effects or at least minimized them. The thesis is divided into seven chapters. The first chapter deals with position of labor law and his relationship with the civil law, due to subsidiary using of the civil code. The second chapter describes the legal facts that lead to the notice of termination, with an emphasis on legal act, because notice of termination is an unilateral legal act which must fulfill the statutory requirements. The third chapter discusses national and international sources of law of regulation of notice of termination. The main part of the thesis is contained in chapter four, which deals with the current legislation of notice of termination. This chapter, with the help of the case law, deals with formal and content page of notice of termination, her delivery, notice of termination by employees and employers, prohibiting the possibility of...