Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Literatura / La presente tesis tiene por objetivo analizar dos novelas del escritor Roberto Bolaño, cuyos relatos transcurren, en su mayoría, en Chile: nos referimos a Estrella Distante (1996) y a Nocturno de Chile (2000). Dos obras, a su vez, cuyos narradores formaron parte del contexto de la Unidad Popular y del régimen militar pinochetista, quienes, además, están asociados a la literatura de acuerdo al desempeño de sus oficios: el de la primera novela es un poeta y el otro, el de la segunda, un crítico literario y poeta venido a menos. Por lo tanto, analizaremos en las páginas siguientes el vínculo entre poder político y poder cultural según el grado de participación de cada narrador en las prácticas socioculturales presentes, por sobre todo, en la dictadura chilena, con el fin de dilucidar el modo en que recrean, ya desde la posdictadura (instancia desde donde narran), sus discursos-recuerdos en torno al crudo período que significó el mandato de la Junta Militar.

Informe de Seminario de Grado para optar al grado de Licenciada en Lengua y Literatura Inglesa / Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades / "Factotum‟, published in 1975, tells the daily life of Henry Chinaski, writer's own transcript, a writer who lives with resignation and weariness after being saved from going to war, and accepts all kinds of rubbish jobs to survive, and to clear his conscience while focused on pursuing what really fulfils him: writing. His self-destructive behavior seems to respond viscerally to a sort of instinctive urge in a universe declining and lacking self-pity. Chinaski is too conscious of his curse, he is destined to live a difficult existence in which he finds people predictable or he simply "do not like" them. For the purpose of the analysis of his writing style, „Factotum‟ and several poems from the anthology „The Pleasures of the Damned‟ will be necessary. It has been said that Bukowski with his terse, brusque and forceful prose, is the atrocious novelist of the great urban jungle: the destitute, prostitutes, drunks, in other words, he is the novelist of the human waste of the American Dream.

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El trabajo escritural de Carlos Droguett se concentra principalmente entre los años 1940 a 1973. Su escritura desde el comienzo adquiere la dimensión de un proyecto literario con claro carácter programático. Uno de los vínculos que permite leer la literatura de Droguett como un todo organizado por un principio constructor es su relación con la historia, particularmente, el proceso de reescritura que realiza de ésta. Así, por ejemplo, en Los asesinados del Seguro Obrero (1940) y 60 muertos en la escalera (1953) reescribe la matanza del seguro obrero acontecida el 5 de septiembre de 1938; Eloy (1960) refiere las últimas horas de Eleodoro Hernández Astudillo más conocido como Eloy; El compadre (1965) relata la historia de Ramón Neira cuyo telón de fondo es la asunción de Pedro Aguirre Cerda a la presidencia representando al frente popular; 100 gotas de sangre y 200 de sudor (1961) y Supay el Cristiano (1967) narran los primeros años de la Conquista de Chile; El hombre que trasladaba ciudades (1973) relata la historia del conquistador Juan Núñez de Prado, quien trasladó y fundó la ciudad de Barco en tres ocasiones. Matar a los Viejos (póstuma, 2001) está ambientada en la Dictadura Militar en Chile y Sobre la ausencia (póstuma, 2009) refiere la misa que se realizó después del Golpe de Estado a la cual acudieron los cuatro generales de la Junta Militar y los últimos presidentes de Chile.

Autor no autoriza el acceso a texto completo de su documento. / The issue of dominance and submissiveness in Virginia Woolf’s (1927) To The Lighthouse will be the center of this study because of a number of reasons. Virginia Woolf shows an interesting mixture composed of governing and subservient figures in her novels. These first ones are represented mainly by men such as Mr. Ramsay, and the second ones, by women such as Mrs. Ramsay. The creation of this dichotomy is clearly influenced by the Post-Victorian environment in which Woolf grew up and wrote. There is an innovative way to present us these characters because she shows us the reality of dominance and obedience in a sarcastic way, that is, by saying something when she wants to state the opposite. Virginia Woolf’s novels are characterized by the presence of governing and subservient protagonists. This happens due to the context in which she created her novels, that is, the Post Victorian period. Nevertheless, there is an attempt to balance these two complementary forces, dominant and submissive, in order to criticize the established order. She did it in a subtle way, though; the social conventions at that period prevented her from going any further. The aim of this essay will be to discover the element that makes dominance and submission to be apparent in the characters, this key element could be the post- Victorian society or a personal contribution of the author, specifically a modern strategy, to change society from the individual rather than system. This work will be a contribution in the sense that as a starting hypothesis is that dominant and submissive figures in Woolf’s novels are presented in a non-traditional fashion. Therefore, one of the contributions of exploring these seemingly ascendant and passive representations would be to encourage a more realistic approach to characters, leaving aside stereotypical notions. Another contribution of this study, which lies on the examination of artistic and aesthetic motivations, is related to aesthetic purposes of the author. However, these are treated in an innovative way, not explaining much about their nature with practical language, but using rhetoric and poetic resources. Finally, it is important to relate these dichotomies to Woolf’s Modernism.

Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciada en Lengua y Literatura Inglesa / As human beings, we are in constant awareness of our past and memories. We tend to attach significance to life events, places and people that make up our lives. Remembering a memory allows us to relieve that moment once again, nevertheless it never evokes the same feelings that the original did. Moreover we are not able to remember everything, but unconsciously, we retain specific moments in our mind. Aware of all of this, Virginia Woolf wrote “A sketch of the past” published in “Moments of being”, A Collection of Autobiographical Writings. In this work, Woolf tells us about her early years, and she describes and introduces people and places that build her life. She feels so connected to these situations, that she made them part of her memory. But she also discusses that certain things may get remembered, while others simply fade away. Because of this, she says that she does not control these moments and in the same way that she kept them in her memory, they came to her present reality, making her feel powerless. Although all of these descriptions Woolf never gives an accurate definition of “moments of being”, instead she asserts that these episodes of “ecstasy” are “embedded in a kind of nondescript cotton wool” (Woolf, ‘Sketch’72) forgotten in the everyday life were “a great part of every day is not lived consciously” (Woolf, ‘Sketch’70). These moments are called “moments of non-being”. Moments of being can be related to a moment of evocation, as they reveal something beneath the “cotton wool”.

Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciado en Lengua y Literatura Inglesa / From this richness of descriptions in the novel, this analysis ventures to, first, report how the hegemonic Victorian discourse on marriage is presented in the novel and, second, describe the characters’ relation to this discourse, in other words, how they interact and conflict with it. The last stage in the analysis, from a gender-role perspective, will be an attempt to glimpse Woolf’s modern conception on the nature of human relation through her character’s interaction, and how the discourse on marriage and its gender-role expectations shapes and effects the connection among the characters in the novel.

Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciada en Lengua y Literatura Inglesa / The aim of the present work is to demonstrate that The Doctor is Sick sets out the way in which the subject abandons the institutionalized boundaries of the sign, understood under the structuralism constraints, and discovers a New World characterized by the sign deconstruction. The analogy for that purpose is an Old World that functions as a living body machine, and a New World that is unstable, infinite and subject-dependent; characterized as an anti-hegemonic corpse. As a patient/doctor, the subject dissects what was unknown and invisible by providing an anatomical reading of his lethargic route.

Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciado en Lengua y Literatura Hispánica mención Literatura

Informe de Seminario para optar al grado de Licenciado en Lengua y Literatura Hispánica mención Literatura