Since the publication of Charles Williams' novels, first in England and more recently in the United States, comment has varied between the extremes of "major" and "intolerable." It is desired to confine this study to the seven novels.

The purpose of this thesis is to evaluate Kenneth Roberts' transmutation of American history into living literature. This examination will cover the following novels: Arundel (1929), The Lively Lady (1931), Rabble in Arms (1933), Captain Caution (1934), Northwest Passage (1937), Oliver Wiswell (1940), and Lydia Bailey (1947).

The purpose of this thesis is to study the novels of Maria Edgeworth in an attempt to discover whether or not her novels have merit beyond their representation of the manners and morals of her historical period. This involves first an examination of her novels in the light of such criticism as has given rise to the question of their importance.

A thesis submitted in fulfillment of the requirements of the degree of Doctor of phisophy in the Faculty of Arts, in the Department of IsiZulu naMagugu at the University of Zululand, 2009. / Lolu cwaningo lumayelana nekhono lokuchaza emanovelini ka-J.M. Mngadi. Ziningi-ke izinto azichazayo emanovelini akhe uMngadi. Kulo msebenzi sigxile ikakhulu ekhonweni aliveza uma echaza izigameko kanye nabalingiswa. Sikhethe uMngadi ngoba sibona ukuthi uyena ogxilayo ekuchazeni okuningi asuke exoxa ngakho. Ukuchaza kuze kugubheke isisele ephokophelele ukuthi ofunda indaba aqonde kahle ukuthi uxoxa ngani.

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The speech category approach of mainstream narratology does not give an adequate account of the form or the function of presentations by narrators to readers of fictional characters' minds. It: privileges the apparently mimetic categories of direct thought and free indirect thought over the diegetic category of thought report; views characters' minds as consisting only of a private, passive flow of consciousness, because of its overestimation of inner speech; and neglects the thought report of characters' states of mind. I suggest a radical reconceptualization, using the parallel discourses of Russian psycholinguistics and the philosophy of mind to fill the gaps left by narratology. For example, Vygotsky, Luria, Volosinov and Bakhtin show that inner speech is social in origin, dialogic in nature, and directs and regulates our day-to-day behaviour. Also, the philosophy of mind emphasises the importance of dispositions to behave in certain ways. A functional, teleological approach to fictional presentations of the whole mind, both states of mind and inner speech, analyses the purposive nature of characters' thought: their motives, intentions and resulting behaviour and action. It also shows how readers read plots as the interaction of characters' 'embedded narratives': their perceptual and conceptual viewpoints, ideological worldviews, and plans for the future. The embedded narrative approach is a theoretical framework which: considers the whole of a particular fictional mind, thereby avoiding the fragmentation of previous approaches; views characters' minds, not just in terms of passive, private inner speech presented in direct or free indirect thought, but in terms of the narrator's positive linking role in presenting characters' social, engaged mental functioning, particularly in the mode of thought report; and highlights the role of the reader in constructing the plot by means of a series of provisional conjectures and hypotheses about characters' embedded narratives.

An examination of the 13 novels of John Galt on which his literary reputation mainly depends. After a brief account of his life intended to explain influences of place, language and thought which affected his work, these novels are considered in chronological order.1/ Galt's novels are diverse in technique and style and are often innovative, especially the "theoretical histories" and the political novels. 2/ Galt used the term "theoretical history" in a different sense from Dugald Stewart who applied it to a class of speculative enquiry practised by the philosophers and historians of the Scottish Enlightenment. On the other hand, many of his novels reflect the theories about the nature and evolution of society developed by the thinkers of the Scottish Enlightenment and especially by Adam Ferguson. Galt in fact intended that the novels should be read as "fables" to demonstrate the truth of these theories. 3/ Although it was only one of his modes, Galt was particularly successful in the ironic self-revelation of an imaginary narrator, as in Annals of the Parish or The Provost and in a more elaborate form in Ringan Gilhaize, which is a complex and subtle exercise of the historical imagination. 4/ One of Galt's strengths was his handling of a rich and exuberant Scots which is integral to his humour and characterisation. 5/ The last chapter is an account of the fluctuating standing of Galt in critical opinion. He was highly praised in his own lifetime by Scott, Byron and Coleridge, but he fell into disfavour as taste became more genteel. Interest in him revived in the 1890s, when J.H.Millar drew attention to his "philosophic insight" and relationship to Scottish 18th century thought. Critical attention to him has continued to develop and his reputation now rests on a more solid foundation than ever before.

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