Doctor of Philosophy(PhD) / The main aim of this thesis was to examine whether learning processes occur in fluid intelligence (Gf) tasks, whether it is essential for them to occur for induction to take place and whether they contribute to individual differences in performance. In mainstream differential research, Gf is conceptualised as a factor important in induction tasks that are considered novel and context-free (Cattell, 1963, 1987). Thus, performance has typically been assumed to be uninfluenced by previous acquisitions of knowledge structures. Sources of individual differences in Gf task performance have been attributed to working memory capacity (WMC), particularly individual differences in the ability to combat proactive interference. In contrast, the cognitive reasoning literature associates induction with the use of prior conceptual knowledge. A middle-ground position is that Gf tasks may require learning to occur across the task, which would draw upon WMC. That is, individual differences in Gf task performance may be due to knowledge learnt across the task, rather than knowledge brought to the task. Gf items have traditionally been presented in easy-to-hard order but easier items may unintentionally provide learning opportunity for harder items. This would contradict both classic and modern test theories which make the assumption that items within a task are independent of each other. The learning hypothesis was explored in the current work along with the issue of whether it is possible to reliably solve complex Gf items without some relevant, prior knowledge. Also, the distinction between within-item induction and across-item learning was investigated, along with the relationship between across-item learning and proactive interference. An experimental-differential approach was used to manipulate learning opportunity within Gf tasks in four experiments. The first experiment examined whether learning takes place in Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices (Raven, 1962) and if so, to what extent this learning is a source of individual differences. Specifically, whether rule learning within the task is necessary for abstraction to take place and whether those of higher Gf ability learn faster than those of lower Gf ability. The next three experiments examined the distinction between knowledge that may be brought to the task, learning that occurs across multiple items in the task and induction within a single item that may be independent of any prior knowledge including knowledge learnt across the task. The effect of proactive interference as a consequence of learning and knowledge was also investigated. The experiments examined which of these are relevant to general performance (i.e., common to everyone) and which contribute to individual differences. Learning-opportunity was manipulated in a task from the cognitive reasoning literature – the Modified Sweller and Gee (MSG) Task. Traditional Series Completion tasks were used as Gf markers and data analyses employed Hierarchical Linear Modelling (HLM). The advantage of the MSG Task is that it has qualities typical of Gf tasks but unlike conventional Gf tasks, it is able to assess within-item induction in isolation from any potential influences from across-item learning. This is because it involves multiple attempts within each item with feedback, allowing single items to be administered reliably. When across-item learning opportunity is absent, the MSG Task is able to provide an estimate of participants’ within-item induction success through the number of attempts they need within a single item. The amount participants learn across items can be approximated by comparing performance on items preceded by learning opportunity (i.e., easier items with similar rule-types), with items not preceded by learning opportunity. Lastly, the effects of proactive interference can be evaluated by comparing performance on items preceded by interference (i.e., items with different rule-types) with those that are not preceded by interference. Overall, it was found that with no learning opportunity leading up to novel items (to provide relevant prior knowledge), solution was nearly impossible for all participants. When learning opportunity was provided, all participants were able to greatly improve their performance but those of higher Gf improved more. It was concluded that while Gf tasks appear visually novel, they must contain a combination of familiar elements in earlier items (which make use of knowledge that participants bring to the task) and novel elements in later items (which require the use of knowledge that must be learnt from earlier items); and those of higher Gf perform better on Gf tasks, at least partly because they are able to benefit more from the learning opportunity provided by earlier items. It was found that proactive interference affects all participants when they learn from prior items. However, insufficient evidence was found to suggest that the ability to combat proactive interference contributes to individual differences in performance.

Esse estudo tem como objetivo compreender o desenvolvimento de Sistemas Agroflorestais a partir dos elementos teóricos do desenvolvimento rural, com foco no processo de produção de novidades. O resultado geral, obtido a partir da análise de experiências empíricas no Rio Grande do Sul, se resume em uma afirmação: as agroflorestas são expressões da emergência do paradigma de desenvolvimento rural. Esse paradigma é entendido como um padrão de desenvolvimento que surge a partir da busca dos atores sociais em responder aos limites do modelo de agricultura difundido com a modernização, sobretudo o crescente aperto na renda ocasionado pelo aumento dos custos de produção e estabilização dos preços pagos aos produtos. Os atores buscam promover novas formas de fazer agricultura e criar sinergias entre a produção agrícola e outras esferas (setor de serviços, conservação de paisagens, repertórios culturais, etc.) como estratégias de desenvolvimento das regiões rurais. As agroflorestas são justamente uma dessas estratégias. Compreender os Sistemas Agroflorestais como expressões do desenvolvimento rural, contudo, só foi possível a partir do estudo de um domínio em especifico: o processo de produção de novidades. A produção de novidades é uma alternativa teórica às abordagens ortodoxas de estudo das inovações que se fundamenta em elementos da Perspectiva Orientada aos Atores e da Perspectiva Multinível das transições sociotécnicas. A interface entre as duas perspectivas elucida um quadro analítico que sugere que as transformações sociais e tecnológicas (embora dificultadas pela resistência a mudanças por parte do regime dominante) ocorrem a partir da emergência de inovações radicais (novidades), que rompem com as rotinas pré-existentes, e se desenvolvem em um cenário favorável de mudanças estruturais mais amplas. Embora os elementos teóricos sugiram certa estruturação dos sistemas sociais e tecnológicos, confere-se importância à agência dos atores sociais, que buscam cotidianamente criar novas formas de produção, relação e organização e reestruturar as práticas sociais. Os Sistemas Agroflorestais são novidades que rompem com a trajetória de especialização das unidades de produção e se conectam a construção de novos mercados, novos produtos, formas de organização e expressam a emergência de um novo padrão de exploração da natureza e das regiões rurais. / This study aims to understand the development of Agroforestry Systems from the theoretical elements of rural development, focusing on the novelty production. The overall results obtained from the analysis of empirical experiences in Rio Grande do Sul, is summed up in a statement: the agroforestry systems are expressions of the rural development’s paradigm emergence. This paradigm is understood as a pattern of development that arises from the pursuit of social actors to respond to the limits of the agricultural model widespread with modernization, specially the growing squeeze on incomes caused by rising costs of production and stabilization of prices paid to products. The actors seek to promote new ways of doing agriculture and create synergies between agricultural production and other spheres (service sector, conservation of landscapes, cultural repertoires, etc.) as strategies for developing rural areas. The agroforestry systems are just one of these strategies. Understanding agroforestry systems as expressions of rural development, however, was only possible from the study of a specific domain: the novelty production process. The novelty production has been theoretical alternative to the orthodox approaches in the study of innovation that is built on elements of the Actors Oriented Perspective and Multilevel Perspective of socio-technical transitions. The interface between the two perspectives elucidates an analytical framework which suggests that social and technological changes (although hampered by the changing resistance by the ruling regime) occur from the emergence of radical innovations (novelties), that break the pre-existing routine, and develop in a favorable scenario of wider structural changes. Although the theoretical elements suggest certain structuring of social and technological systems, a significant degree of importance must be given to the agency of social actors who seek daily to create new forms of production, relationship and restructure the organization and social practices. The agroforestry systems are novelties that break the trajectory of specialization of production units and that connect themselves to building new markets, new products, forms of organization and that express the emergence of a new pattern of exploitation of nature and rural regions.

There is a prevalent assumption in the recognition memory literature that the terms “novelty” and “familiarity” are words ascribed to differing extremities of a single memory strength continuum. The aim of the current thesis was to integrate experimental methodologies across human and rodents to further investigate novelty processing at both a cognitive and neural level, and assess whether it is dissociable from familiarity processing. This dissociation was questioned at a cognitive level in human participants in Experiments 1 to 3 and at a neural level in rats in Experiment 4 and 5. Participants were found to differentially assess novelty and familiarity when making confidence judgements about the mnemonic status of an item (Experiment 1). Additionally, novelty and familiarity processing for questioned items were found to be dissimilarly affected by the presence of a concurrent item of varying mnemonic statuses (Experiment 2 and 3). The presence of a concurrent familiar item did not impact novelty processing in the perirhinal cortex (Experiment 4 and 5), yet disrupted the neural networks established to be differentially engaged by novelty and familiarity (Experiment 5). These findings challenge the assumption that the terms “novelty” and “familiarity” relate to a single recognition memory process. Finally, to allow integration of the findings from the human and rodent experiments, the relationship between measures or recognition memory obtained from spontaneous object recognition (SOR) task in rats and recognition memory measures estimated from signal-detection based models of recognition memory in humans was investigated (Experiment 6 and 7). This revealed that novelty preference in the SOR was positively correlated to measures of recognition memory sensitivity, but not bias. Thus, this thesis argues for the future inclusion of a novelty as a dissociable process from familiarity in our understanding of recognition memory, and for the integrations of experimental methodologies used to test recognition memory across species.

abstract: The capability of cocaine-associated stimuli in eliciting craving in human addicts, even after extended periods of abstinence, is modeled in animals using cue reinstatement of extinguished cocaine-seeking behavior. This study aimed to examine brain activation in response to cocaine cues in this model apart from activation produced by test novelty using a novel cue control. Rats trained to self-administer cocaine paired with either an oscillating light or tone cue underwent daily extinction training and were then tested for reinstatement of extinguished cocaine-seeking behavior elicited by response-contingent presentations of either their assigned cocaine-paired cue or the alternate, novel cue. Additional controls received saline infusions and cue presentations yoked to a cocaine-trained rat. Brains were harvested for Fos immunohistochemistry immediately after the 90-min reinstatement test. Surprisingly, conditioned and novel cues both reinstated responding to a similar degree; however magnitude of reinstatement did vary by cue modality with the greatest reinstatement to the light cues. In most brain regions, Fos expression was enhanced in rats with a history of cocaine training regardless of cue type with the exception of the Cg1 region of the anterior cingulate cortex, which was sensitive to test cue modality. Also Fos expression within the dorsomedial caudate-putamen was correlated with responding in the novel, but not conditioned, cue groups. In subsequent experiments, we observed a similar pattern of reinstatement in rats trained and tested for sucrose-seeking behavior, whereas rats trained and tested with the cues only reinstated to a novel light and tone, but not a familiar cue. The results suggest that novel cues reinstate responding to a similar extent as conditioned cues regardless of whether animals have a history of operant-delivered drug or a natural reinforcer. Furthermore, similar brain circuits as those involved in cocaine-seeking behavior are activated by novel cues, suggesting converging processes exist to drive conditioned and novel reinforcement seeking. / Dissertation/Thesis / M.A. Psychology 2012

abstract: Geologic field trips are among the most beneficial learning experiences for students as they engage the topic of geology, but they are also difficult environments to maximize learning. This action research study explored one facet of the problems associated with teaching geology in the field by attempting to improve the transition of undergraduate students from a traditional laboratory setting to an authentic field environment. Utilizing an artificial outcrop, called the GeoScene, during an introductory college-level non-majors geology course, the transition was studied. The GeoScene was utilized in this study as an intermediary between laboratory and authentic field based experiences, allowing students to apply traditional laboratory learning in an outdoor environment. The GeoScene represented a faux field environment; outside, more complex and tangible than a laboratory, but also simplified geologically and located safely within the confines of an educational setting. This exploratory study employed a mixed-methods action research design. The action research design allowed for systematic inquiry by the teacher/researcher into how the students learned. The mixed-methods approach garnered several types of qualitative and quantitative data to explore phenomena and support conclusions. Several types of data were collected and analyzed, including: visual recordings of the intervention, interviews, analytic memos, student reflections, field practical exams, and a pre/post knowledge and skills survey, to determine whether the intervention affected student comprehension and interpretation of geologic phenomena in an authentic field environment, and if so, how. Students enrolled in two different sections of the same laboratory course, sharing a common lecture, participated in laboratory exercises implementing experiential learning and constructivist pedagogies that focused on learning the basic geological skills necessary for work in a field environment. These laboratory activities were followed by an approximate 15 minute intervention at the GeoScene for a treatment group of students (n=13) to attempt to mitigate potential barriers, such as: self-efficacy, novelty space, and spatial skills, which hinder student performance in an authentic field environment. Comparisons were made to a control group (n=12), who did not participate in GeoScene activities, but completed additional exercises and applications in the laboratory setting. Qualitative data sources suggested that the GeoScene treatment was a positive addition to the laboratory studies and improved the student transition to the field environment by: (1) reducing anxiety and decreasing heightened stimulus associated with the novelty of the authentic field environment, (2) allowing a physical transition between the laboratory and field that shifted concepts learned in the lab to the field environment, and (3) improving critical analysis of geologic phenomena. This was corroborated by the quantitative data that suggested the treatment group may have outperformed the control group in geology content related skills taught in the laboratory, and supported by the GeoScene, while in an authentic field environment (p≤0.01, δ=0.507). / Dissertation/Thesis / Ed.D. Educational Leadership and Policy Studies 2012

Esse estudo tem como objetivo compreender o desenvolvimento de Sistemas Agroflorestais a partir dos elementos teóricos do desenvolvimento rural, com foco no processo de produção de novidades. O resultado geral, obtido a partir da análise de experiências empíricas no Rio Grande do Sul, se resume em uma afirmação: as agroflorestas são expressões da emergência do paradigma de desenvolvimento rural. Esse paradigma é entendido como um padrão de desenvolvimento que surge a partir da busca dos atores sociais em responder aos limites do modelo de agricultura difundido com a modernização, sobretudo o crescente aperto na renda ocasionado pelo aumento dos custos de produção e estabilização dos preços pagos aos produtos. Os atores buscam promover novas formas de fazer agricultura e criar sinergias entre a produção agrícola e outras esferas (setor de serviços, conservação de paisagens, repertórios culturais, etc.) como estratégias de desenvolvimento das regiões rurais. As agroflorestas são justamente uma dessas estratégias. Compreender os Sistemas Agroflorestais como expressões do desenvolvimento rural, contudo, só foi possível a partir do estudo de um domínio em especifico: o processo de produção de novidades. A produção de novidades é uma alternativa teórica às abordagens ortodoxas de estudo das inovações que se fundamenta em elementos da Perspectiva Orientada aos Atores e da Perspectiva Multinível das transições sociotécnicas. A interface entre as duas perspectivas elucida um quadro analítico que sugere que as transformações sociais e tecnológicas (embora dificultadas pela resistência a mudanças por parte do regime dominante) ocorrem a partir da emergência de inovações radicais (novidades), que rompem com as rotinas pré-existentes, e se desenvolvem em um cenário favorável de mudanças estruturais mais amplas. Embora os elementos teóricos sugiram certa estruturação dos sistemas sociais e tecnológicos, confere-se importância à agência dos atores sociais, que buscam cotidianamente criar novas formas de produção, relação e organização e reestruturar as práticas sociais. Os Sistemas Agroflorestais são novidades que rompem com a trajetória de especialização das unidades de produção e se conectam a construção de novos mercados, novos produtos, formas de organização e expressam a emergência de um novo padrão de exploração da natureza e das regiões rurais. / This study aims to understand the development of Agroforestry Systems from the theoretical elements of rural development, focusing on the novelty production. The overall results obtained from the analysis of empirical experiences in Rio Grande do Sul, is summed up in a statement: the agroforestry systems are expressions of the rural development’s paradigm emergence. This paradigm is understood as a pattern of development that arises from the pursuit of social actors to respond to the limits of the agricultural model widespread with modernization, specially the growing squeeze on incomes caused by rising costs of production and stabilization of prices paid to products. The actors seek to promote new ways of doing agriculture and create synergies between agricultural production and other spheres (service sector, conservation of landscapes, cultural repertoires, etc.) as strategies for developing rural areas. The agroforestry systems are just one of these strategies. Understanding agroforestry systems as expressions of rural development, however, was only possible from the study of a specific domain: the novelty production process. The novelty production has been theoretical alternative to the orthodox approaches in the study of innovation that is built on elements of the Actors Oriented Perspective and Multilevel Perspective of socio-technical transitions. The interface between the two perspectives elucidates an analytical framework which suggests that social and technological changes (although hampered by the changing resistance by the ruling regime) occur from the emergence of radical innovations (novelties), that break the pre-existing routine, and develop in a favorable scenario of wider structural changes. Although the theoretical elements suggest certain structuring of social and technological systems, a significant degree of importance must be given to the agency of social actors who seek daily to create new forms of production, relationship and restructure the organization and social practices. The agroforestry systems are novelties that break the trajectory of specialization of production units and that connect themselves to building new markets, new products, forms of organization and that express the emergence of a new pattern of exploitation of nature and rural regions.

This article is a casuistry review of technical reports of several filesregarding applications of patent of invention, in the technological fields of biotechnology, pharmaceutics, chemistry and engineering, where in general and specific criteria are identified and extracted on the requirements of clearness and inventive step that are evaluated in the technical report for obtaining a patent of invention in Peru.It is important to note that prior to the review of the investigated technical reports, certain definitions are provided for understanding the requirements of the technical report, such as conciseness, clearness, sufficiency, novelty and inventive step. / El presente artículo es una revisión casuística de informes técnicos de diferentes expedientes de solicitudes de patentes de invención en los campos tecnológicos de la biotecnología, farmacia, química e ingeniería, donde se identifican y extraen los criterios generales y específicos sobre los requisitos de claridad y nivel inventivos que se evalúan en el examen técnico para la obtención de una patente de invención en el Perú.Es importante señalar que previo a la revisión de los informes técnicos investigados, se brindan algunas definiciones para la compresión de los requisitos del examen técnico, tales como concisión, claridad, suficiencia, novedad y nivel inventivo.

Esse estudo tem como objetivo compreender o desenvolvimento de Sistemas Agroflorestais a partir dos elementos teóricos do desenvolvimento rural, com foco no processo de produção de novidades. O resultado geral, obtido a partir da análise de experiências empíricas no Rio Grande do Sul, se resume em uma afirmação: as agroflorestas são expressões da emergência do paradigma de desenvolvimento rural. Esse paradigma é entendido como um padrão de desenvolvimento que surge a partir da busca dos atores sociais em responder aos limites do modelo de agricultura difundido com a modernização, sobretudo o crescente aperto na renda ocasionado pelo aumento dos custos de produção e estabilização dos preços pagos aos produtos. Os atores buscam promover novas formas de fazer agricultura e criar sinergias entre a produção agrícola e outras esferas (setor de serviços, conservação de paisagens, repertórios culturais, etc.) como estratégias de desenvolvimento das regiões rurais. As agroflorestas são justamente uma dessas estratégias. Compreender os Sistemas Agroflorestais como expressões do desenvolvimento rural, contudo, só foi possível a partir do estudo de um domínio em especifico: o processo de produção de novidades. A produção de novidades é uma alternativa teórica às abordagens ortodoxas de estudo das inovações que se fundamenta em elementos da Perspectiva Orientada aos Atores e da Perspectiva Multinível das transições sociotécnicas. A interface entre as duas perspectivas elucida um quadro analítico que sugere que as transformações sociais e tecnológicas (embora dificultadas pela resistência a mudanças por parte do regime dominante) ocorrem a partir da emergência de inovações radicais (novidades), que rompem com as rotinas pré-existentes, e se desenvolvem em um cenário favorável de mudanças estruturais mais amplas. Embora os elementos teóricos sugiram certa estruturação dos sistemas sociais e tecnológicos, confere-se importância à agência dos atores sociais, que buscam cotidianamente criar novas formas de produção, relação e organização e reestruturar as práticas sociais. Os Sistemas Agroflorestais são novidades que rompem com a trajetória de especialização das unidades de produção e se conectam a construção de novos mercados, novos produtos, formas de organização e expressam a emergência de um novo padrão de exploração da natureza e das regiões rurais. / This study aims to understand the development of Agroforestry Systems from the theoretical elements of rural development, focusing on the novelty production. The overall results obtained from the analysis of empirical experiences in Rio Grande do Sul, is summed up in a statement: the agroforestry systems are expressions of the rural development’s paradigm emergence. This paradigm is understood as a pattern of development that arises from the pursuit of social actors to respond to the limits of the agricultural model widespread with modernization, specially the growing squeeze on incomes caused by rising costs of production and stabilization of prices paid to products. The actors seek to promote new ways of doing agriculture and create synergies between agricultural production and other spheres (service sector, conservation of landscapes, cultural repertoires, etc.) as strategies for developing rural areas. The agroforestry systems are just one of these strategies. Understanding agroforestry systems as expressions of rural development, however, was only possible from the study of a specific domain: the novelty production process. The novelty production has been theoretical alternative to the orthodox approaches in the study of innovation that is built on elements of the Actors Oriented Perspective and Multilevel Perspective of socio-technical transitions. The interface between the two perspectives elucidates an analytical framework which suggests that social and technological changes (although hampered by the changing resistance by the ruling regime) occur from the emergence of radical innovations (novelties), that break the pre-existing routine, and develop in a favorable scenario of wider structural changes. Although the theoretical elements suggest certain structuring of social and technological systems, a significant degree of importance must be given to the agency of social actors who seek daily to create new forms of production, relationship and restructure the organization and social practices. The agroforestry systems are novelties that break the trajectory of specialization of production units and that connect themselves to building new markets, new products, forms of organization and that express the emergence of a new pattern of exploitation of nature and rural regions.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T22:00:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thiago Falcao.pdf: 1370921 bytes, checksum: ec7b9ab219f2028eded75407403140be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-01-13 / This work proposes the new classifier for face recognition, novelty classifier, which is based on novelty filter proposed by Kohonen. In order to evaluate the new classifier performance, it is performed a comparison with nearest neighboard classifier, which uses the Euclidian distance as distance metric. ORL face database was chosen to be used in this comparison. There was not any pre-processing (photometric or geometric) on face images. It was used the following feature extraction methods: PCA, 2DPCA and (2D)2PCA. Some results in identification mode are exposed through rank 1 recognition rate and CMC curves. In verification mode, the results were presented by Correct Acceptance Rate (CAR), Equivalent Error Rate (EER), ROC curves and Area under the ROC curve (AUC). Results shown that the proposed classifier performs better than others previously published, when the 10-fold Cross Validation method is employed as a test strategy. Recognition rate of 100% is achieved with this test methodology. / Este trabalho propõe a utilização do classificador de novidades para reconhecimento de faces, o qual é baseado no filtro de novidades, proposto por Kohonen. Para avaliar o desempenho do novo classificador é feita uma comparação com o classificador do vizinho mais próximo, usando a métrica da distância euclidiana. A base de dados utilizada para essa comparação foi a base ORL. A informação da face é extraída utilizando os métodos PCA, 2DPCA e (2D)2PCA, sem usar qualquer tipo de pré-processamento (fotométrico ou geométrico). Os seguintes resultados são apresentados no modo de identificação: taxa de reconhecimento rank 1 e as curvas CMC, no modo verificação: as taxas de correta aceitação (CAR), de erro equivalente (EER), as curvas ROC e área sob a curva ROC (AUC). Os resultados obtidos mostraram que o classificador proposto tem um desempenho melhor do que o desempenho do vizinho mais próximo e do que outros classificadores anteriormente publicados usando a mesma base, quando a estratégia de validação cruzada 10-fold é usada, com essa estratégia a taxa de reconhecimento obtida foi de 100%

A pesquisa busca investigar e refletir, na perspectiva teórica da Análise do Discurso (Pêcheux; Orlandi), em interface com pesquisadores das Ciências Sociais, sobre o sujeito e os efeitos de sentido produzidos pelo discurso midiático de dietas e suas novidades, que promete resultados rápidos e fáceis na busca de um corpo muitas vezes irreal. A preocupação em perder peso tem aumentado e, segundo alguns psiquiatras, tornou-se um problema de grandes proporções. Neste processo de construção do corpo, nos interessa o discurso produzido pela mídia atual e materializado em práticas sociais e condutas corporais. O corpus foi composto por revistas e sites que promovem as novas dietas, e que, além da publicação impressa, dispunham de versão digital com espaço para comentário dos leitores. A nossa hipótese é a de que o discurso midiático das novas modalidades de regime afeta a constituição da mulher e sua relação com o corpo na contemporaneidade. Esse discurso, com uma linguagem ancorada em simbolismos, promete que o novo (dieta, exercício) por si só, é e será sempre o melhor, mesmo com o surgimento de coisas novas em velocidade incompatível com a capacidade dos sujeitos de consumi-las e entendê-las em sua totalidade. As condições de produção do discurso das dietas são marcadas profundamente por alguns aspectos: o texto da mídia, a linguagem publicitária (imagens e textos atuando em conjunto), a velocidade, a repetição, o consumo e a tecnologia. A dieta não deve ser analisada apenas como um produto, mas como um fenômeno discursivo que faz circular sentidos em uma ambiência midiática que opera em um cenário sócio-histórico, cultural e econômico-capitalista. A ideologia das dietas está atrelada ao mercado, que por sua vez interpela os sujeitos através da mídia, convocando-os a alcançarem patamares de excelência cristalizados em formatos corporais. O sujeito é interpelado a re(fabricar)-se a todo momento. O imperativo sucesso perpassa as formações ideológicas e seus discursos. Enquanto o discurso da boa forma interpela o sujeito convocando-o a ser mais ágil e rápido na busca do corpo-perfeito, o corpo da realidade testa seus limites deparando-se com sua fragilidade. É nesse processo que sentidos como os de beleza se constituem, através de um jogo de filiações históricas que os determinam, mas que jamais se estabilizam completamente. Nesse jogo, percebemos o funcionamento da ideologia legitimando o que deve ser compreendido como formato (imagem) do corpo contemporâneo. Os sentidos do discurso midiático das dietas e boa forma, ao enaltecer o corpo-projeto, menospreza o corpo-abjeto. O corpo-abjeto simplesmente é, enquanto o corpo-projeto está calcado em um devir, em um deve ser. A ideologia do mercado das dietas faz circular sentidos de um corpo-projeto que contrastam com a obsolescência do corpo da realidade, tomando-o como um objeto frágil e obsoleto pela gordura que carrega, pelo processo de envelhecimento e pelas doenças que o castigam. O sujeito é convocado a viver na encruzilhada entre a excelência imposta pelas ferramentas midiáticas e a imperfeição da realidade. / The present research seeks to investigate and to reflect, at the interface of the theoretical perspective of Discourse Analysis (Pêcheux; Orlandi) and the Social Sciences researches, the subject and the effects of meaning produced by the media diets discourse and their novelties, which promises fast results and easy to find an often unreal body. Concern about weight loss has increased and, according to some psychiatrists, has become a major problem. In this process of \"body building\", we are interested in the discourse produced by the current media and materialized in social practices and corporal behaviors. The corpus was composed of magazines and sites that promote the new diets, and, had a digital version with space for readers´comments. Our hypothesis is that the mediatic discourse of the new diets modalities affects the constitution of the woman and her relation with the body in the contemporaneity. This discourse, with a language anchored in symbolism, promises that the new (diet, exercise) by itself, is and will always be the best, even if the emergence of new things occurs at a speed incompatible with the subjects\' ability to consume and understand them in their totality. The production conditions of the diets\' discourse are deeply marked by some aspects: the \"text of the media\", the advertising language (images and texts acting together), speed, repetition, consumption and technology. Diet should not be analyzed only as a product, but as a discursive phenomenon that circulates meanings in a mediatic environment that operates in a socio-historical, cultural and economic-capitalist scenario. The ideology of diets is linked to the market, which in turn challenges the subjects through the media, inviting them to reach levels of excellence crystallized in body shapes. The subject is called upon to re-fabricate himself at all times. The imperative \"success\" permeates ideological formations and their discourses. While the discourse of good shape challenges the subject by summoning him to be more agile and quick in the quest for the perfect body, the body of reality tests its limits by encountering its fragility. It is in this process that senses such as those of beauty are constituted through a set of historical affiliations that determine them, but never fully stabilize. In this game, we perceive the functioning of ideology legitimizing what must be understood as the shape (image) of the contemporary body. The senses of the diet mediatic discourse and good form, when uplifting the body-project, despise the body-abject. The body-abject simply is, while the body-design is set in a becoming, in a must be. The ideology of the diet market circulates the senses of a body-project that contrasts with the obsolescence of the real body, taking it as a fragile and obsolete object because of the fat it carries, the aging process and the diseases that punish it. The subject is convened to live at the crossroads between the excellence imposed by the media tools and the imperfection of reality.