The focus of this study was to investigate the experiences of novice teachers of induction in three selected schools in Oshana region, Namibia. The point of departure is that the experiences of novice teachers of induction and support are not known. The problem was investigated by means of a literature study and empirical investigation, using a qualitative, phenomenological approach. Findings revealed that novice teachers do not have the same needs and do not have similar experiences of support. Key findings reveal that novice teachers’ problems can be solved better if support is given timeously and over a longer period, with all the stakeholders’ equal involvement in the induction process. Novice teachers are capable of making meaningful contributions to schools, and schools can benefit from them. The study recommends that novice teachers’ voices be heard and their views be incorporated when planning future induction programmes, to suit their individual and contextual needs. / Educational Leadership and Management / M. Ed. (Education Management)

Diploma thesis Novice teacher deals with problems of beginning teacher which are coupled with the creation of class climate and pedagogic communication on the lower primary school. Theoretic part describes the job of a novice teacher, possible problems, which can affect creation of good class climate and related pedagogic communication. Thesis deals with issues of authority and discipline of pupils and communication with pupils and their parents. This document also shows different strategies, which leads to the good class climate. Research part analyzes real problematic situations of beginning teachers, which happened in practice. Analysis is done via method of interviews with 15 beginning teachers of the lower primary school. The aim of interviews is the beginning teacher's point of view on a class climate, authority and pupils discipline. Also to get problems which teachers feared, which fears came true and unexpected problems which happened. Research part shows several ways to solve and prevent problems of creating class climate and pedagogic communication. These ways are described in 8 pedagogic situations which are part of this work. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

Cette thèse vise à apporter des connaissances sur le développement professionnel des professeurs des écoles débutants dans le domaine de la lecture des textes littéraires.Le cadre théorique, construit au croisement de l’analyse de l’activité enseignante, de la didactique de la compréhension et de la lecture littéraire et de la sociologie de l’éducation permet de situer ce développement au sein d’un système complexe : celui de l’activité enseignante ; celui de la formation initiale ; celui de la lecture des textes littéraires.Le cadre méthodologique composite conduit à développer une enquête quantitative visant à saisir les corpus et les enjeux assignés à la lecture des textes littéraires à l’école par les enquêtés et une enquête qualitative reposant sur le suivi longitudinal de professeurs des écoles et l’observation d’actions de formation.Notre recherche aboutit à trois conclusions : l’interdépendance entre les dispositions à lire et à faire lire du maitre et les dispositions à lire des élèves ; l’enrichissement des situations didactiques par les lectures diverses du maitre et des élèves et leur rapport dans le développement professionnel du maitre ; les apports d’action de formation intégrative et projective dans l’élaboration de l’activité enseignante dans le domaine de la lecture des textes littéraires. / This dissertation aims to provide knowledge on the professional development of teachers of beginner schools in the reading literary texts.The theoretical framework, built at the crossroads of the analysis of teaching activity, the didactics of comprehension and literary reading and the sociology of education, makes it possible to situate this development within a complex system: teacher activity; that of initial training; that of reading literary texts.The composite methodological framework leads to the development of a quantitative survey aimed at capturing the corpora and stakes assigned to the reading of literary texts at school by the respondents and a qualitative survey based on the longitudinal follow-up of school teachers and the observation of training actions.Our research leads to three conclusions: the interdependence between the teacher's ways to read and ways to teach and the reading arrangements of pupils ; the enrichment of didactic situations through the various readings of the teacher and pupils and their relationship in the professional development of the teacher; the contributions of integrative and projective training action in the development of teaching activity in the field of reading literary texts.

La pandémie de COVID-19 apporte son lot de défis à relever pour les nouvelles infirmières du Québec, dans un contexte déjà difficile pour elles. Le début de carrière étant particulièrement éprouvant, le préceptorat, qui facilite l’intégration des infirmières débutantes en les jumelant avec une collègue expérimentée en début d’emploi, a largement démontré son efficacité pour pallier le problème de rétention qui touche la relève infirmière. La pandémie de COVID-19 mérite cependant qu’on s’attarde au vécu de ces nouvelles infirmières, dans ce contexte particulier, étant donné les difficultés supplémentaires auxquelles elles doivent faire face, perturbant possiblement leur entrée dans la profession. Le but de cette étude est donc d’explorer les perceptions de nouvelles infirmières et candidates à l’exercice de la profession infirmière en médecine et en chirurgie au regard du préceptorat vécu durant la pandémie de COVID-19 dans un centre hospitalier universitaire du Québec. Pour cette étude qualitative, des entrevues semi-dirigées ont été menées auprès de sept nouvelles infirmières. Une analyse thématique a permis de mettre en lumière trois éléments qui seraient décisifs durant le préceptorat selon les nouvelles infirmières, soit la préceptrice, la structure du préceptorat et l’équipe de travail. Ces trois éléments peuvent faire une immense différence durant cette période cruciale, allant jusqu’à influencer la décision des nouvelles infirmières de poursuivre dans leur emploi ou non. Cette étude suggère la nécessité de considérer ces trois éléments au moment de planifier un programme de préceptorat, dont les modalités doivent être bien établies, claires et connues par les personnes concernées. Certaines caractéristiques sont à rechercher lors de la sélection des préceptrices, qui doit être faite de manière réfléchie, et l’impact d’une équipe accueillante et aidante ne devrait pas être négligé. / The COVID-19 pandemic brings an additional set of challenges facing new nurses in Quebec, in an already difficult context for them. Since the start of the career is particularly trying, the preceptorship, which facilitates the integration of novice nurses by pairing them with an experienced colleague at the start of their employment, has amply demonstrated its effectiveness in overcoming the retention problem among new nurses. However, more attention should be focused on the experience of these new nurses in this context of pandemic given the new difficulties that they have to face, possibly disrupting their entry into the profession. The aim of this study is therefore to explore the perceptions of new nurses and candidates to the profession of nursing in medicine and surgery units about the preceptorship experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic in a university hospital in Quebec. For this qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven new nurses. A thematic analysis brought out three decisive elements during preceptorship, for new nurses: the preceptor, the structure of the preceptorship and the work team. Those three elements can make a huge difference for nurses during this period, going as far as influencing their decision to continue in their job, or not. This study suggests the necessity to keep these concepts in mind when preparing a preceptorship program, its terms needing to be well established, clear, and made known to both the preceptor and the novice nurse. There are certain characteristics to look for when selecting preceptors, and this selection should be made with careful thought. Moreover, the importance of a welcoming and supportive team should not be overlooked.

Specialized teacher preparation programs are graduating teachers with commitments to advocacy. This expanded definition of teaching stands in opposition to traditional expectations for the role of teachers that have developed during the history of U.S. education into organizational and social frames that reinforce tradition and work against reform. These influences constitute forces of professional weathering that may wear down teachers’ visions and actions for their work. This multicase study focused on four graduates from an intensive two-year teacher preparation program that included initial certification along with induction support in the second year of the program as they completed master’s degree requirements. The inquiry sought to understand how they envisioned their roles as teacher advocates and how they enacted and sustained their visions, resisting traditional teacher roles. Participants were graduates of the same cohort of the preparation program who were completing their second year of teaching in urban high-need schools and who had been nominated and confirmed as effective teachers of diverse students by faculty members of the university program and of local schools. Program materials were analyzed as background material to establish context. Primary data that were inductively and iteratively analyzed included extant course assignments, three individual interviews with each participant, three school-related observations, and three focus group interviews. Findings provide insight into the ways in which the teachers enacted a vision of anticipatory advocacy. Anticpatory advocacy includes intervening actions that are the result of a dual awareness of students’ immediate and future needs and have implications beyond boundaries of time and space in an effort to positively influence students’ lives in the immediate as well as distant future. The teachers, each of whom held beliefs that aligned with the culturally relevant foundations of the program prior to their selection, employed tools related to responsive classroom management, ambitious teaching strategies, and professional collaboration that they acquired and honed during their program. By working backward from the classrooms of effective teachers, the study links classroom practices with teacher preparation, providing direction for stakeholders concerned with the development and retention of high quality teachers for all children, especially in challenging school contexts.

Notre recherche doctorale s’intéresse aux enseignantes et enseignants novices à l’ordre d’études collégiales qui oeuvrent au secteur technique. Selon de nombreux auteurs, leur entrée en fonction est marquée par l’isolement, par la précarité d’emploi et par une carence en formation pédagogique (Galaise, 2009; Lauzon, 2002). Ces conditions ne favorisent pas leur insertion professionnelle et se soldent trop souvent par des pratiques par tâtonnement qui ne leur permettent pas de s’adapter adéquatement à leur nouvelle profession (Lauzon, 2002). Ce manque de contrôle relatif en début de carrière engendre chez plusieurs enseignantes et enseignants novices un niveau de stress élevé et un délai important avant d’avoir l’impression de tirer des apprentissages de la pratique (Ibid). À cet égard, la pratique réflexive a été identifiée comme pouvant contribuer à l’amélioration de l’enseignement (Bessette et Duquette, 2003; De Cock, Wibault et Paquay, 2006; Holborn, 1992; Lacroix, 2008; Schön, 1983). Toutefois, il appert que les enseignantes et les enseignants ne savent pas toujours comment en tirer parti. L’utilisation d’outils réflexifs simples, accessibles et minimalement connus par les enseignantes et les enseignants novices permettrait de stimuler leur réflexion sur l’action et les rendrait plus autonomes en début de carrière. Le cadre conceptuel auquel nous nous sommes référé dans cette recherche fait appel à trois concepts-clés soit la pratique réflexive, la pensée réflexive et la réflexion. Le modèle de la démarche réflexive d’Holborn (1992) a permis de dynamiser le processus réflexif tandis que les catégories de réflexion proposées par Mezirow (1981) favorisent une analyse de la démarche réflexive entamée par les enseignantes et les enseignants novices. À ce propos, bon nombre d’auteurs ont utilisé le terme de « niveau » pour indiquer une hiérarchie dans les contenus de réflexion. Comme nous 3 le verrons plus loin, nous lui avons préféré le terme de « catégorie » pour écarter cette idée de gradation en privilégiant une approche qui tient compte des dimensions individuelles et met l’accent sur la diversité de l’expérience humaine. Des objectifs spécifiques ont été dégagés des modèles convoqués, mentionnons entre autres, notre intérêt à : 1) décrire les catégories de réflexion exprimées par des enseignants et des enseignantes novices au cours de leur réflexion sur l’action; 2) préciser les catégories de réflexion exprimées lors de l’utilisation des différents outils proposés; 3) mettre en évidence l’apport des différents outils servant à soutenir le développement de la pratique réflexive selon la perception des enseignantes et des enseignants novices. Cette recherche exploratoire de type qualitatif a été réalisée auprès d’enseignantes et d’enseignants novices provenant des départements des techniques de Prothèses dentaires et des techniques de Denturologie qui ont expérimenté les différents outils sélectionnés (journal de bord, autoévaluation, rétroaction vidéo, autoconfrontation simple) pour soutenir leur réflexion. Un accompagnement leur a été proposé par des collègues expérimentés afin qu’ils se familiarisent avec les outils. Enfin, l’appréciation des outils par les participantes et les participants a été recueillie grâce à des entrevues semi-dirigées. À la suite de cette expérimentation qui s’est déroulée sur une année scolaire au collégial, les résultats nous permettent de conclure que les novices développent une meilleure compréhension du processus de réflexion sur l’action et ils utilisent mieux les outils mis à leur disposition au fur et à mesure qu’ils y sont exposés. Les novices sont davantage en mesure de fournir des interprétations logiques et explicites de leurs actions. Nos résultats montrent que les participantes et les participants sollicitent des catégories de réflexion variées lorsqu’ils réfléchissent sur leur pratique. Enfin, les outils semblent contribuer de manière positive à la découverte de significations émergeant de la pratique et ils permettent de bonifier leurs actions pédagogiques. 4 Des retombées sur la pratique enseignante au collégial auront un effet favorable grâce à une utilisation plus éclairée des outils soutenant le développement de la pratique réflexive. D’ailleurs, ces derniers pourront être considérés dans le cadre de l’élaboration et de la mise en place de programmes favorisant la formation continue sur le plan pédagogique, sur le plan de l’insertion et du développement professionnel lors de l’entrée en fonction des novices puisque les outils leur permettront d’avoir une meilleure compréhension de leur pratique enseignante.

This study investigated the effects of score study on novice conductors’ nonverbal and verbal conducting behaviors. Presented with a brief musical excerpt of which they had no prior knowledge, undergraduate conducting students (N = 11) conducted and rehearsed a live brass quartet. After an initial conducting session, participants in the experimental group (n = 6) received two individual 30-minute score study tutorials, while the control group (n = 5) received no assistance. All participants returned one week after the first conducting session to conduct and rehearse the ensemble for a second time. Brass quartet members and three experienced conductors, all whom were blind to the experimental condition, evaluated participants’ conducting in terms of eye contact, facial expression, effective gesture, ability to lead toward a musically accurate performance, knowledge of the score, and pacing. Significant differences were found between the score study and control conditions. The brass quartet members’ ratings for eye contact and knowledge of the score were higher for the participants who studied the score. I found no significant differences between conditions in the ratings given by experienced conductors. At the conclusion of the second rehearsal, brass quartet members accurately identified five of the six conductors who had received score study assistance and four of the five conductors who had not. Experienced conductors were asked to identify the order of the two videos of each conductor. They accurately identified the order of five of the six score study conductors’ videos. Identifications of participants’ videos in the control group were mostly inaccurate and reflected much disagreement among the experienced conductors. In reviews of the participants’ written and verbal responses about their experience and the comments provided by brass quartet members and experienced conductors, I noted three characteristics that distinguished those who engaged in score study from those who had not: (1) more meaningful, instrument-specific eye contact; (2) greater confidence and comfort; and (3) more effective gestures and other nonverbal behaviors in rehearsal, all of which seemed to result from a more clearly defined interpretation of the music. / text

Each year, as more school principals retire, other leaders take their place--many of them becoming principals for the first time. While this change in leadership can be disconcerting to the students, parents, teachers, and other staff members, it is most taxing for the new principal, who is immediately inundated with the various demands on his or her time. In order for the new principal to navigate these challenges effectively, it is important that he or she is ready and equipped for this transition and prepared to participate successfully in the day-to-day interactions with others. Using ethnographic qualitative methodology, this study sought to examine the first-year principal's interactions with parents and staff members. Telling the stories of two first-year principals, the study explored the issues and challenges faced by these principals as they interacted with the various institutional stakeholders. In its treatment of interpersonal interactions, the study assembled a broad archive, including oral accounts, interviews, personal journals, calendars, and emails. The data were then examined through Bolman and Deal's (2008) "frame" theory, which was offered as a comprehensive approach for looking at organizations from more than one theoretical perspective. Viewing the data through the structural, human, political, and symbolic frames provides a more in-depth examination of the principals' various interactions with parents and staff members during their first year as principal. Dissecting a first-year principal's interactions in the setting of a school, this research extends Bolman and Deal's four-frame theory (2008) by analyzing three types of principal/stakeholder interactions through each of the four frames. A problem-solving interactions protocol and a set of guiding questions are offered to assist new leaders as they prepare for various interactions of each type. / text

This thesis reports a research project that aims to improve the teaching and learning of introductory programming from a pedagogical and psychological viewpoint. Towards this aim, seven principles for designing educational programming tools for novices were identified by reviewing literature regarding novices’ difficulties and using a theoretical framework defined by the psychological theories of Constructivism and Cognitive Load Theory. This set of design principles was not only theoretically identified, but its pedagogical impact was also empirically tested. For this reason, Koios, a new programming tool, was designed and developed as a manifestation of the combined set of principles. Empirical studies were conducted by a way of a quasi-experimental design in two different Greek secondary-education institutions. The independent variable was compliance with the set of the seven principles. Students’ level of programming skills (procedural knowledge) was the dependent variable, while the quality of their mental models in the domain of introductory programming (declarative knowledge) was the potential mediator. The effect of compliance with the set of principles on students’ programming skills and mental-model quality was explored via Koios’ evaluation. Declarative- and procedural-knowledge measurements, as well as a practical test, were used to collect data, which were analysed using ANOVA and hierarchical multiple regression. The major conclusions drawn from this study are:(a) compliance with the set of design principles does not affect the development of novices’ procedural and declarative programming knowledge, (b) a programming tool that highly complies with this set facilitates novices in the application of their procedural programming knowledge during program creation and (c) programming tools, declarative and procedural knowledge are independent components in learning to program. However, it was also concluded that the two knowledge types and a programming tool that highly complies with the set contribute significantly to novices’ programming performance. This study contributes to knowledge by theoretically identifying and empirically testing a set of design principles for educational programming software, and by producing and scientifically evaluating a programming tool as an embodiment of this set. Through this evaluation, the suggestion of Koios as a practically useful programming tool for novices seems to be well supported.

This diploma thesis deals with novice primary teachers' interaction with pupils. The aim of the thesis is to find out which strategies prevent lack of discipline and to compare methods of novice teachers with experienced teachers. It also deals with classroom management and teachers' ethics.