No description available.

This dissertation seeks to explore the nature of the occupation of Lower Nubia between the third and sixth centuries A.D. through a study of the material culture of the 'X-group', and the cultural influences exerted thereupon. It draws upon a detailed examination of artefactual evidence and particularly ceramics from published and unpublished sites throughout the study area, with especial reference to unpublished data from the citadel of Qasr Ibrim which both the archaeological and historical records indicate to have been of key importance at this time. The study concludes that the previously assumed homogeneity of 'X-group' material culture cannot be accepted for much of the period under consideration, and that separate cultural traditions can be identified which indicate the settlement of new groups within the area alongside the small pre-existing population. These can now be more successfully linked with historical sources than has previously proved possible, and also provide clear evidence of the mechanisms by which the late Roman administration in Egypt sought to maintain stability in the territory immediately beyond its southern frontier. Ceramics are used extensively in the study in the assessment of the cultural influences present in Lower Nubia, their effect on local production, and their significance. Particularly important is the definition of a previously unrecognised 'post-Meroitic' ceramic assemblage of limited distribution, which is clearly antecedent to the well-known 'X-group' ceramic tradition. Ceramics also provide evidence of dating, and were used in seriation analysis in order to investigate more closely the chronology and sequence of occupation of Lower Nubia.

No description available.

During the Early Cretaceous a regionally extensive cover of dominantly siliciclastic sediments was deposited across the North African continental margin. Historically, these siliciclastic sediments have been considered to be a relatively homogeneous lithofacies known as the ‘Nubian sandstone’. This lithofacies is generally described as coarse grained, cross-bedded sandstone and is ascribed to a braided fluvial depositional environment. However, there have been few detailed sedimentological studies carried out on these sediments. Furthermore, the stratigraphic relationships between regional Early Cretaceous continental strata in different North African countries has only briefly been described and has only locally been related to equivalent marine deposits. In order to address these problems, this study focuses upon two main approaches. Firstly, outcrop analysis of the Messak Fm (SW Libya) and the Sidi Aïch Fm (C Tunisia) details and contrasts the lithofacies variability of Early Cretaceous siliciclastic sediments in North Africa. Secondly, a unified stratigraphic framework is erected for the Early Cretaceous of Algeria, Tunisia, Libya and Egypt and the palaeogeographic evolution is reconstructed. Detailed sedimentological investigation of the Messak Fm has identified greater variation in lithofacies and depositional processes than was previously recognised. By lithostratigraphic correlation with outcrops in northwest Libya, we show a fluvial system transported sediment northward into a wide fluvio-paralic basin covering western Libya. Several episodes of marine influence culminating in a distinct and regionally correlatable transgressive episode are identified. This is the first time that marine influence has been identified in the Murzuq Basin and increases the maximum known extent of marine transgression in the Early Cretaceous of Libya by 600km. The sedimentology of the Messak Fm is contrasted with the sandstone dominated Sidi Aïch Fm which, although showing similar lithofacies, was deposited in a marginal-shallow marine environment.Building upon previous reviews and new insights from the Messak Fm and Sidi Aïch Fm, a synthesis and reinterpretation of the spatial and temporal heterogeneity of sediments and depositional environments in this region throughout the Early Cretaceous is presented. During the Berriasian-Barremian, the North African platform coastline was dominated by a dry subtropical climate with moderate vegetation. The interior of the platform experienced a Savannah-like semi-arid climate with limited vegetation and palaeosol development but was crossed by extensive fluvial networks draining the equatorial tropics. During the Late Barremian-Early Aptian, simultaneous aridification and marine transgression led to a decreased detrital flux to the marginal basins and widespread deposition of marine carbonates and mudstones. During the Late Aptian-Albian the platform returned to a humid tropical climate. Widespread coarse grained fluvial sediments mark the base of this sequence and palaeosols occur locally. The results of this work have implications for the development and controls of large-scale fluvio-paralic systems and illustrate the fact that, in a limited accommodation epicontinental setting, relative sea-level may be the key control on sedimentation and depositional processes for many hundreds of kilometres inland of the lowstand coastline.

Les Nubi, une communauté musulmane répartie principalement entre l'Ouganda, le Kenya et la Tanzanie, sont originaires du Sud du Soudan. Ils sont arrivés à la fin du 19ème siècle en Afrique de l'Est, mais ils sont conservé leurs traditions et surtout leur langue :le kinubi. Il s'agit d'un créole arabe, proche du parler de Juba (Soudan), fortement influencé par le kiswahili (et l'anglais). Le but de cette recherche est de comparer le parler de Mombasa à ceux de Kibera (Kenya) et de Bombo (Ouganda), et d'analyser l'importance et les causes de l'influence du kiswahili sur cette langue, sur le plan du vocabulaire et de la grammaire. <p><p>The Nubi, a Muslim community living mainly in Uganda, Kenya and Tanzania, originate from Southern Sudan, which they left at the end of the 19th century. They kept their traditions alive, as well as their language :the Kinubi. This language is an Arabic based Creole, related to Juba Arabic (Sudan) but strongly influenced by Swahili (and English). Our aim is to compare the Kinubi spoken in Mombasa with the one of Kibera (Kenya) and Bombo (Uganda), and to analyze the way Swahili influences this language, in both vocabulary and grammar, as well as the reasons of this phenomenon. / Doctorat en philosophie et lettres, Orientation langue et littérature / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

No description available.

The objective of this diploma thesis is to compare the level of goat breeding production indicators, recorded in the South Bohemian Region in years 2008 - 2010. The analysis includes comparison between the individual breeders, yearly comparison and comparisons between different breeds and herd sizes. The analyzed production indicators include the amount of produced milk, percentage of fat and percentage of protein. For 2008, 12 breeders with herds ranging from 1 to 34 goats have been analyzed. In 2008, 13 Anglo Nubian goats, 57 White Shorthaired goats and 26 Brown Short Hair goats have been registered in the South Bohemian Region's stock book. For 2009, 12 breeders with herds ranging from 1 to 37 goats have been analyzed. In 2009, 14 Anglo Nubian goats, 64 White Shorthaired goats and 29 Brown Short Hair goats have been registered in the South Bohemian Region's stock book. For 2010, 15 breeders with herds ranging from 1 to 46 goats have been analyzed. In 2009, 10 Anglo Nubian goats, 73 White Shorthaired goats and 42 Brown Short Hair goats have been registered in the South Bohemian Region's stock book. According to the statistical data, the highest average volume of milk (833 litres) has been produced in 2010. The highest average volume of milk has been produced by middle-sized herds (1021 litres) and by the Brown Short Hair breed (960 litres). The highest content of fat in milk has been recorded in 2009 (4.07 %). The highest average content of fat in milk has been recorded within the Anglo Nubian breed (4.32 %). The comparison of the content of fat in milk between various herd sizes is not statistically conclusive (p > 0.05). The average highest content of protein in milk has been recorded within the Anglo Nubian breed (3.74 %). The comparison of the content of protein in milk between various years and herd sizes is not statistically conclusive (p > 0.05).

The Arabian–Nubian Shield (ANS) represents a major site of juvenile Neoproterozoic crustal addition on Earth and documents Neoproterozoic tectonics bracketed by two supercontinent cycles, namely the fragmentation of Rodinia and the amalgamation of Gondwana. There is general consensus that the ANS formed by juvenile magmatic arc accretion and subsequent shield–wide post–tectonic magmatism. However, detailed understanding about the timing of events and the nature of magma sources in parts of the shield are lacking. To date, there are no isotopic data from the Paleozoic sedimentary sequences of the ANS, except those from the northern part. New zircon U–Pb, δ18O and whole–rock Nd isotopes are presented for plutonic rocks from the eastern Ethiopia, Yemen and southernmost Arabian Shield in Saudi Arabia. This thesis also presents the first combined in situ zircon U–Pb–O–Hf isotope data on the Cambrian–Ordovician sandstones of the Arabian Shield. The results are used to elucidate the crustal evolution of these parts of the ANS and to evaluate terrane correlations. Specifically, the nature of crustal growth, i.e., relative proportions of juvenile magmatic additions vs. crustal reworking, nature of the magma source and mechanism of crust formation (plume material vs. subduction zone enrichment) and understanding the provenance of the Cambrian–Ordovician sandstone sequences were important research questions addressed. The results from Paper I suggest that the eastern Ethiopian Precambrian basement is dominated by reworking of pre-Neoproterozoic supracrustal material unlike contemporaneous rocks in the remaining parts of Ethiopia— indicating the presence of two distinct lithospheric blocks of contrasting isotopic compositions in Ethiopia. Metamorphic age distributions suggest that the eastern Ethiopian block was amalgamated with the juvenile Western Ethiopian Shield during ca. 580–550 Ma. Importantly, the suture between them may represent the northern continuation of a major suture identified further south in Africa along which Gondwana amalgamated. Similarly, the Abas terrane in Yemen (Paper II) is dominated by reworking of pre–Neoproterozoic crust and shows age and isotopic compositions that are inconsistent with the Afif terrane of Saudi Arabia, precluding correlation between the two regions. The trace element systematics of plutonic rocks from the southernmost Arabian Shield (paper III) point to enrichment due to subduction component, bear no evidence of a plume component, and are consistent with the adakite-like chemistry of some of the subduction–related plutonic samples. This reinforces the notion that the shield grew through juvenile magmatic arc additions. The combined zircon U–Pb–O–Hf data of the Cambrian–Ordovician sandstones (Paper IV) indicate their derivation from both the adjacent juvenile ANS and the more southerly crustal blocks that are dominated by reworking of pre–Neoproterozoic crust. The remarkable similarity in age spectra and homogeneity of Cambrian sandstones deposited across the northern margin of Gondwana point to continental–scale sediment mixing and dispersal regulated by the supercontinent cycle. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.</p>

No description available.

Ce travail porte sur la question de la verbalisation du récit dans sa structure formelle, par une approche philologique et narratologique, dans les textes royaux de la XXVe dynastie (dynastie couchite – 8e/7e s. avant notre ère), rédigés en égyptien de tradition. L’étude se fonde sur un corpus composé de 11 textes ayant comme caractéristiques d’être couchites, royaux, en égyptien de tradition, comportant des parties narratives, et suffisamment conservés. Parmi ceux-ci, l’on trouve la Stèle de la Victoire de Piânkhy (Caire JE 48862 ;JE 47086-47089) et la Stèle du Songe de Tanoutamon (Caire JE 48863). En outre, un corpus secondaire de 9 textes a été constitué dans une perspective synchronique et diachronique, avec par exemple les Annales d’Osorkon, ou encore les Annales de l’an 1-2 d’Irike-Amannote (Kawa IX), souverain de Couch postérieur à la XXVe dynastie. Pour répondre à la question de la structure formelle du récit, nous procédons en deux temps :d’abord par une étude des marqueurs narratifs (comme les auxiliaires séquentiels) ;puis par celle des structures et macrostructures du texte, en lien avec les séquences narratives ;enfin, par l’examen de facteurs influençant la verbalisation du récit. Dans la première partie, nous précisons dans une série de chapitres les formes et emplois des marqueurs narratifs (auxiliaires séquentiels, śpr pw ỉr.n⸗f, infinitifs narratifs, śḏm.ỉn⸗f, particules, dates, etc.). Pour chacun de ces marqueurs, nous faisons d’abord le point sur leurs formes et emplois en égyptien classique, néo-égyptien et égyptien de tradition, d’après les grandes synthèses grammaticales, avant de procéder à un examen systématique de leurs occurrences dans notre double corpus. En outre, précédant cette analyse, nous traitons de la situation linguistique à la XXVe dynastie (notamment la diglossie), et des caractéristiques de l’égyptien de tradition. Nous examinons également pour notre corpus principal la question de l’opposition des formes śḏm⸗f et śḏm.n⸗f. La seconde partie, qui s’appuie sur les marqueurs étudiés dans la première, traite des différents niveaux dans la structure générale du texte et du récit. Nous envisageons donc là les niveaux supérieurs à la proposition. Après des éléments théoriques sur la narration et sur la mise en récit de l’histoire, nous étudions le niveau séquentiel dans les récits du corpus, et mettons en évidence les structures épisodiques que l’on peut y trouver. Ensuite, nous examinons les éléments non-narratifs, descriptifs et dialogaux, et la façon dont ils intègrent ou sont intégrés dans les parties narratives. En nous appuyant sur les données de ces deux chapitres, nous envisageons alors les structures d’ordre supérieur à la séquence, pour remonter jusqu’au texte dans son ensemble. Enfin, pour montrer le lien entre la première et la deuxième partie, nous présentons la façon dont les marqueurs narratifs se spécialisent dans certains rôles dans la narration et la structuration du récit, et comment ils se hiérarchisent. Ce travail apporte donc une série de données sur la langue littéraire de la XXVe dynastie et ses caractéristiques, ainsi que sur la façon dont les rédacteurs recourent aux moyens linguistiques de l’égyptien de tradition pour organiser formellement leurs textes et transmettre, via le récit, l’histoire qu’ils voulaient communiquer. / Doctorat en Langues, lettres et traductologie / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished