Thesis (MA (Ancient Studies)--University of Stellenbosch, 1992. / In the course of this M.A. thesis, 65 stamp seals (conoids, scaraboids, signet rings and scarabs) have been collected, described, and analyzed. They stem from legal archaeological excavations in Syro-Palestine, and have been found in strata and contexts which can clearly be ascribed to the Persian period. Methodological questions were addressed, including the following: historical outline of the Persian period, geographical limitations of the study, archaeological considerations, and the iconographic and epigraphic aspects of the study. For the description process, a computerized system was developed, by means of which the seals could be described on three levels: general description, element description, modification description. In this way, a uniform way of handling the data was achieved. The description procedure is reflected in the fonn of a catalogue. In order to facilitate the analysis, the seal corpus was organized in three, at times overlapping, classes: iconographic seals, epigraphic seals, and hieroglyphic seals. The different classes were then analyzed according to their peculiarities, e.g. geographical distribution, iconographic motif groups, palaeography, onomastica, etc. It was shown that the corpus of stamp seals from the Persian period consists of a wide variety of objects in tenns of form and content, and could by no means be characterized as being homogenous. A certain relationship between geographical origin, fonn, and content of the seal could be established.

This thesis seeks to investigate the short- and long-term socio-economic impact of the First Punic War on Carthage and its people. It will do so by exploring three parts of the Carthaginian political and socio-economic system during the fourth through the second centuries BCE. The first is its navy, and specifically the costs – in both material and man – of its use. This will be the subject of the first chapter. The second analyses the additional expenditures which the war extracted from Carthage, such as the outlays to recruit, maintain, and provide for the land army. The final chapter focuses on the long-term ramifications of the war, which will be explored by means of an in-depth analysis of the last few battles of the First Punic War from an economic angle.

The purpose of this thesis is to provide a thematic analysis of the historical, political, and economic context of Seleucid portraiture, namely that on coins, but with reference to gemstones, seals, and sculpture where evidence exists. No attention has been given to the aesthetic value of such items, as has been the habit of art historians, as a great deal of the evidence analysed here consists of bronze coins. Nor is this work intended to be a catalogue, as technical information on coins has been well documented in the many catalogues in this field. The first chapter provides a general survey of the issue of autonomy and its relationship to the Seleucids, whether among the Greek poleis of Asia Minor or other autonomous areas of the Seleucid empire. This is followed by an obligatory discussion of the influence of Alexander on the Seleucids, which has been kept deliberately short due to the amount of scholarship already completed in this field. The issue of warfare and its effect on Seleucid iconography follows this. The first three chapters cover issues affecting Seleucid iconography, whether for legitimate kings or otherwise, which leads on to a chapter covering the Seleucid usurpers. The function of this chapter within the thesis is twofold; firstly, it introduces the concept of usurpation and its effect on the iconography of legitimate kings; secondly, it contains extensive discussion of the coinages of the individual usurpers. The next four chapters serve to analyse the variation of the royal image for legitimate kings, assessing the effect of autonomy, warfare, Alexander, and usurpation on the changing royal image. The kings discussed in the respective chapters were chosen on similarities of iconography and factors affecting this. The final chapter is a discussion on Seleucid female iconography, affected by many of the same factors as male portraiture.

馮嘉儀. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 43-49). / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Feng Jiayi. / Chapter 第一章 --- 引言 / Chapter 第一節 --- 導論 / Chapter 第二節 --- 硏究範圍、目的和方法 / Chapter 第二章 --- 中國當代篆刻發展槪略 / Chapter 第一節 --- 從附庸到獨立 / Chapter 第二節 --- 當代面貌的形成和蛻變 / Chapter 第三節 --- 寫意印風的角色與問題 / Chapter 第三章 --- 美學與功能的引申 / Chapter 第一節 --- 視覺識別 / Chapter 第二節 --- 文化創意產業 / Chapter 第三節 --- 突顯圖像美 / Chapter 第四章 --- 篆刻作爲藝術形式的思考 / Chapter 第一節 --- 製作物料和工具 / Chapter 第二節 --- 印面處理 / Chapter 第三節 --- 展示手法 / Chapter 第四節 --- 創作態度 / Chapter 第五章 --- 結語 / 參考資料 / 圖錄

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Michigan, 1933. / Includes bibliographical references (p. xv-xvii) and index.

Habilitationsschrift--Munich. / At head of title: Römisch-Germanisches Zentralmuseum zu Mainz. Includes bibliographical references (p. ix-xi) and index.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Michigan, 1933. / Includes bibliographical references (p. xv-xvii) and index.

Revision of Thesis (Ph. D.)--Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universitat, Frankfurt/Main, 1976. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-110).

Cette thèse porte sur les influences massaliètes et italiques sur la monnaie en Languedoc, depuis son apparition en Gaule méditerranéenne (fin du VIe s. av. n. è.) jusqu'au règne d'Auguste (27 av. n. è.-14 de n. è.). Le Languedoc est situé entre Narbonne et le delta du Rhône. Cette région interagit avec plusieurs puissances méditerranéennes qui changent son rapport à l'économie. Dans un premier temps, des colonies phocéennes puis massaliètes jalonnent le littoral. Des contacts fréquents existent avec le monde carthaginois jusqu'aux guerres puniques. Puis, à l'issue de ces dernières, Rome devient la puissance économique en Méditerranée occidentale. Des relations commerciales sont aussi attestées avec la Gaule interne. Ces connexions ont des conséquences sur le développement du négoce languedocien. Quelles ont été les conséquences de l'installation romaine dans le sud de la Gaule, par la création de la province de Transalpine ? Quels étaient les rapports entre la cité phocéenne, implantée depuis le VIe s. av. n. è., et les Romains présents à partir du du IIe s. av. n. è. ? Comment se traduisent-ils sur la monnaie locale ? Les puissances méditerranéennes sont-elles responsables de la monétarisation du Languedoc ou s'agit-il au contraire d'un développement local s'inscrivant dans un contexte de croissance des transactions régionales ? Autrement dit, la monnaie était-elle utilisée dans les relations avec Marseille et Rome ou bien avait-elle intégré la vie des populations locales ? Dans quelles mesures Marseille et Rome se sont-elles impliquées dans la gestion de la monnaie en Languedoc ? Les réformes augustéennes des années 20 av. n. è. unifient-elles le système monétaire dans les provinces romaines ? Pour répondre à ces questions, une étude des monnaies dans leur contexte archéologique a été réalisée. Celle-ci, associée à une analyse de la place du Languedoc au sein de la Méditerranée, permettent de saisir les évolutions de l'adoption de la monnaie mais aussi les volontés et les enjeux des différents acteurs. / This PhD concerns the massaliètes and italiques influences on the coin in Languedoc, from its first appearance (end of the VIth century BC) to August's reign (27 BC- AD 14). The Languedoc is located between Narbonne and the Rhone delta. This region interacts and is influenced by several mediterranean powers upon its economy. First, Phocaean and massaliètes colonies are settled on the coastline. Frequent contacts exist with the Carthaginian world until the Punic Wars. After them, Rome becomes the first economic power of the western Mediterranean. Economics relations are also attested with the inside of Gaul. Those connections impact the development of the trade in the Languedoc. What are the consequences of the roman installation in the South of Gaul, when the province of Transalpine is created ? Which rapports did Marseille, established during the VIth century, and the Romans, present since the IInd century ? How do they impact the local coinage ? Are the mediterranean powers responsible of the monetisation of the Languedoc or quite the opposite, is it a local development in line with a context of regional transactions growth ? In other words, was coinage used for the relations with Marseille and Rome or, was it integrated in the daylife of local populations ? How did Marseille and Rome take part to the management of the coinage in the Languedoc ? Do the 20 BC augustan reforms unify the monetarian system in the roman provinces ? To answer, a study of the coinage in their archeological context has been made. Associated with an analysis of the position of the Languedoc in the Mediterranean world, it helps to understand the phases of monetisation but also, the goals and the challenges of the differents actors.

The thesis seeks to more accurately understand Judaean political organisation during the reign of King Alexander Jannaeus (104-76 BCE). I suggest that the balance of evidence does not support an understanding of Hasmonaean Judaea as a militaristic patrimony. That is, I dispute a view of Judaean social order as dominated by the centralised leadership of the Hasmonaean king and of Judaean political structures as overwhelmingly militaristic. To be sure, militarism and kingship are important to understanding the social arrangement of Judaea at the turn of the first century BCE. However, political research based on a literal reading of textual sources tends to overemphasise these factors. Instead, I here advocate using economic activity, of which bronze monetary exchange is reasonably well attested for Hasmonaean Judaea, to infer probable features of Judaean socio-political organisation. I note that the system of monetary exchange in Judaea is among the least complex of Hellenistic kingdoms at Jannaeus’s time. I propose that the most likely conclusion is that Jannaeus had a more limited political influence over societal organisation than is commonly ascribed. The relatively underdeveloped monetary system in Judaea indicates that monetary exchange likely existed in combination with local transactional frameworks, including local arbitration, payment in kind, and the manipulation of labour by regional strongmen than we might suggest for Pontus under Mithridates VI or Parthia under the early years of Mithridates II. In extrapolating to the wider issue of Judaean political organisation, this casts doubt on the ability of the Hasmonaean monarchy to forcefully Judaise, effect change in local power hierarchies, or play a defining role in Phoenician military struggles. Rather than a militaristic patrimony ordered by the diktats of a tyrannical Jannaeus, Judaean political organisation was more likely a cooperative network of local power brokers, regional administrative frameworks, and independent cultural and economic systems.