Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 320-337) Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 2001. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. 320-337)

Pr.--K. humanistisches Gymnasium in Ansbach für das Schuljahr 1904/5-1907/8.

Thesis--Columbia University.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Columbia University, 1944. / Reproduced from type-written copy. Vita. Bibliography: p. [30]-35.

by Sophie S.F. Leung. / Thesis (M.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1990. / Bibliography: leaves [194]-[203] / Chapter PART I --- INTRODUCTION / Chapter CHAPTER ONE --- GENERAL INTRODUCTION AND AIMS --- p.2 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO --- NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF HONG KONG INFANTS - A LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.4 / Chapter CHAPTER THREE --- ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS / Chapter 3.1 --- Methods of Assessment --- p.12 / Chapter 3.2 --- Physical Growth : Auxology --- p.15 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Growth parameters --- p.16 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- In an individual --- p.17 / Chapter "3,2.3" --- In a population --- p.19 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Reference standards --- p.19 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Classification of malnutrition --- p.23 / Chapter 3.3 --- Dietary Surveys --- p.26 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Methods of data collection --- p.26 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Recommended dietary allowance / recommended nutrient requirement --- p.30 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Use of RDA in interpretation of food consumption surveys --- p.32 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Nutritional allowances for infant --- p.33 / Chapter PART II --- STUDY DESIGN AND RESULTS / Chapter CHAPTER FOUR --- MATERIALS AND METHODS / Chapter 4.1 --- The Research Team --- p.39 / Chapter 4.2 --- The Study Population --- p.39 / Chapter 4.3 --- Follow up --- p.41 / Chapter 4.4 --- Data on Morbidity and Infant Care Practice --- p.41 / Chapter 4.5 --- "Anthropometry (I) : Weight, Length, Head Circumference, Weight and Length Velcoity" --- p.42 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Data collection --- p.42 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Data analysis --- p.45 / Chapter 4.6 --- Anthropometry (II) : Mid-arm circumference --- p.46 / Chapter 4.7 --- "Anthropometry (III) : Triceps, Subscapular Skinfold Thickness" --- p.47 / Chapter 4.8 --- Dietary Data Collection and Analysis --- p.48 / Chapter 4.9 --- Number of Observations --- p.50 / Chapter 4.10 --- Haematological and Biochemical Study --- p.51 / Chapter CHAPTER FIVE --- "RESULTS (I) : DEMOGRAPHY, INFANT CARE PRACTICES AND MORBIDITY" / Chapter 5.1 --- Family Demographic Data --- p.58 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- "Ethnicity, age, weight and height" --- p.58 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Occupation and family income --- p.59 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Education --- p.59 / Chapter 5.1.4 --- Accommodation --- p.59 / Chapter 5.2 --- Study Infants --- p.60 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- "Sex, birth size and birth order" --- p.60 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Mode of delivery --- p.61 / Chapter 5.3 --- Infant Care Arrangements and practices --- p.61 / Chapter 5.4 --- Morbidity --- p.62 / Chapter 5.5 --- Physical Examination --- p.63 / Chapter CHAPTER SIX --- RESULTS (II) : AUXOLOGY / Chapter 6.1 --- Physical Size --- p.73 / Chapter 6.1.1 --- "Weight, length and head circumference" --- p.73 / Chapter 6.1.2 --- Triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness --- p.74 / Chapter 6.1.3 --- Midarm circumference --- p.75 / Chapter 6.1.4 --- Midarm circumference/occipito frontal circumference --- p.75 / Chapter 6.2 --- Growth Velocity --- p.75 / Chapter 6.3 --- Difference between sex --- p.76 / Chapter CHAPTER SEVEN --- RESULTS (III) : NUTRIENT INTAKE / Chapter 7.1 --- Dietary Practice --- p.99 / Chapter 7.1.1 --- Early (preweaning period): birth to 6 months --- p.99 / Chapter 7.1.2 --- Late (weaning period): 6 to 24 months --- p.100 / Chapter 7.2 --- Specific Nutrient Intakes --- p.102 / Chapter 7.2.1 --- Energy --- p.102 / Chapter 7.2.2 --- Protein --- p.103 / Chapter 7.2.3 --- Fat --- p.103 / Chapter 7.2.4 --- "Iron, calcium, vitamin D and vitamin C" --- p.103 / Chapter 7.2.5 --- Sex differences in nutrient intake --- p.104 / Chapter CHAPTER EIGHT --- HAEMATOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL STUDY OF IRON AND VITAMIN D STATUS AT 18 MONTHS / Chapter 8.1 --- Iron --- p.122 / Chapter 8.2 --- Vitamin D --- p.123 / Chapter PART III --- DISCUSSION / Chapter CHAPTER NINE --- EVIDENCE FOR ADEQUATE NUTRITION IN THE STUDY INFANTS / Chapter 9.1 --- Use of Infant Formula Throughout Infancy --- p.130 / Chapter 9.2 --- High Protein Intake in Weaning Period --- p.131 / Chapter 9.3 --- No Iron Deficiency Anaemia and Rickets --- p.132 / Chapter 9.4 --- Normal Health and Activity --- p.132 / Chapter 9.5 --- Secular Change in Infant Growth Observed Over the Last Twenty Years --- p.133 / Chapter 9.6 --- No Correlation between Energy/Protein Intake and Weight/Length --- p.134 / Chapter 9.7 --- No Social Deprivation --- p.134 / Chapter CHAPTER TEN --- LIMITATIONS OF RDA AS A STANDARD TO INTERPRET DIETARY INTAKE DATA / Chapter 10.1 --- Iron --- p.142 / Chapter 10.2 --- Vitamin D --- p.143 / Chapter 10.3 --- Energy --- p.143 / Chapter CHAPTER ELEVEN --- RELEVANCE OF INTERNATIONAL REFERENCES AS STANDARDS TO INTERPRET ADEQUATE GROWTH IN CHINESE INFANTS / Chapter 11.1 --- Misinterpretation of Undernutrition in the Study Infants --- p.150 / Chapter 11.1.1 --- NCHS reference --- p.150 / Chapter 11.1.2 --- Midarm circumference --- p.151 / Chapter 11.1.3 --- Skinfold thickness --- p.152 / Chapter 11.2 --- Shape of Growth Curve --- p.153 / Chapter CHAPTER TWELVE --- FURTHER EVIDENCE FOR A GENETIC ROLE IN CAUSING SMALLNESS IN THE STUDY INFANTS / Chapter 12.1 --- Weight at Birth --- p.165 / Chapter 12.2 --- Weight at 2 Years --- p.166 / Chapter 12.3 --- Correlation with Parental Size --- p.166 / Chapter 12.4 --- Comparison with Canadian and Australian infants --- p.168 / Chapter 12.5 --- Comparison with NCHS --- p.169 / Chapter CHAPTER THIRTEEN --- PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE STUDY / Chapter 13.1 --- Present Infant Feeding Practices --- p.185 / Chapter 13.2 --- Contribution to Current Knowledge on Infant Feeding --- p.187 / Chapter 13.3 --- "Updated Growth Standards of Hong Kong Chinese Infants, Birth to 2 Years" --- p.189 / Chapter 13.4 --- Implication for Further Research --- p.192

by Irene Lap Ting Cheung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 107-123). / Abstract and questionnaire also in Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.ii / Abstract --- p.iii / Table of Contents --- p.vii / List of Figures --- p.x / List of Tables --- p.xi / List of Abbreviations --- p.xiii / Chapter Chapter One: --- Background / Chapter 1.1 --- Health-related Transitions in Hong Kong and their Implications --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Socioeconomic Transition --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Epidemiological Transition --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Nutrition Transition --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2 --- Hong Kong Children's Growth and Nutritional Studies --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Secular Changes in Growth --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Observation of Hypercholesterolemia --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3 --- Health Implications of Local Studies --- p.10 / Chapter 1.4 --- Childhood Obesity --- p.13 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Definition --- p.13 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Prevalence and Trends --- p.14 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Tracking --- p.16 / Chapter 1.4.4 --- Health Implications and Consequences --- p.18 / Chapter 1.4.5 --- Causes --- p.23 / Chapter 1.4.6 --- Treatment and Prevention --- p.34 / Chapter 1.5 --- Study Purpose and Objectives --- p.38 / Chapter Chapter Two: --- Survey Design / Chapter 2.1 --- Sample Selection --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2 --- Survey Methods --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Anthropometric Measurements --- p.40 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Questionnaire --- p.41 / Chapter 2.3 --- Data Analysis --- p.43 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Anthropometric Measurements --- p.43 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Questionnaire --- p.44 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Statistical Data --- p.48 / Chapter 2.4 --- Ethics --- p.49 / Chapter 2.5 --- Summary of Sample and Methods Design --- p.49 / Chapter Chapter Three: --- Results / Chapter 3.1 --- Sample and Response Rate --- p.51 / Chapter 3.2 --- Characteristics of the Sample --- p.52 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Anthropometric Measurements and Nutritional Status --- p.52 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Dietary Intake and Habits --- p.53 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- "Physical Activities, Energy Consumption, and Energy Balance" --- p.69 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Parental Care --- p.77 / Chapter 3.3 --- Associations between Study Variables and Children's Nutritional Status --- p.87 / Chapter Chapter Four: --- Discusssion --- p.89 / Chapter Chapter Five: --- Conclusions and Recommendations --- p.105 / References --- p.107 / Appendices / Chapter 1 --- Research team members --- p.124 / Chapter 2a --- Questionnaire (English version) --- p.125 / Chapter 2b --- Questionnaire (Chinese version) --- p.136 / Chapter 3a --- Introductory letter (English version) --- p.145 / Chapter 3b --- Introductory letter (Chinese version) --- p.148 / Chapter 4a --- Consent form (English version) --- p.151 / Chapter 4b --- Consent form (Chinese version) --- p.152 / Chapter 5 --- Standard household measures used for the teaching of quantifying food amounts eaten and during the interview of children --- p.153 / Chapter 6 --- Individual food portions shown to children during the interview to help quantify food amounts eaten --- p.154 / Chapter 7 --- Parents' health behaviours --- p.157 / Chapter 8a --- "Mean (SD) intakes of energy, nutrients, and other dietary components of males by age" --- p.158 / Chapter 8b --- "Mean (SD) intakes of energy, nutrients, and other dietary components of females by age" --- p.159 / Chapter 9 --- "Population nutrient goals as adapted from WHO Study Group on Diet, Nutrition, and Prevention of Noncommunicable Dieseases，1990" --- p.160 / Chapter 10 --- Significant gender differences in mean±SD energy contributions (%) from macronutrients by meal-type in different age categories --- p.160 / Chapter 11 --- Association between breakfast consumption pattern of males and age --- p.161 / Chapter 12 --- Association between frequency of snacking while viewing television and gender --- p.159 / Chapter 13 --- Association between frequency of food purchase requests and gender --- p.162 / Chapter 14 --- Associations of parents' education (ED) with household dietary and health behaviours --- p.163

Despite considerable evidence in older populations that food intake can improve mental performance, little is known about the acute effects of feeding on cognition in the newborn period, a time when learning and memory are critical for discovering and adapting to everyday experiences. Feeding occurs well over 2500 times in the first year of life, raising the possibility that iterative effects on cognition may have cumulative effects over time. We recently demonstrated feeding enhancement of memory in two-to-three day old infants. Infants tested after a feed (versus before) displayed better memory for unfamiliar spoken words they previously habituated to and that were represented after a 100s delay. In this Doctoral Thesis, Studies 1 and 2 explore further the influence of feeding on short-term retention of spoken words. Memory was assessed using headturning and the Habituation-Recovery response. Study 1 extended the effect to older infants aged two-to-three weeks. Memory was enhanced after a feed over even longer delays, including 100s, 200s, 300s, 400s, and 500s. The overall gain in memory as measured by prefeed and postfeed differences at each delay was over two minutes long. Because newborn infants are more likely to hear recurrent words spoken by familiar voices, auditory experiences that they preferentially recognize, Study 2 looked at the separate effects of familiarity and feeding. Two day-old infants were assessed for either familiar speech-sound ("baby" spoken by the mother) or unfamiliar speech-sound from Study 1 ("beagle" spoken by a female stranger). The baby-mother sound stimulus was remembered better over a retention interval of 85 seconds than unfamiliar beagle-stranger, suggesting a strong influence of familiarity. To define the extent of the feeding effect, Study 3 examined sensorimotor processing of a reflex response. Three day-olds were assessed on habituation and retention of habituation of the glabella blink reflex over delays of 8s and l8s. No effect of feeding was found. Taken together, the implications of these findings are twofold. First, enhancement of memory for speech-sound by iterative feeding or recurrent exposure to familiar speech-sound stimuli may facilitate the acquisition of language. Second, feeding effects on cognition may depend on the nature of the task and previous experience with the stimulus. Further research is necessary for identifying what kinds of information and what processing abilities are more susceptible to the effects of feeding in early infancy.

Thesis - Amsterdam.

No description available.