by Ng Man Ying. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-124). / Acknowledgements / List of Abbreviations / Summary / List of Contents / List of Tables / List of Figures / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction and the aim of study --- p.1-4 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- "The risk of overnutrition in childhood"" -a literature review" / Chapter 2.1 --- Obesity is a nutritional problem of affluent developed societies --- p.5-11 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Definition of obesity / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Classification / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Prevalence of obesity / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Obesity related to the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) / Chapter 2.2 --- "Hypercholesterolemia is also a manifestation of overnutrition which related to ""rich"" dietary pattern" --- p.11-15 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Hypercholesterolemia plays an important role in the development of CHD / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Dietary factor related to hypercholesterolemia and CHD / Chapter 2.3 --- Preventive measurement should start from childhood --- p.15-20 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Obesity in childhood might persist into adolescent and adulthood / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Atherosclerosis lesion might occur in young / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Serum cholesterol level in childhood might track into adult life / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Dietary pattern acquired from early- life and might persist into adulthood / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Methods of dietary assessment and body fatness evaluation - a review / Chapter 3.1 --- Dietary assessment --- p.21 -27 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Methods for collecting dietary intake data / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Food composition table / Chapter 3.2 --- Body fatness evaluation --- p.27 -39 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Simple indices to express body fatness / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Skinfold thickness measurement to assess body fat / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Calculation of body fat from skinfold measurement via body density / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Body composition measurement to evaluate body fatness / Chapter Chapter 4 --- "Subjects, Materials and methods" / Chapter 4.1 --- Subjects --- p.40 -41 / Chapter 4.2 --- Anthropometric measurement --- p.41-46 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Weight / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Height / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Skinfold thickness measurement / Chapter 4.3 --- Body fatness evaluation 46 - --- p.48 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Weight for age and weight for height / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Body Mass Index (BMI) / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Triceps skinfold thickness (TRSF) / Chapter 4.3.4 --- Body fat percentage calculated from skinfold equation via density / Chapter 4.4 --- Dietary assessment --- p.48 -50 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Dietary intake data / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Nutrient intake data / Chapter 4.5 --- Blood cholesterol measurement --- p.51 -52 / Chapter 4.6 --- Data Analysis --- p.52 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Results / Chapter 5.1 --- Sample size --- p.53 / Chapter 5.2 --- Anthropometric measurement --- p.53 -57 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Weight and height / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Skinfold thickness / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Body Mass Index (BMI) / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Percentage body fat content calculated from skinfold thickness / Chapter 5.2.5 --- Prevalence of obesity in studied children / Chapter 5.3 --- Composition of dietary intake --- p.57-60 / Chapter 5.4 --- Blood cholesterol level --- p.60 -61 / Chapter 5.5 --- Relationship between body fatness and current diet --- p.61-62 / Chapter 5.6 --- Relationship between body fatness and serum lipid level --- p.62 / Chapter 5.7 --- Relationship between serum lipid and current diet --- p.62 -63 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Discussion / Chapter 6.1 --- Preventive measures for obesity should be started from childhood --- p.93 -94 / Chapter 6.2 --- High Serum TC level of Hong Kong children is a cause for concern --- p.95 -96 / Chapter 6.3 --- Validity of results and the need for further study --- p.96 -99 / Chapter 6.4 --- Conclusion --- p.99 -101 / References --- p.101 -124 / Chapter Appendix I --- Reliability test of anthropometric measurement --- p.125 / Chapter Appendix II --- Dietary record form used in study --- p.126-129

by Susan Sau Han Lui. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves [141]-158). / Chapter CHAPTER ONE : --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1-5 / Chapter CHAPTER TWO : --- LITERATURE REVIEW / Chapter 2.1 --- Methods of Studying Energy Intake - Dietary Assessment --- p.6-17 / Chapter 2.2 --- Energy Intake and Growth of Children --- p.18-31 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Energy Intake and Growth Studies of Children in Other Countries / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Energy Intake and Growth Studies in Hong Kong Children / Chapter 2.3 --- Methods for Measuring Energy Expenditure --- p.31-43 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Direct Calorimetry / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Indirect Calorimetry / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Heart Rate Method / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Doubly-labbeled Water (DLW) Method / Chapter 2.4 --- Energy Expenditure Studies in Children --- p.43-48 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Energy Expenditure of Normal Children / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Energy Expenditure for Obese Children / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Energy Expenditure for Malnorished Children / Chapter 2.4.4 --- Other Energy Expenditure Data / Chapter CHAPTER THREE : --- A STUDY OF ENERGY INTAKE AND GROWTH FROM BIRTH TO TWO YEARS / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.49-50 / Chapter 3.2 --- Objectives --- p.50 -51 / Chapter 3.3 --- Methodology --- p.51-69 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- The Nutritional Research Team / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Study Outline / Chapter 3.3.3 --- The Recruitment / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Study Plan / Chapter 3.3.5 --- The First and Subsequent Visits / Chapter 3.3.6 --- Measurement of Dependent Variables - Anthropometric Measurements / Chapter 3.3.7 --- Measurement of Independent Variables from Nutrient Intakes / Chapter 3.3.8 --- Other Independent Variables Considered Related to Growth Variation / Chapter 3.3.9 --- Physical and Biochemical Examination / Chapter 3.3.10 --- Data Analysis / Chapter 3.3.11 --- Summary of the approach / Chapter 3.4 --- Descriptive Results --- p.69 -84 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Demographic Data / Chapter 3.4.2 --- General Characteristics of the Children Studied / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Growth / Chapter 3.4.4 --- Dietary Intake / Chapter 3.5 --- Result of Statistical Analysis of Variables influencing Growth --- p.84-101 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Variables Affecting the Attained Standard Deviation Scores (Z scores) / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Variables Affecting the Change in Relative Positions of Growth Standard Deviation Scores (Z Scores) / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Variables Associated with Lower Attained Growth Standard Deviation Scores (Z scores) / Chapter 3.6 --- Discussion --- p.101 -115 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- Descriptive Data / Chapter 3.6.2 --- Whether the Variation of Growth Can be Explained by Energy Intake / Chapter 3.6.3 --- Whether the Variation of Growth Can be Explained by Other Variables / Chapter CHAPTER FOUR : --- ENERGY EXPENDITURE STUDY / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.116 / Chapter 4.2 --- Subjects --- p.116-118 / Chapter 4.3 --- Methodology --- p.118 -123 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Clinical and Anthropometric Assessments / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Dietary Assessment / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Assessment of Energy Expenditure / Chapter 4.4 --- Results --- p.123 -127 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Background Characteristics / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Dietary Intake / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Energy Expenditure / Chapter 4.4.4 --- Comparison of Energy Intake and Expenditure / Chapter 4.4.5 --- Comparison with Other Studies / Chapter 4.5 --- Discussion --- p.127 -132 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Subjects / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Energy Intake and Expenditure / Chapter 4.5.3 --- Comparison with Other Studies / Chapter 4.5.4 --- Summary / Chapter CHAPTER FIVE : --- CONCLUSIONS / Chapter 5.1 --- Pattern of Growth --- p.133 / Chapter 5.2 --- Energy Intake and Energy Expenditure of Children in Hong Kong --- p.134 / Chapter 5.3 --- Variables Affecting Growth --- p.134-136 / Chapter 5.4 --- Implications of the Study Design and Methodology 136 - --- p.138 / Chapter 5.5 --- Implication and Application of the Growth and Energy Intake Standards --- p.138-140

養分與睡眠的關聯是一個在睡眠科學上極具爭議性的課題。減低攝取蛋白質和碳水化合物會導致失眠，增加攝取總脂肪和油份會導致失眠。維生素和礦物質也被認為與失眠有關。此論文嘗試通過研究一般香港中國人的食習慣和失眠情況，進一步了解營養物質與失眠之間的關聯。此論文將會深入探討營養成分對失眠的影響。 / 背景和目標： 失眠是常見的睡眠障礙和公共衛生問題。失眠可分為三個亞型：難以啟動睡眠(DIM)、難以維持睡眠(DMS) 和過早覺醒類型(EMA)。然而，有關的研究多着重於外國人口。針對研究香港中國人口的失眠情況與營養成分關聯的資料相對比較少。此研究目的是找出在香港中國人口失眠與營養成分之間的關聯，有助研究失眠與營養成分之間的機制。據推測，失眠與營養成分之間於香港中國人口有關聯。香港中國人口失眠症患者的食特點跟其他地區人口會有所不同。失眠的三個亞型和營養成分之間的關聯會有所不同。 / 研究方法： 十三間學校被邀請進行了橫斷面研究。一百三十八位青少年(六十一男、七十七女) 以及一百七十三位成年人（八十四男、 八十九女）應邀參加這項研究。有關日常營養攝取量的資料，以自行申報的三天膳食記錄表取得。有關失眠症狀的評估，以自行申報的標準睡眠問卷（ISI）獲得。有關焦慮和抑鬱的評估，以自行申報的醫院焦慮抑鬱量表（HADS）取得。 / 研究結果與結論：分析顯示，失眠與減低攝取維生素A有關聯(成年人組別p = 0.02、青少年組別p = 0.01)，與減低攝取維生素D有關聯(成年人組別p = 0.02、青少年組別p = 0.01）和與減低攝取維生素E有關聯(成年人組別p = 0.02、青少年組別p = 0.01)。失眠綜合症與難以啟動睡眠(DIM)、難以維持睡眠(DMS) 和過早覺醒類型(EMA) 與減低攝取飽和脂肪、碳水化合物、維生素A 、維生素D、和維生素E有關聯。此研究證實了香港中國人口的失眠與營養成分之間有關聯。證實了香港中國人口失眠症患者的食特點跟其他地區人口有不同。證實了失眠的三個亞型和營養成分之間的關聯有不同。我們於這項研究成功找到與失眠有關的營養成分，有助研發以天然營養物質來解決香港中國人的失眠問題。 / The association of nutrients and sleep is a debatable question in sleep science. Some literatures suggest that sleep is enhanced by certain nutrients, while some other literatures suggest that sleep is deprived by certain nutrients causing insomnia. This dissertation attempts to address the association between nutrients and insomnia of Hong Kong Chinese Population. / Background and Objective: Insomnia is a common sleep disorder and a major public health issue. Insomnia could be classified into three subtypes: Difficulty in Initiating Sleep (DIS), Difficulty in Maintaining Sleep (DMS), and Early Morning Awakening (EMA). Vitamins and minerals are thought to be associated with insomnia. From literature reviews, studies in western population and in Asian population found that protein and carbohydrates, fat and oil are associated with insomnia. Insomnia could be affected by the availability of nutritional substances in individual’s diet. However, limited studies are done in Hong Kong Chinese population on the association between insomnia and nutrient components. The aim of this study is to find out the association between insomnia and nutrient components in-take in Hong Kong Chinese population. / Hypothesis: It is hypothesized insomnia and nutrient components would also have association in Hong Kong Chinese population. It is hypothesized the dietary characteristic of insomniac in Hong Kong Chinese population would be different from that of non-Hong Kong Chinese population, and it is hypothesized each insomnia subtype and nutrient components would have different association. / Method: A community-based cross-sectional study is conducted in 13 schools. There are 138 adolescents (61 male and 77 female) and 173 adults (84 male and 89 female) participated in this study. Information of daily nutrient intake is obtained by a self-administrated 3-day food diary, the assessment of insomnia symptom is obtained by a standard sleep questionnaire Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the assessment of anxiety and depression is obtained by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). / Results and Conclusion: Agree with the hypothesis, insomnia and nutrient component have association in Hong Kong Chinese population. The dietary characteristic of insomniac in Hong Kong Chinese population is different from that of non-Hong Kong Chinese population. Each insomnia subtype and nutrient component has different association. Multivariance analysis shows insomnia subtype Difficult Initiating Sleep (DIS), Difficult Maintaining Sleep (DMS), Early Morning Awakening (EMA), and overall insomnia syndrome associate with decreased in-take of vitamin A, vitamin D and vitamin E in both adults and adolescents. Decreased intake of saturated fat associates with insomnia subtype DMS and decreased intake of carbohydrate associates with insomnia subtype EMA in this study. Information from this study shines lights on the relationship of insomnia and nutrients in-take in the general population of Hong Kong Chinese. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Lau, Yin Wah Vivien. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2013. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 82-90). / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Abstract: --- p.i-iv / Acknowledgements: --- p.v / Table of contents: --- p.vi-viii / List of Lists: --- p.ix / List of Tables: --- p.ix / List of Figures: --- p.ix / Objective --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Sleep Research --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Background and History of Sleep Research --- p.2-3 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Sleep Function and Consequence --- p.3-4 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Neurotransmitters and Neuromodulators --- p.4-5 / Chapter 1.2 --- Insomnia --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- The Definition of Insomnia --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.1.1 --- Many Different Definitions of Insomnia Diagnostic Criteria --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.1.2 --- Diagnostic Criteria used for Insomnia in This Study --- p.6-8 / Chapter 1.2.1.3 --- Symptoms and Syndrome of Insomnia --- p.9-10 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- The Cost of Insomnia --- p.10-11 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- The Common Causes of Insomnia --- p.11 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Cognitive-Behavioral Model of Insomnia --- p.12 / Chapter 1.2.5 --- Treatments of Insomnia --- p.14 / Chapter 1.2.6 --- Confounding Factors of Insomnia --- p.14 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Age, Education and Body Mass Effect on Sleep Pattern / Chapter 2.1 --- Age --- p.16 / Chapter 2.2 --- Education --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3 --- Body Mass --- p.17 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Mood, Pain, Sleep Hygiene, Drug, Caffeine and Alcohol Effect on Sleep Pattern / Chapter 3.1 --- Mood --- p.18 / Chapter 3.2 --- Pain --- p.18 / Chapter 3.3 --- Sleep Hygiene --- p.18 / Chapter 3.4 --- Drug --- p.20 / Chapter 3.5 --- Caffeine --- p.20 / Chapter 3.6 --- Alcohol --- p.20 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Nutrient Components / Chapter 4.1 --- Macro-nutrient --- p.21 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Carbohydrate --- p.21-22 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Fatty Acid --- p.22-23 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Protein --- p.23-24 / Chapter 4.2 --- Micro-nutrient --- p.24 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Vitamin B₁ (Thiamine) --- p.24 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Vitamin B₂ (Riboflavin) and Vitamin B₃ (Niacin) --- p.24-25 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Vitamin B₆ (Pyridoxine) --- p.25 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Vitamin B₁₂ (Cobalamin, Folate) --- p.25-26 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Vitamin A and Vitamin D --- p.26-27 / Chapter 4.2.6 --- Tryptophan, Tyrosine, Choline and Phosphatidylcholine (Lecithin) --- p.27-28 / Chapter 4.2.7 --- Vitamin E and Vitamin C --- p.30 / Chapter 4.2.8 --- Iron --- p.30 / Chapter Chapter 5: --- Nutrient Components and Insomnia / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.32 / Chapter 5.2 --- Social Perspective of Insomnia and Nutrients --- p.33 / Chapter 5.3 --- Biochemical Perspective of Insomnia and Nutrients --- p.33-34 / Chapter Chapter 6: --- Material and Method / Chapter 6.1 --- Sampling Method --- p.35 / Chapter 6.1.1 --- Background --- p.35 / Chapter 6.1.2 --- Method --- p.35 / Chapter 6.1.3 --- Population --- p.35 / Chapter 6.1.4 --- Questionnaire --- p.36 / Chapter 6.1.5 --- Food Diary --- p.36 / Chapter 6.2 --- Participant Recruitment Criteria --- p.38 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Major Inclusion Criteria for This Study --- p.38 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Major Exclusion Criteria for This Study --- p.38 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Ethical Considerations --- p.38 / Chapter 6.3 --- Statistic Analysis --- p.39 / Chapter 6.4 --- Quality Assessment and Data Extraction --- p.39 / Chapter 6.5 --- Hypothesis --- p.40 / Chapter Chapter 7: --- Results / Chapter 7.1 --- Demographic Data --- p.41 / Chapter 7.2 --- Overall Insomnia --- p.43 / Chapter 7.2.1 --- Difficult Initiating Sleep (DIS) --- p.52 / Chapter 7.2.2 --- Difficulty Maintaining Sleep (DMS) --- p.52 / Chapter 7.2.3 --- Early Morning Awakening (EMA) --- p.61 / Chapter 7.2.4 --- Insomnia Syndrome --- p.61 / Chapter Chapter 8: --- Discussion and Limitation / Chapter 8.1 --- Age and Insomnia --- p.71 / Chapter 8.2 --- Alcohol and Insomnia --- p.72 / Chapter 8.3 --- Caffeine and Insomnia --- p.72 / Chapter 8.4 --- Carbohydrate and Insomnia --- p.72-73 / Chapter 8.5 --- Vitamin E and Insomnia --- p.73 / Chapter 8.6 --- Vitamin A and Insomnia --- p.74 / Chapter 8.7 --- Vitamin D and Insomnia --- p.74 / Chapter 8.8 --- Saturated Fat and Insomnia --- p.75 / Chapter 8.9 --- Summary --- p.76 / Chapter Chapter 9: --- Limitation and Implications / Chapter 9.1 --- Limitation of This Study --- p.77 / Chapter 9.2 --- Implication to Further Study --- p.77-78 / Chapter 9.3 --- Implication to Clinical Intervention --- p.78-79 / Chapter Chapter 10: --- Executive Summary --- p.80-81 / Bibliography --- p.82-90

Chan Oi Wan = 運動前進食不同血糖指數食物及運動中補充碳水化合物飲料對長跑能力的影響 / 陳靄允. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 72-91). / Text in English; abstracts in English and Chinese. / Chan Oi Wan = Yun dong qian jin shi bu tong xue tang zhi shu shi wu ji yun dong zhong bu chong tan shui hua he wu yin liao dui chang pao neng li de ying xiang / Chen Aiyun. / Acknowledgments --- p.i / Abstract --- p.iii / Table of Contents --- p.vii / List of Figures --- p.ix / List of Tables --- p.x / Chapter Chapter One --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Background --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Purpose --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3 --- Significance of the Study --- p.5 / Chapter Chapter Two --- Review of Literature --- p.6 6 / Chapter 2.1 --- "Energy Metabolism during Prolonged, Submaximal Exercise" --- p.6 / Chapter 2.2 --- Importance of Nutrition on Exercise Performance --- p.9 / Chapter 2.3 --- Application of GI --- p.20 / Chapter CHAPTER Three --- Methodology --- p.36 / Chapter 3.1 --- General Methods --- p.36 / Chapter 3.2 --- Preliminary Testing --- p.42 / Chapter 3.3 --- Subjects --- p.45 / Chapter 3.4 --- Experimental Design --- p.46 / Chapter 3.5 --- Procedures --- p.47 / Chapter 3.6 --- Prescribed Meals --- p.50 / Chapter 3.7 --- Prescribed CHO-electrolyte Drink --- p.50 / Chapter 3.8 --- Statistical Analysis --- p.51 / Chapter Chapter Four --- Results --- p.52 / Chapter 4.1 --- Dietary Analysis --- p.52 / Chapter 4.2 --- Running Performance --- p.52 / Chapter 4.3 --- Blood Metabolites --- p.53 / Chapter 4.4 --- Metabolic Responses --- p.60 / Chapter 4.5 --- Subjective Responses and Heart Rates Responses --- p.61 / Chapter Chapter Five --- Discussion --- p.64 / Recommendations and Applications --- p.70 / References --- p.72 / Appendices --- p.95

Thesis (M.N.)--Memorial University of Newfoundland, School of Nursing, 1998. / Typescript. Bibliography: leaves 156-177.

Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 3137. Adviser: Jeanne B. Martin. Includes bibliographical references.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2010.

Resumo:O estresse térmico é o desequilíbrio que ocorre no organismo animal em resposta às condições climáticas adversas, desencadeando vários distúrbios metabólicos, fisiológicos e produtivos em animais. Com a finalidade de controlar as alterações fisiológicas dos ovinos ao estresse térmico, propôsse a utilização de níveis apropriados de eletrólitos e a sua adequada proporção na ração. Assim o presente trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito de alterações no equilíbrio eletrolítico de dietas, com base em modificações no balanço (BE) e relação eletrolítica (RE), como forma de controle das alterações fisiológicas causada pelo estresse térmico em ovinos. Para tanto, foram considerados os parâmetros fisiológicos de 12 cordeiros lanados, distribuídos em um delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso, em arranjo fatorial incompleto 3x3, totalizando cinco tratamentos, decorrentes de combinações entre BE 0, 50 e 100 e RE 5:1, 10:1 e 15:1. Os parâmetros fisiológicos foram avaliados em três períodos distintos, dois deles com temperaturas médias de 28ºC, apresentando um período intermediário com temperaturas variando entre 35 e 37ºC. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e posteriormente a análise de regressão. Os parâmetros fisiológicos: frequências cardíaca, respiratória, temperatura de mucosa retal, do globo ocular, da axila e movimentos ruminais apresentaram-se sensíveis aos níveis de suplementação de BE e RE. Os resultados indicaram que os grupos com BE menores que 50 e RE entre 8 e 14 foram superiores. Dessa forma podemos concluir que a utilização do ideal equilíbrio eletrolítico em ovinos foi capaz de modular as respostas fisiológicas desses animais mitigando os efeitos do estresse térmico / Abstract:Heat stress is the imbalance that occurs in the animal organism in response to adverse weather conditions, triggering several metabolic disorders, physiological and productive animals. In order to control the physiological changes of the sheep to thermal stress, it was proposed to use appropriate levels of electrolyte and its appropriate proportion in the feed. Thus the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of changes in electrolyte balance of diets, based on changes in the balance sheet (BE) and electrolyte ratio (RE) as a way to control the physiological changes caused by thermal stress in sheep. Therefore, we considered the physiological parameters of 12 lanados lambs were assigned to a completely randomized experimental design, in incomplete factorial arrangement 3x3 with five diets, resulting from combinations of BE 0, 50 and 100 and RE 5: 1, 10: 1 to 15: 1. The physiological parameters were evaluated in three distinct periods, two with average temperatures of 28 ° C, with an intermediate period with temperatures ranging between 35 and 37 ° C. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and regression analysis later. The physiological parameters heart rates, respiratory, rectal mucosal temperature, eyeball, armpit and ruminal movements were sensitive to the supplementation levels of BE and RE. The results indicated that the groups with lower BE RE 50 and 8 to 14 were superior. Thus we conclude that the optimum use of electrolyte balance in sheep was able to modulate physiological responses of these animals mitigating the effects of heat stress / Orientador:Luiz Cláudio Nogueira Mendes / Banca:Sirlei Aparecida Maestá / Banca:Manoel Garcia Neto / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-06T13:02:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-11-28. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2015-10-06T13:19:22Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000849305.pdf: 686882 bytes, checksum: 47c0fe9708c960d452bbc5732349a44c (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Heat stress is the imbalance that occurs in the animal organism in response to adverse weather conditions, triggering several metabolic disorders, physiological and productive animals. In order to control the physiological changes of the sheep to thermal stress, it was proposed to use appropriate levels of electrolyte and its appropriate proportion in the feed. Thus the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of changes in electrolyte balance of diets, based on changes in the balance sheet (BE) and electrolyte ratio (RE) as a way to control the physiological changes caused by thermal stress in sheep. Therefore, we considered the physiological parameters of 12 lanados lambs were assigned to a completely randomized experimental design, in incomplete factorial arrangement 3x3 with five diets, resulting from combinations of BE 0, 50 and 100 and RE 5: 1, 10: 1 to 15: 1. The physiological parameters were evaluated in three distinct periods, two with average temperatures of 28 ° C, with an intermediate period with temperatures ranging between 35 and 37 ° C. The results were submitted to analysis of variance and regression analysis later. The physiological parameters heart rates, respiratory, rectal mucosal temperature, eyeball, armpit and ruminal movements were sensitive to the supplementation levels of BE and RE. The results indicated that the groups with lower BE RE 50 and 8 to 14 were superior. Thus we conclude that the optimum use of electrolyte balance in sheep was able to modulate physiological responses of these animals mitigating the effects of heat stress

Introduction: The dietary intake of the elderly, especially the protein intake, is very important as to avoid any complications and for the proper course of hospitalization. Prerequisite for this thesis is that within the general ward we can mostly find elderly patients, therefore, this thesis is focused also on the topic of malnutrition. Malnutrition is very closely connected to the elderly and generally to the dietary intake during hospitalization. Aim: The main aim of this thesis is to outline and review the actual amount of consumed energy and protein of elderly patients in hospitals. The amount is determined by an analysis of returned food and is compared to the recommended intake of energy and protein for individual patients. The objective is also to evaluate possible reasons for the low food intake concerning certain patients. Methods: The energy and protein intake were assessed by the analysis of patient's returned food and then calculated in the nutritional application Nutriservis. The potential reasons for the low food intake concerning the elderly patients were assessed by surveys using frequential, closed-ended questions. A part of the survey was focused on the diet during the stay in the hospital, the other part was inspired by the scale of MNA screening and it was aimed at the BMI...