O presente trabalho objetivou inventariar borboletas frugívoras através de armadilhas atrativas, método para o qual não se tem registro do uso estandartizado no Rio Grande do Sul. Foram realizadas saídas a campo no Vale do Rio Maquine (29º35’S 50º16’W GR) RS, Brasil, de dezembro/2006 a abril/2007. Duas trilhas foram amostradas: mata em estágio intermediário de regeneração (MI) e mata preservada (MP). Foram calculados estimadores analíticos de riqueza, índices de diversidade, dominância e similaridade. Foram amostrados 684 indivíduos (N) em 34 espécies (S) (MI: S=27 e N=429 e MP: S=25 e N=255). Os estimadores de riqueza indicaram que 70-80% da fauna foi amostrada. Mais de 70% dos indivíduos pertencem a apenas cinco espécies, revelando a alta dominância. Hamadryas epinome (C. Felder & R. Felder, 1867) foi a espécie mais abundante, com dominância acentuada em MI. Mais de 50% das espécies foram compartilhadas. Índices de similaridade (Jaccard = 053 e Morisita = 0,85) indicam semelhança entre trilhas. Comparando os resultados com inventário realizado com rede entomológica, concomitantemente e nas mesmas áreas, obteve-se abundância e riqueza bastante superior em relação a guilda de frugívoras capturada com armadilhas, ressaltando a importância do uso de armadilhas para o real conhecimento desta guilda. Houve associação significativa entre método de captura e abundância das subfamílias (P < 0,001). Entre as quatro espécies mais abundantes, 21 a 59%, dos indivíduos foram recapturados pelo menos uma vez. Dados sobre longevidade foram surpreendentes, indicando sobrevivência além do esperado e conhecido para borboletas frugívoras neotropicais: por ex., H epinome, apresentou longevidade registrada de 128 e 129 dias (máximo registrável no período de estudo). Catoblepia amphirhoe (Hübner, [1825]), Penetes pamphanis Doubleday, [1849], Caligo brasiliensis (C. Felder, 1862), foram registros novos para Maquiné. Face o ineditismo dos dados, espera-se que o Presente estudo seja base para futuras pesquisas com esta guilda específica, da qual pouco Se conhece no Rio Grande do Sul. / Diversity of fruit-feeding butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) and evaluation of the use of baited traps associated to mark-recapture in Atlantic Forest environments, South Brazil. This work aimed to study fruit-feeding butterflies with baited traps, method for which there are no records of the standartized use in Rio Grande do Sul. Field work was carried out at the Maquiné Valley (29º 35’S 50º 16’W GR), RS, Brazil, from december/2006 to april/2007. Two transects were sampled: one along a forest at an intermediate stage of regeneration (M1) and another within a well preserved forest (MP). Richness analytical estimators, diversity, similarity and dominance indexes were calculated. As a whole, 684 individuals (N) in 34 species (S) were sampled (MI: S = 27 and N = 429 and MP: S = 25, N = 255). Species richness estimators indicated that 7040% of the fauna was sampled, Over 70% of individuals belonged to just five species, revealing a high dominance pattern. Satyrinae was the richest subfamily (S = 10) and the most abundant Biblidinae (N = 350). Hamadryas epinome (Felder & Felder, 1867) was the most abundant species, with marked dominance in MI. More than 50% of the species were shared among MI and MP. Jaccard (0,53) e Morisita (0,85) indexes corroborate the similarity between the sites. Comparing these results with those yielded by a survey conducted concomitantly at the same areas but using with butterfly nets, species richness and abundance was much higher for the fruit-feeding butterflies guild using baited traps. Thus, it is emphasized the importance of the use of traps for studying this guild. Also, there was a significant association between method of capture and abundance of subfamilies (P < 0.001). Among the four most abundant species, 21 to 59 % of individuals were recaptured at least once. Data on longevity was surprising, indicating survival beyond the expected and known for neotropical fruit-feeding butterflies: e.g., for two H. epinome it was registered 128 and 129 days between first and last capture (maximum recordable the period of study). Catoblepia amphirhoe (Hübner, [1 825]), Penetes pamphanis Doubleday, [1 849], Caligo brasiliensis (C. Felder, 1862), were new records for Maquiné. Given the novelty of the data here Presented, it is expected that this study shall encourage and support future research with this particular guild, for which so little is known in Rio Grande do Sul.

Resumo: A fragmentação da paisagem resultante das ações antrópica gera inúmeras conseqüências, sendo delas a mais grave a perda da biodiversidade. A restauração ecológica tem como objetivo levar um ecossistema degradado a um estado mais próximo possível daquele anterior aos distúrbios. As borboletas frugívoras são consideradas como ótimos insetos bioindicadores. Para se avaliar os esforços da restauração, faz-se necessário o monitoramento dessas áreas, através de bioindicadores. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a comunidade de borboletas frugívoras de áreas em processo de restauração, comparando a fragmentos de floresta nativa e a áreas degradadas (pastagem), para confirmar a hipótese de que a composição e distribuição de borboletas frugívoras (Nymphalidae) nas áreas em processo de restauração estão mais próximas às características da comunidade dos fragmentos da região do que das áreas de pastagens. O estudo foi realizado em três sítios diferentes, onde foram avaliados 3 tratamentos: uma área de pastagem (matriz), um fragmento florestal e uma área de plantio misto com espécies nativas (plantios realizados há 11 anos, visando à restauração florestal da área). As coletas dos indivíduos foram feitas em armadilhas atrativas, considerando-se um conjunto de cinco armadilhas em linha como uma unidade amostral por tratamento (Restauração, Fragmento e Pasto), em cada sítio amostral (1, 2 e 3). Foram analisadas a abundância e riqueza observada de espécies, a riqueza esperada pela curva de rarefação e a distribuição e composição das espécies para cada tratamento. Foram calculados os índices de diversidade de Shannon-Wiener e de alfa de Fisher e eqüidade de Pielou.. As amostras foram comparadas entre si através de análise de agrupamento pelo método... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract : The landscape fragmentation resulting from the human actions generates countless consequences, among them the most serious is the biodiversity loss. Ecological restoration has as objective taking a degraded ecosystem back to a state as close as possible to that previous to the disturbances. To evaluate the effectiveness of restoration efforts it is necessary the monitoring of those areas by means of indicators. The fruit-feeding butterflies are considered as good bioindicator insects. This research aimed at evaluating the fruit-feeding butterflies (Nymphalidae) community of ecosystems in restoration process in comparison with the neighboring native forest fragments and grasslands (pastures). The study was settled at 3 different sites where mixed tree restoration plantings were established 11 years ago. The butterflies surveys were made using attractive traps, considering a group of 5 five traps in line as one sampling unit for each treatment (Restoration, Fragment and Pasture) in every one of the three study sites (1, 2 and 3). The data were analyzed to verify the diversity patterns and expected species richness within the habitats in each treatment. We also estimated Shannon-Wiener's and Fisher's alpha diversity indexes and Pielou's Equitability. The expected richness was estimated by rarefaction curves. The samples were compared by Bray- Curtis' cluster analysis and correspondence analysis. Stepwise multiple regressions were made to correlate the environmental characteristics with butterfly abundance and species richness. A total of 978 individuals were collected, distributed within 48 species, representing six subfamilies of Nymphalidae. Concerning the species composition of the fruit-feeding butterfly assemblages, we found differences among treatments, were... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Orientador: Vera Lex Engel / Coorientador: Marcio Uehara-Prado / André Victor Lucci Freitas / Banca: Ricardo Ribeiro Rodrigues / Mestre

The Hermit butterfly Chazara briseis is a species from the family Nymphalidae, inhabiting mostly short-stemmed dry steppes. In Central Europe, it is critically endangered. It is therefore currently the subject of many conservation activities, including reintroductions. In such translocations of individuals, it is important that the native and source populations be as closely related as possible in all respects. Therefore, individuals of two forms of this species, Ch. briseis pannonica (Austrian population) and Ch. briseis bataia (Czech population) were bred and their reproductive characteristics were recorded and the differences between the two forms were observed. During two seasons 5 Austrian and 8 Czech females were successfully bred. The Austrian and Czech populations differed mainly in the timing of adult hatching and the beginning of the laying of eggs by females - Austrian individuals are phenologically shifted to one week to 14 days earlier. Individual populations of the same species may also differ from each other in the presence of Wolbachia pipientis. This bacterium can affect the sex ratio in a population as well as the reproduction behavior of individuals. There was a suspicion of its presence in the Czech population. Therefore, a part of the Czech population was treated with...

There is much evidence that herbivory is a key innovation for the tremendous success of insect. In this thesis I have investigated different aspects of host plant utilization and phenotypic plasticity using the polyphagous comma butterfly, Polygonia c-album. Even though external conditions affect a phenotypic plastic response, the outcome is often influenced by a genetic background which may differ among populations. In Paper I we suspected the genetic background to seasonal polymorphism to be X-linked. However, results from interspecific hybridization between two populations suggested that diapause response is instead inherited in a mainly autosomally additive fashion, with a possible influence of sexual antagonism on males. In Paper II we showed that female oviposition preference is not a plastic response influenced by larval experience, but has a genetic background coupled to host plant suitability. Further, there is a strong individual correlation between larval host plant acceptance and female host plant specificity (Paper III). We believe this to be a larval feed-back genetically linked to female host specificity: offspring to ‘choosy’ specialist mothers benefit by remaining on the original host while offspring to less discriminating generalist mothers should risk inspecting the surroundings, thus compensating for potential poor female choice. In the larval mid-gut, genes are differentially expressed depending on host plant diet (Paper IV). Therefore, we expected to find fitness consequences of host plant switch. However, although growth rate was affected in a few treatments, larvae were generally surprisingly good at adjusting to new diets (Paper V). To conclude, host plant choice in both female and larval life stage is connected to performance. Combined with increased understanding about the plastic response to diet intake and seasonal polymorphism we have gained further insights into the processes of local adaptations and speciation in the Lepidoptera. / At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Submitted Manuscript; Paper 5: Manuscript

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-03-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:09:42Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 furlanetti_prr_me_botfca.pdf: 630497 bytes, checksum: 5582f10c88dd5e1c4e6dd80bdb26a3dd (MD5) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / A fragmentação da paisagem resultante das ações antrópica gera inúmeras conseqüências, sendo delas a mais grave a perda da biodiversidade. A restauração ecológica tem como objetivo levar um ecossistema degradado a um estado mais próximo possível daquele anterior aos distúrbios. As borboletas frugívoras são consideradas como ótimos insetos bioindicadores. Para se avaliar os esforços da restauração, faz-se necessário o monitoramento dessas áreas, através de bioindicadores. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a comunidade de borboletas frugívoras de áreas em processo de restauração, comparando a fragmentos de floresta nativa e a áreas degradadas (pastagem), para confirmar a hipótese de que a composição e distribuição de borboletas frugívoras (Nymphalidae) nas áreas em processo de restauração estão mais próximas às características da comunidade dos fragmentos da região do que das áreas de pastagens. O estudo foi realizado em três sítios diferentes, onde foram avaliados 3 tratamentos: uma área de pastagem (matriz), um fragmento florestal e uma área de plantio misto com espécies nativas (plantios realizados há 11 anos, visando à restauração florestal da área). As coletas dos indivíduos foram feitas em armadilhas atrativas, considerando-se um conjunto de cinco armadilhas em linha como uma unidade amostral por tratamento (Restauração, Fragmento e Pasto), em cada sítio amostral (1, 2 e 3). Foram analisadas a abundância e riqueza observada de espécies, a riqueza esperada pela curva de rarefação e a distribuição e composição das espécies para cada tratamento. Foram calculados os índices de diversidade de Shannon-Wiener e de alfa de Fisher e eqüidade de Pielou.. As amostras foram comparadas entre si através de análise de agrupamento pelo método... / The landscape fragmentation resulting from the human actions generates countless consequences, among them the most serious is the biodiversity loss. Ecological restoration has as objective taking a degraded ecosystem back to a state as close as possible to that previous to the disturbances. To evaluate the effectiveness of restoration efforts it is necessary the monitoring of those areas by means of indicators. The fruit-feeding butterflies are considered as good bioindicator insects. This research aimed at evaluating the fruit-feeding butterflies (Nymphalidae) community of ecosystems in restoration process in comparison with the neighboring native forest fragments and grasslands (pastures). The study was settled at 3 different sites where mixed tree restoration plantings were established 11 years ago. The butterflies surveys were made using attractive traps, considering a group of 5 five traps in line as one sampling unit for each treatment (Restoration, Fragment and Pasture) in every one of the three study sites (1, 2 and 3). The data were analyzed to verify the diversity patterns and expected species richness within the habitats in each treatment. We also estimated Shannon-Wiener’s and Fisher’s alpha diversity indexes and Pielou’s Equitability. The expected richness was estimated by rarefaction curves. The samples were compared by Bray- Curtis' cluster analysis and correspondence analysis. Stepwise multiple regressions were made to correlate the environmental characteristics with butterfly abundance and species richness. A total of 978 individuals were collected, distributed within 48 species, representing six subfamilies of Nymphalidae. Concerning the species composition of the fruit-feeding butterfly assemblages, we found differences among treatments, were... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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