Diploma thesis "Lifestyle as a determinant of overweight and obesity" focuses on risk factors determination which influences overweight and obesity in population in regards to failure of programmes dealing with this topic. Main goal of this thesis is to understand current lifestyle of chosen group of people because traditional understanding for reasons of overweight and obesity - higher energy income than outcome - seems to be insufficient. Further target is current Czech policy analysis, especially part of policy dealing with overweight and obesity prevention and its connection with European Union. In the first part of the thesis reader takes up with overweight and obesity as itself. This is followed by targets and research questions definition. Primary method is qualitative research. There is no generally accepted definition for this kind of research and therefore this method is briefly described here. Method used for policy analysis is content analysis. For this part i used domestic public policy documents as well as abroad ones. The next chapter is devoted to the theoretical recurrences and conceptualization of basic terms which are basement for this work. The chapter focused on development of obesity prevention policy briefly introduces into policy creation from its origins as a protection of...

This dissertation consists of three essays in health economics. The first chapter, "The Built Environment and Obesity in Philadelphia: The Use of Satellite Imagery and Transfer Learning," investigates the relationship between the built environment and health outcomes, specifically obesity prevalence in Philadelphia. The built environment can affect obesity prevalence through the physical activity environment and the food environment. The main innovation of this paper is to use a pre-trained convolutional neural network (CNN) to extract data representing the features of the built environment from high-resolution satellite imagery. Because of the lack of information on the food environment in satellite images, I combined a proxy variable for food access together with the feature variables to represent the characteristics of the built environment. I then employed the Elastic Net model to test the relationship between the feature variables of the built environment and obesity prevalence in Philadelphia. The results show that the built environment is highly associated with obesity prevalence. This study also provides some evidence that the features of the built environment that have been extracted from satellite imagery can reduce the role of food access in estimating obesity, as well as that adding these features can explain more variance of obesity. The second chapter, "Paid Maternity Leave and Child Health: Evidence from Urban China," uses the China Health and Nutrition Survey data to study whether the extension of paid maternity leave affects children's health outcomes in urban China. This paper uses the time variation of the implementation of a maternity leave policy across different provinces from 1987 to 1991 in China to estimate a two-way fixed-effects model. The results suggest that the expansion of paid maternity leave has no impact on children's health in urban China. The last chapter, titled "The Association between Paid Maternity Leave and Mothers' Health and Labor Outcomes in Urban China," studies whether the extension of paid maternity leave in 1987-1991 would affect the labor and health outcomes of mothers in urban China by using the China Health and Nutrition Survey data. Based on the variation in the implementation time of a paid maternity leave policy across different provinces, this paper employs a two-way fixed-effects model to estimate the policy impact on mothers' health and labor outcomes in China. The findings indicate that extending the duration of paid maternity leave is associated with an increased likelihood of mothers remaining employed after childbirth. However, the study also reveals a negative relationship between the extension of paid maternity leave and mothers' wage rates. / Economics

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Obesity is considered to be one of the diseases related to the change in the lifestyle, leading to increased incidence of myocardial infarction, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension and other diseases. Due to the progressively increasing prevalence of obesity in adulthood, prevention of obesity has to start in childhood and adolescent, in which also increase in prevalence of obesity was found. Actual prevalence of overweight and obesity was tested in this thesis by different standards (5. NAS, WHO, IOTF, CDC) in Czech children population in age of 6.5 - 7.5 years in 2013. Its trend since 1951 was evaluated. Since 2008 maintaining of the values in all categories at the constant level was found. The role of risk factors assessed by personal, family and school questionnaires in overweight prevalence was tested. The most important factors were diet, exercise and family factors. Increased weight/height ratio (WHtR) marker of adipose tissue was found in the category of normal weight children also and it shows the link with above-mentioned risk factors of diet, exercise and family prediction. Key words Obesity, Overweight, Prevalence, Childhood, BMI, 5. NAS, WHO, IOTF, CDC, COSI, WHtR, Waist circumference, Risk factors

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-15T13:31:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Noelia Caires.pdf: 604827 bytes, checksum: e0ebadd0ce9042e9aac1c6bb994674f2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005-02-25 / The obesity is considered, nowadays, serious problem in the public health, it has been constituted as a risk factor for chronic disease in the modern society, as mellitus diabetes, high levels of cholesterol, heart diseases and some kinds of cancer. In order to contribute for the knowledge of prevailing of the overweight and the obesity and its factors of risk, in Feira de Santana city, it has been evaluated a significative sample of the employees of Feira de Santana State University (number of 435 persons 73,2%). We use a questionnaire applied during the interview were identified biological variables (gender, age, birth ability, familiar history of obesity, presence of diseases related to obesity); socioeconomic variables (education and family income) and socio-behavioral (marital status, food habits, practice of physical activity, smoking and consumption of alcoholic drinks).Overweight and obesity were defined through the body mass index (BMI) adapting the established criteria by WHO (1997): values between 25 and 29,9 kg\m2 for overweight and the same values or bigger of 30kg/m2 for obesity. The measure of the abdominal circumference was used to evaluate the risks of heart diseases, adopting the suggested values by Latin American Consensus of obesity (1998): high risk ≥ 94 cm in men and ≥80 in women; very high risk ≥ 102 cm in men and ≥ 88cm in women. In the descriptive analysis were included all the individuals, and in the exploratory analysis were excluded the individuals with low weight (number of 18). Among the 435 participants of the study, the prevailation of overweight and obesity was 31,15% and 10,34% respectively. Among men, these prevailations were of 34,55% and 10,81% ; and among the women of 30,66% and 10,10% respectively. Using the X2 test, it has been observed age, birth condition, family history, daily frequency of food, and kind of physical activity are the variables which show differences in the distribution of weight. For a multivariate analysis it has been made a model using multiple regression with the following variables: age, family history of obesity, birth condition, individuals with and without mates, education, income, practice, duration and frequency of physical activity, number of meals, the use of alcoholic drinks, smoking. It has been done three analyses, the first with men and women; the second only with men and the third only with women. The BMI presented a positive association with family history in all the analyses; the same occurred with income among men and women. In relation to the education the BMI decreases in the answer to the increasing of the level of education only with women. An inverse association occurred with smoking among men and women, and among men isolated. The obtained results point to the necessity of the measures aiming for the control and the prevention of obesity by the official health institutions. / A obesidade ? considerada, atualmente, grave problema de sa?de p?blica, constituindo-se em fator de risco para doen?as cr?nicas freq?entes na sociedade moderna, como diabetes melitus, dislipidemias, doen?as cardiovasculares e certos tipos de c?ncer. Objetivando contribuir para o conhecimento da preval?ncia do sobrepeso e da obesidade e seus fatores de risco, na cidade de Feira de Santana, foi avaliada amostra significativa dos funcion?rios da Universidade Estadual (n=435 -73,2%). Atrav?s de question?rio aplicado em entrevista foram identificadas vari?veis biol?gicas (g?nero, idade, paridade, hist?ria familiar de obesidade, presen?a de doen?as relacionadas ? obesidade); socioecon?micas (escolaridade e renda familiar) e sociocomportamentais (estado civil, h?bitos alimentares, pr?tica de atividade f?sica, tabagismo e consumo de bebidas alco?licas). Sobrepeso e obesidade foram definidos atrav?s do ?ndice de Massa Corp?rea (IMC) adotando os crit?rios definidos pela OMS (1997): valores entre 25 e 29,9 kg/m2 para sobrepeso e valores iguais ou maiores de 30 kg/m2 para obesidade. Medida da circunfer?ncia abdominal foi utilizada para avalia??o dos riscos de comorbidades, adotando valores sugeridos pelo Consenso Latino Americano de Obesidade (1998): risco elevado ≥ 94 cm no homem e ≥ 80 cm na mulher e risco muito elevado ≥ 102 cm no homem e ≥ 88 cm na mulher. Na an?lise descritiva foram inclu?dos todos os indiv?duos, e na an?lise explorat?ria, foram exclu?dos os indiv?duos com baixo peso (n=18). Dentre os 435 participantes do estudo, a preval?ncia de sobrepeso e obesidade foi de 31,95% e 10,34%, respectivamente. Entre os homens, estas preval?ncias foram de 34,46% e 10,81% e entre as mulheres de 30,66% e 10,10%, respectivamente. Utilizando o teste de Qui-quadrado, foi observado que idade, paridade, hist?ria familiar, freq??ncia di?ria da alimenta??o e tipo de atividade f?sica s?o as vari?veis que apontaram diferen?as na distribui??o do peso. Para an?lise multivariada, foi constru?do modelo utilizando a regress?o m?ltipla com as seguintes vari?veis: idade, hist?ria familiar de obesidade, paridade, indiv?duos com e sem companheiros, escolaridade, renda, a pr?tica, a dura??o e a freq??ncia da atividade f?sica, n?mero de refei??es, uso e quantidades de bebidas alco?licas, tabagismo. Foram realizadas tr?s an?lises, uma com homens e mulheres, outra apenas com homens e outra apenas com mulheres. O IMC apresentou associa??o positiva com a hist?ria familiar em todas as an?lises; o mesmo ocorreu com a renda entre homens e mulheres. Em rela??o ? escolaridade, o IMC diminui em resposta ? eleva??o do n?vel de escolaridade apenas entre as mulheres. Associa??o inversa ocorreu com o tabagismo entre homens e mulheres e entre os homens, isoladamente. Os resultados obtidos apontam para a necessidade de medidas objetivando o controle e a preven??o da obesidade por parte dos ?rg?os de sa?de.

This diploma thesis is based on a study of seven year old children Childhood Obesity Surveillance Initiative (COSI) processed by Institute of Endocrinology sponsored by WHO Europe and MZ ČR and on a study of adolescents Childhood Obesity Prevalence And Treatment (COPAT) organized by Institute of Endocrinology sponsored by Norway grants and MŠMT ČR. These studies were focused on the prevalence of overweight and obesity among children and adolescents and on factors possibly related to origin of overweight and obesity. Obesity is a severe chronical multifactorial disease that significantly affects health conditions and development of children. Obesity, as a risk factor, is involved in origin of cardiometabolic problems (II. type diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, hypertension, dyslipidemia), cancer, musculosceletal problems and reproductive system disorders (infertility, hypogonadism, polycystic ovary syndrome, disorders of sexual development in children). Preventive programs, focused on childhood obesity, are important part of health care. These programs are based on results of factors involved in the origin of obesity. The aim of this thesis is determine and compare the prevalence of overweight and obesity in seven year old children and adolescents by classification of Czech republic, WHO...

iv Abstract This thesis uncovers the long-term development of overweight and obesity prevalence in the Czech Republic and finds the associations with relevant lifestyle risk factors and determinants of health. Periodically collected interview and examination survey data from 1993 to 2019 are standardised and used to perform a pooled analysis to inspect trends within the cross-sectional units. The binomial logistic regression is used to estimate changes in the odds of being overweight given a set of socio-economic and lifestyle-related predictors, and to inspect time trends in their magnitude and significance. Adjustment to historical data is calculated to account for methodological changes in BMI classification scheme to ensure comparability of survey outcomes. In addition, the response bias in self-reported anthropometric measurements is confirmed and quantified. Finally, the most recent data (2019) for obesity rates are updated accordingly to reflect this finding. The true prevalence of overweight in the Czech adult population is calculated to 75.8% for men and 58.8% for women, which is higher than interview survey results by 7.7 and 9.6 percentage points respectively. These adjusted results may be utilised by users of survey outcomes to build their analyses on validated data, together with other...

Title: Obesity monitoring in middle aged men in Hradec Kralove Targets: The targets of thesis is to determine prevalence of the obesity in men at age 30 - 50 years in Hradec Kralove. The necessary data for this empirical research will be obtained on the basis of the questionnaires distributed among 30 active athletes and 30 pacients of prof. Martinik's diabetology office, who suffer from obesity and undergo treatment in his office. Subsequently, I will perform a deep analysis of all the data obtained from the questionnaries, in order to identify hazard factors for obesity, stress management, physical aktivity, fixed daily routine and life management or the prevalence of the genetic load in the group of surveyed athletes and surveyed obese patients of prof. Martiník's diabetology office. These data will be then compared in order to identifily the main differences between active athletes and obese patients. Methods: The empirical research was conducted at 30 randomly selected active athletes (at age 30 - 50 years), who live in Hradec Kralove and at 30 random patients (also at age 30 - 50 years) of prof. Martiník, who also live in Hradec Kralove and undergo medical treatment on the basis of the questionnaire, which I created myself and filled personally with the patients and athletes in order to...