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The nature of the construction industry and the complexities accompanying the sector of the economy globally, necessitates that role players review their positions continuously in an effort to stay abreast of the most modern best practice value chain developments, not only in terms of relationships formed within the upstream supply chain (client supply chain), but also within the downstream supply chain (main contractor/supplier supply chain). Not only is it a natural phenomenon for role players to shift their focus from best practise value chain development to a more relaxed state during a boom in the global economy, but also to shift their focus back to best practices during a slump in the global economy, in order to protect their margins and competitive position established during economic prosperity. To this extent, this dissertation offers an overview of the core aspects that cause misalignment between the objectives of the role players in the construction industry as well as the critical need for role players to proactively shift their paradigm in an effort to mitigate any potential effects the economy might have on role player relationships as well as on the productivity of the industry and the supply chain. Chapter 1 provides the overview, the problem statement and the primary and secondary objectives of the study, and in particular, achieving alignment of the objectives of the role players in a typical construction project. This is followed by a detailed literature study in chapter 2 that provides information regarding role player relationships and the alignment of objectives in the construction industry. This is supported by an empirical study in chapter 3 that links the practical state of affairs with the literature study. The dissertation then concludes by introducing recommendations and a generic project strategic model that can be implemented in an effort to achieve alignment of the objectives of the role players in a typical construction project. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

The nature of the construction industry and the complexities accompanying the sector of the economy globally, necessitates that role players review their positions continuously in an effort to stay abreast of the most modern best practice value chain developments, not only in terms of relationships formed within the upstream supply chain (client supply chain), but also within the downstream supply chain (main contractor/supplier supply chain). Not only is it a natural phenomenon for role players to shift their focus from best practise value chain development to a more relaxed state during a boom in the global economy, but also to shift their focus back to best practices during a slump in the global economy, in order to protect their margins and competitive position established during economic prosperity. To this extent, this dissertation offers an overview of the core aspects that cause misalignment between the objectives of the role players in the construction industry as well as the critical need for role players to proactively shift their paradigm in an effort to mitigate any potential effects the economy might have on role player relationships as well as on the productivity of the industry and the supply chain. Chapter 1 provides the overview, the problem statement and the primary and secondary objectives of the study, and in particular, achieving alignment of the objectives of the role players in a typical construction project. This is followed by a detailed literature study in chapter 2 that provides information regarding role player relationships and the alignment of objectives in the construction industry. This is supported by an empirical study in chapter 3 that links the practical state of affairs with the literature study. The dissertation then concludes by introducing recommendations and a generic project strategic model that can be implemented in an effort to achieve alignment of the objectives of the role players in a typical construction project. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

Zugl.: Leipzig, University, Diss., 2006.

Fern-Universiẗat, Diss., 2005/2006--Hagen.

The main purpose of this study was to identify basic characteristics of managing higher education by objectives (HEBO). Six interrelated and interdependent research questions , which reflected other purposes of the study, were established. A sixty-two-statement questionnaire, from the review of MBO literature, was developed to use in the study. Statements were categorized into (1) philosophy of the educational enterprise, (2) identification of institutional goals, (3) specification of objectives, (4) definition of role responsibility, (5) the implementation process, (6) evaluation of organization, and HEBO limitations and requirements. Participants were requested to respond to each statement on a three point Likert scale consisting of "Agree," "Disagree," and "Modifications." Conelusions--(1) Experts and authors approved the characteristics of managing higher education by objectives (HEBO) as proposed in the study. (2) In order to be efficient and effective, an HEBO program should contain a mission statement, clear goals and objectives, well-defined role responsibilities, and also evaluation. (3) The HEBO implementation process requires more than a mere decision to institute such a program; it requires strong leadership, orientation programs , and MBO consultants. (4) Any HEBO model should have as its major purpose the securing of higher performance accountability. (5) In the policy- and decision-making process, the overall constituencies of a higher education should get involved in connection with HEBO implementation.

Gerenciar alianças entre organizações é desafiante e instiga pesquisas que já proporcionaram aprendizado razoável sobre alguns aspectos do tema. No entanto, a persistência de altos índices de falhas em alianças continua a instigar investigações, a exemplo desta pesquisa. Para tal, duas suposições foram consideradas. A primeira foi que objetivos não-declarados e ocultos existiriam em uma proporção tal sobre os declarados que seriam capazes de distorcer as medidas de performance das alianças. A segunda suposição foi de que os gestores não estariam observando um conjunto suficientemente abrangente de fatores capazes de embasar sua gestão. O objetivo geral da presente pesquisa foi investigar a existência dos objetivos não-declarados pelas organizações-mãe nas alianças, sua relevância frente aos declarados e seus reflexos nas medidas de performance das alianças. Antes das investigações empíricas, foi organizada uma série de fatores de gestão e foi proposta uma tipologia contendo oito tipos de objetivos relacionados às alianças. Os dados foram coletados em duas etapas, uma de estudos de caso e outra de survey. Em dois casos estudados ficou demonstrada a presença de vários tipos de objetivos, incluindo declarados e ocultos. Também evidenciou-se a fragilidade dos processos de gestão das alianças prevista na segunda suposição inicial da pesquisa, especialmente no que diz respeito ao planejamento e ao controle das suas atividades. Através da survey foi verificado que a performance devida a objetivos não-declarados tinha valor representativo em relação ao valor da performance devida aos objetivos declarados. Para a amostra investigada de 78 alianças formadas por empresas do setor industrial do estado do Rio Grande do Sul confirmou-se a suposição inicial da possibilidade de que os resultados das avaliações de performance seriam distorcidos se não fossem consideradas as parcelas de performance relativa aos objetivos não-declarados (e ocultos). Esses resultados reforçaram a necessidade dos gestores das alianças reverem os métodos de gestão e de medição da performance das alianças, incluindo na sua estimativa as parcelas referentes à realização dos objetivos não-declarados. / Managing alliances between organizations is a challenging task, which has encouraged research that has provided reasonable learning about some aspects of the theme. However, the persistence of high failure rates continues to instigate investigation, like the present research. For this reason, two basic assumptions were taken into account. The first assumption was that non-declared and hidden objectives existed in such a proportion in relation to the declared ones that they could distort the measures of the performance of alliances. The second assumption was that managers would not be observing a sufficiently broad range of factors capable of sustaining their management. The general aim of this research was to investigate the existence of non-declared objectives by parent organizations in the alliances, their relevance to the declared ones and their consequences in measuring the performance of alliances. Before the empirical investigations, a series of management factors was organized and a typology containing eight types of objectives related to the alliance was proposed. Data were collected in two stages, one in case studies and another one in a survey. In two cases studied, the presence of several types of objectives, including declared and hidden ones was demonstrated. The fragile character of the alliances' management processes predicted in the second initial supposition of the study, especially in what regards the planning and controlling of their activities, was also evident. Through the survey it was found that the performance attributed to non-declared objectives had a significant value in relation to the performance value of the declared objectives. For the investigated sample of 78 alliances formed by industrial sector firms of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, the initial assumption was confirmed about the possibility of the results of evaluations of performance being biased if the partial performance related to the non-declared (and hidden) objectives had not been considered. These results emphasized the need for alliance managers to review their management and alliances performance measurement methods, including in their estimate the partial performance related to the achievement of non-declared objectives.

Gerenciar alianças entre organizações é desafiante e instiga pesquisas que já proporcionaram aprendizado razoável sobre alguns aspectos do tema. No entanto, a persistência de altos índices de falhas em alianças continua a instigar investigações, a exemplo desta pesquisa. Para tal, duas suposições foram consideradas. A primeira foi que objetivos não-declarados e ocultos existiriam em uma proporção tal sobre os declarados que seriam capazes de distorcer as medidas de performance das alianças. A segunda suposição foi de que os gestores não estariam observando um conjunto suficientemente abrangente de fatores capazes de embasar sua gestão. O objetivo geral da presente pesquisa foi investigar a existência dos objetivos não-declarados pelas organizações-mãe nas alianças, sua relevância frente aos declarados e seus reflexos nas medidas de performance das alianças. Antes das investigações empíricas, foi organizada uma série de fatores de gestão e foi proposta uma tipologia contendo oito tipos de objetivos relacionados às alianças. Os dados foram coletados em duas etapas, uma de estudos de caso e outra de survey. Em dois casos estudados ficou demonstrada a presença de vários tipos de objetivos, incluindo declarados e ocultos. Também evidenciou-se a fragilidade dos processos de gestão das alianças prevista na segunda suposição inicial da pesquisa, especialmente no que diz respeito ao planejamento e ao controle das suas atividades. Através da survey foi verificado que a performance devida a objetivos não-declarados tinha valor representativo em relação ao valor da performance devida aos objetivos declarados. Para a amostra investigada de 78 alianças formadas por empresas do setor industrial do estado do Rio Grande do Sul confirmou-se a suposição inicial da possibilidade de que os resultados das avaliações de performance seriam distorcidos se não fossem consideradas as parcelas de performance relativa aos objetivos não-declarados (e ocultos). Esses resultados reforçaram a necessidade dos gestores das alianças reverem os métodos de gestão e de medição da performance das alianças, incluindo na sua estimativa as parcelas referentes à realização dos objetivos não-declarados. / Managing alliances between organizations is a challenging task, which has encouraged research that has provided reasonable learning about some aspects of the theme. However, the persistence of high failure rates continues to instigate investigation, like the present research. For this reason, two basic assumptions were taken into account. The first assumption was that non-declared and hidden objectives existed in such a proportion in relation to the declared ones that they could distort the measures of the performance of alliances. The second assumption was that managers would not be observing a sufficiently broad range of factors capable of sustaining their management. The general aim of this research was to investigate the existence of non-declared objectives by parent organizations in the alliances, their relevance to the declared ones and their consequences in measuring the performance of alliances. Before the empirical investigations, a series of management factors was organized and a typology containing eight types of objectives related to the alliance was proposed. Data were collected in two stages, one in case studies and another one in a survey. In two cases studied, the presence of several types of objectives, including declared and hidden ones was demonstrated. The fragile character of the alliances' management processes predicted in the second initial supposition of the study, especially in what regards the planning and controlling of their activities, was also evident. Through the survey it was found that the performance attributed to non-declared objectives had a significant value in relation to the performance value of the declared objectives. For the investigated sample of 78 alliances formed by industrial sector firms of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, the initial assumption was confirmed about the possibility of the results of evaluations of performance being biased if the partial performance related to the non-declared (and hidden) objectives had not been considered. These results emphasized the need for alliance managers to review their management and alliances performance measurement methods, including in their estimate the partial performance related to the achievement of non-declared objectives.

Gerenciar alianças entre organizações é desafiante e instiga pesquisas que já proporcionaram aprendizado razoável sobre alguns aspectos do tema. No entanto, a persistência de altos índices de falhas em alianças continua a instigar investigações, a exemplo desta pesquisa. Para tal, duas suposições foram consideradas. A primeira foi que objetivos não-declarados e ocultos existiriam em uma proporção tal sobre os declarados que seriam capazes de distorcer as medidas de performance das alianças. A segunda suposição foi de que os gestores não estariam observando um conjunto suficientemente abrangente de fatores capazes de embasar sua gestão. O objetivo geral da presente pesquisa foi investigar a existência dos objetivos não-declarados pelas organizações-mãe nas alianças, sua relevância frente aos declarados e seus reflexos nas medidas de performance das alianças. Antes das investigações empíricas, foi organizada uma série de fatores de gestão e foi proposta uma tipologia contendo oito tipos de objetivos relacionados às alianças. Os dados foram coletados em duas etapas, uma de estudos de caso e outra de survey. Em dois casos estudados ficou demonstrada a presença de vários tipos de objetivos, incluindo declarados e ocultos. Também evidenciou-se a fragilidade dos processos de gestão das alianças prevista na segunda suposição inicial da pesquisa, especialmente no que diz respeito ao planejamento e ao controle das suas atividades. Através da survey foi verificado que a performance devida a objetivos não-declarados tinha valor representativo em relação ao valor da performance devida aos objetivos declarados. Para a amostra investigada de 78 alianças formadas por empresas do setor industrial do estado do Rio Grande do Sul confirmou-se a suposição inicial da possibilidade de que os resultados das avaliações de performance seriam distorcidos se não fossem consideradas as parcelas de performance relativa aos objetivos não-declarados (e ocultos). Esses resultados reforçaram a necessidade dos gestores das alianças reverem os métodos de gestão e de medição da performance das alianças, incluindo na sua estimativa as parcelas referentes à realização dos objetivos não-declarados. / Managing alliances between organizations is a challenging task, which has encouraged research that has provided reasonable learning about some aspects of the theme. However, the persistence of high failure rates continues to instigate investigation, like the present research. For this reason, two basic assumptions were taken into account. The first assumption was that non-declared and hidden objectives existed in such a proportion in relation to the declared ones that they could distort the measures of the performance of alliances. The second assumption was that managers would not be observing a sufficiently broad range of factors capable of sustaining their management. The general aim of this research was to investigate the existence of non-declared objectives by parent organizations in the alliances, their relevance to the declared ones and their consequences in measuring the performance of alliances. Before the empirical investigations, a series of management factors was organized and a typology containing eight types of objectives related to the alliance was proposed. Data were collected in two stages, one in case studies and another one in a survey. In two cases studied, the presence of several types of objectives, including declared and hidden ones was demonstrated. The fragile character of the alliances' management processes predicted in the second initial supposition of the study, especially in what regards the planning and controlling of their activities, was also evident. Through the survey it was found that the performance attributed to non-declared objectives had a significant value in relation to the performance value of the declared objectives. For the investigated sample of 78 alliances formed by industrial sector firms of the state of Rio Grande do Sul, the initial assumption was confirmed about the possibility of the results of evaluations of performance being biased if the partial performance related to the non-declared (and hidden) objectives had not been considered. These results emphasized the need for alliance managers to review their management and alliances performance measurement methods, including in their estimate the partial performance related to the achievement of non-declared objectives.

The State of Texas requires the completion of all six semester hours of government for graduation from a public college, but does not provide detailed guidelines regarding content, and related objectives, for these courses. Thus instructors have considerable discretion in the setting of course objectives. The problem of this dissertation, therefore, is the determination of course objectives actually set and the general orientation within political education that the objectives may reflect.