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The Ottawa Hospital cancels hundreds of elective surgeries every year due to a lack of beds, and has an average weekday occupancy rate above 100%. Our approach to addressing these issues, by way of informing administrators of resource needs, was to model the flow of patients coming and going from the hospital. We used administrative data from the Ottawa Hospital to build a time-series model of emergency department admissions, and studied models that would predict next-day discharge of patients currently taking up hospital beds. In the latter, we considered population-averaged models for groups of patients based on their primary medical condition, as well as subject-specific models. We included the random effects from subject-specific variation to improve on predictive accuracy over the population- averaged approach. The result was a model that provided more realistic probabilities of discharge, and stable predictive accuracy over patient length of stay.

The Ottawa Hospital cancels hundreds of elective surgeries every year due to a lack of beds, and has an average weekday occupancy rate above 100%. Our approach to addressing these issues, by way of informing administrators of resource needs, was to model the flow of patients coming and going from the hospital. We used administrative data from the Ottawa Hospital to build a time-series model of emergency department admissions, and studied models that would predict next-day discharge of patients currently taking up hospital beds. In the latter, we considered population-averaged models for groups of patients based on their primary medical condition, as well as subject-specific models. We included the random effects from subject-specific variation to improve on predictive accuracy over the population- averaged approach. The result was a model that provided more realistic probabilities of discharge, and stable predictive accuracy over patient length of stay.

The Ottawa Hospital cancels hundreds of elective surgeries every year due to a lack of beds, and has an average weekday occupancy rate above 100%. Our approach to addressing these issues, by way of informing administrators of resource needs, was to model the flow of patients coming and going from the hospital. We used administrative data from the Ottawa Hospital to build a time-series model of emergency department admissions, and studied models that would predict next-day discharge of patients currently taking up hospital beds. In the latter, we considered population-averaged models for groups of patients based on their primary medical condition, as well as subject-specific models. We included the random effects from subject-specific variation to improve on predictive accuracy over the population- averaged approach. The result was a model that provided more realistic probabilities of discharge, and stable predictive accuracy over patient length of stay.

The Ottawa Hospital cancels hundreds of elective surgeries every year due to a lack of beds, and has an average weekday occupancy rate above 100%. Our approach to addressing these issues, by way of informing administrators of resource needs, was to model the flow of patients coming and going from the hospital. We used administrative data from the Ottawa Hospital to build a time-series model of emergency department admissions, and studied models that would predict next-day discharge of patients currently taking up hospital beds. In the latter, we considered population-averaged models for groups of patients based on their primary medical condition, as well as subject-specific models. We included the random effects from subject-specific variation to improve on predictive accuracy over the population- averaged approach. The result was a model that provided more realistic probabilities of discharge, and stable predictive accuracy over patient length of stay.

La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar el impacto que generó el ingreso de Airbnb al mercado limeño en el sector hotelero a través de las 3 métricas más importantes para la evaluación económica de dicho sector como son los ratios de Tarifa Promedio Diaria (ADR), Tasa de Ocupación (OCC), Rentabilidad por Habitación Disponible (RevPAR). Esta investigación mixta se realizó con fines informativos y con miras a brindar un sustento válido a la industria hotelera para que pueda revisar el comportamiento de Airbnb y viceversa. Para la realización de la investigación, el primer paso fue la búsqueda, clasificación y análisis de las principales teorías de diferentes autores y temas relacionadas con nuestro tema. Seguidamente se realizó un análisis cuantitativo con la recopilación de data de la industria hotelera, de la oferta de Airbnb y de las variables de control para potenciar el modelo. Se determinó que la mejor manera de comprobar nuestra hipótesis de si el mercado hotelero fue afectado por el ingreso de Airbnb en Lima, es realizando una lectura conjunta del resultado de como la oferta de Airbnb afecta individualmente a cada uno de los ratios antes mencionados. De esta manera, complementamos la lectura del análisis cuantitativo con entrevistas realizadas a dos personas encargadas de tomar decisiones en el sector hotelero. La conclusión del análisis mixto concluyó que la hipótesis general se rechaza, es decir, que Airbnb no tiene un efecto negativo significante en el mercado hotelero. / The objective of this research was to analyze the impact generated by the Airbnb’s entry into the Lima market in the hotel sector through the 3 most important metrics for the economic evaluation in the sector, such as the Average Daily Rate (ADR), Rate Occupancy (OCC), Profitability per Available Room (RevPAR). This mixed research was made for informational purposes and for providing valid support to the hotel industry so that it can review Airbnb's behavior and reverse. To carry out the research, the first step was the search, classification and analysis of the main theories of different authors and topics related to our topic. Then, we made the quantitative analysis with the researched data from the hotel industry, Airbnb's offer and control variables to enhance the model. It was determined that the best way to check our hypothesis of whether the hotel market was affected by the entry of Airbnb in Lima, making a joint reading of the result of how the Airbnb offer individually affects each of the aforementioned ratios. In this way, it complements the reading of the quantitative analysis with interviews with two decision-makers in the hotel sector. The conclusion of the mixed analysis concluded that the general hypothesis is rejected, that is, that Airbnb does not have a significant negative effect on the hotel market. / Tesis

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:31:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thiago Tortorelli Faria.pdf: 1966946 bytes, checksum: 3abdd0be8f7b49f61b8e3b7907afa6e6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-23 / This work aims to obtain a mathematical model to determinate the occupancy rate in indoor environment based on signal strength of a wireless sensor network (WSN) in 915 MHz using four links at the environment. It was set a network with one sink and four node sensors in a laboratory in order to collect the RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indication) of each individual link for every different space occupation for each group of people. Based on the data collected, it was calculated the mean, standard deviation and the variance of each individual link and the overall average of links for each group of people. The data was used as input in mathematical models to determine the occupancy rate of the environment. Three mathematical models have been proposed to estimate the occupancy rate. All of them proved capable to estimate the number of people using the overall average of links. The results showed that the tendency is to decrease the RSSI and increase the standard deviation the greater the number of people in the environment. Some links analyzed individually showed a large variation and not following entirely the tendency mentioned. Nevertheless the overall average of links follows this tendency showing that despite a link shows a great variation, the other links tended to compensate this variation and with the overall average of links is possible to get a small error between the real number of people and the estimated number of people. To choose the best model it was used the MAE (Mean Absolute Error). The second order model was the best model with a MAE slightly below of a half people. The results obtained using multilink were compared with a work that used single-link to predict the number of people in a indoor environment. Multilink had a smaller error compared with single-link, which obtained an error of about two people. / Este trabalho tem por objetivo a obten??o de um modelo matem?tico para a determina??o da taxa de ocupa??o de ambientes internos baseado na intensidade de sinal de uma Rede de Sensores sem Fio em 915 MHz utilizando quatro links r?dio no ambiente. Foi montada uma rede com uma base e quatro n?s sensores em um laborat?rio como intuito de coletar a RSSI (Received Signal Strenght Indication) de cada link para cada diferente ocupa??o do espa?o para cada grupo de pessoas. Com base nos dados coletados, foram calculados a m?dia, desvio padr?o e vari?ncia de cada link e cada grupo de pessoas. Esses dados foram utilizados como entrada em modelos matem?ticos para a determina??o da taxa de ocupa??o do ambiente. Foram propostos tr?s modelos matem?ticos para tal estima??o. Os tr?s modelos se mostraram aptos a estimar o n?mero de pessoas utilizando a m?dia geral dos links. Os resultados iniciais mostraram que a tend?ncia ? de diminui??o da RSSI e o aumento do desvio padr?o quanto maior o n?mero de pessoas no ambiente. Alguns links analisados de forma individual se mostraram com uma varia??o grande e n?o seguindo inteiramente a tend?ncia mencionada, mas apesar disso a m?dia geral dos links segue essa tend?ncia, ou seja, apesar de um link demonstrar uma grande varia??o, os outros links tenderam a compensar essa varia??o. Com a m?dia geral ? poss?vel chegar a um erro pequeno entre o n?mero real de pessoas e o n?mero estimado de pessoas. Para a escolha do melhor modelo foi utilizado o RAM (Res?duo Absoluto M?dio) e para a m?dia geral dos links o modelo de segunda ordem foi o que se mostrou melhor com um res?duo abaixo de meia pessoa. Por fim os resultados obtidos com multilink foram comparados com resultados obtidos em um trabalho em que foi utilizado single-link para a obten??o da taxa de ocupa??o em um ambiente interno. Multilink, com um RAM de aproximadamente 0,5 pessoas, se mostrou com um erro menor comparado com o single-link, que obteve um erro de aproximadamente duas pessoas.

El presente plan de negocios tiene por objetivo establecer la viabilidad técnica y financiera para desarrollar un proyecto hotelero de categoría tres estrellas en la amazonia de Iquitos. La investigación iniciada con un diagnóstico de la situación del mercado externo general, a través del análisis PESTE; identificó un macroentorno favorable para el desarrollo del presente proyecto; por otro lado; mediante un análisis del entorno competitivo (análisis de las cinco fuerzas de Porter) se logró identificar la intensidad de la competencia local y sus eslabonamientos estrechos existentes con los principales proveedores u operadores turístico-locales. Por tanto; ello ha permitido visualizar un panorama competitivo favorable para incursionar en el sector hotelero de la ciudad de Iquitos con una propuesta de valor ecológica diferenciada. Los resultados obtenidos mediante una investigación de mercado (encuestas de campo) ha conducido a determinar que la principal preferencia de consumo en los servicios hoteleros en la ciudad de Iquitos se basa en hospedajes de categoría tres estrellas; cuyo principal demandante son los trabajadores profesionales tanto dependientes como independientes. Así mismo; mediante un estudio de mercado (investigación del tipo cuantitativa); efectuado al mercado hotelero de Iquitos; se ha logrado identificar y cuantificar la demanda pernoctaciones insatisfecha en la categoría tres estrellas en la ciudad de Iquitos; corroborando las oportunidades de negocio en este sector. El estudio económico-financiero efectuado a la presente propuesta ecológica de negocio concluyó la viabilidad técnica y financiera del proyecto. Los resultados de este estudio determinaron que los flujos; tanto económico como financiero descontados al costo ponderado de capital y a la tasa mínima requerida por el accionista respectivamente; son positivos. Lo que implica que los beneficios futuros privados derivados de las operaciones comerciales del hotel ecológico son superiores a los costos o egresos incurridos. Por lo que resulta rentable para el inversionista desarrollar este tipo de iniciativa privada. En ese contexto, la originalidad del presente proyecto radica en la construcción de un hotel ecológico flotante; cuya oferta de servicios plantea una propuesta de valor que armoniza el diseño físico y las operaciones comerciales del hotel con la biodiversidad natural y cultural de la amazonia de Iquitos. Por ello la ubicación del hotel situada a 16 Km al Noreste de la ciudad de Iquitos; entre las intersecciones del rio Nanay y el lago Mapacocha; contribuye a desarrollar una propuesta ecológica de negocio no solo basándose en servicios únicos de hospedaje sino en la prestación de múltiples servicios complementarios de entretenimiento. / The purpose of this business plan is to establish the technical and financial viability to develop a three-star hotel project in the Amazonia of Iquitos. The research started with a diagnosis of the situation of the general external market, through the PESTE analysis, identified a favourable macro environment for the development of the present project, on the other hand, by means of an analysis of the competitive environment (analysis of the five forces of Porter ) it was possible to identify the intensity of local competition and its existing close links with the main providers or touristic-local operators. Therefore, this has allowed us to visualize a favourable competitive landscape to enter the hotel sector of the city of Iquitos with a proposal of differentiated ecological value. The results obtained through market research (field surveys) has led to determine that the main preference of consumption in hotel services in the city of Iquitos is based on three-star category accommodations, whose main claimant is professional workers, both dependent and independent. Likewise, through a market study (research of quantitative type), carried out in the hotel market of Iquitos, it has been possible to identify and quantify the demand for unsatisfied overnight stays in the category three stars in the city of Iquitos, corroborating the business opportunities in this sector. The economic-financial study carried out on the present ecological business proposal concluded the technical and financial feasibility of the project. The results of this study determined that the flows, both economic and financial discounted at the weighted cost of capital and at the minimum rate required by the shareholder respectively, are positive. This implies that the private future benefits derived from the commercial operations of the ecological hotel are higher than the costs or expenses incurred. So, it is profitable for the investor to develop this type of private initiative. In this context, the originality of this project lies in the construction of a floating eco-friendly hotel; whose offer of services proposes a value proposition that harmonizes the physical design and its commercial operations of the hotel with the natural and cultural biodiversity of the Amazon of Iquitos. Therefore the location of the hotel located 16 Km northeast of the city of Iquitos; between the intersections of the Nanay River and Lake Mapacocha; it helps to develop an ecological business proposal not only based on unique hosting services but on the provision of multiple complementary entertainment services. / Trabajo de investigación

The study aimed to investigate the implementation of customer care at the Casualty Department of Edenvale Regional Hospital in Gauteng Province. The research was conducted using a qualitative case study approach, which sought to gain deeper understanding of the impact of customer care in the hospital’s Casualty Department from the employees’ point of view. Data was collected from 16 purposively selected respondents using semi-structured interviews and document analyses were interpreted by the researcher to give voice and meaning to the assessment topic. Data was analysed using the Content Analysis framework and six themes emerged from the data analysis: (1) High expectation levels from the community; (2) Quality of patient care; (3) Lack of resources; (4) Malfunctioning equipment; (5) Compromised safety and security; (5) Strategies to improve customer care; and (6) The effect of policies and guidelines on the quality of services rendered. The study revealed that the surrounding community that is served by the Edenvale Hospital’s Casualty Department had high expectations which the hospital was unable to meet because of the many limitations, especially resource constraints. The issues and difficulties associated with overcrowding in the emergency section were raised by respondents, who reported several challenges experienced in the hospital. These included patients sleeping on floor mattresses and even on stretchers, inadequate beds, shortage of staff, malfunctioning equipment and lack of sufficient infrastructure. These challenges resulted in long waiting periods for patients to be given open beds in the wards, bad attitudes from both patients and employees alike, poor communication among staff and patients and their families, and an unsafe environment for the staff and customers (patients). There is hence a need for the Gauteng Health Department together with the hospital management to review resources allocated to the Edenvale Regional Hospital and to increase awareness among the community about the operations of the level 2 hospitals such as this. / Public Administration / M. P. A.

This thesis deals with the impact of innovations integrated from the new company position of Quality Control Manager on key hotel indicators - guest evaluations, occupancy rate and average price. First part of the thesis is dedicated to the introduction to the quality in tourism, its measurement and management systems. Next part deals with AVE Hotels hotel chain and its quality management system. Following chapter is dedicated to Aida Hotel and innovations suggested from the new position of Quality Control Manager. The key part of the thesis compares Hotel Aida with the Oficial Classification of Accommodation Facilities before and after innovations integrated by Quality Control Manager and deals with impact of aplied changes on guest reviews, occupancy rate and average price. Final part of the theses contains conclusion, recommendations of the author and comments. The aim of the thesis is to analyze and consider the depth of the contribution of changes of Quality Control Manager on mentioned indicators. For this purpose, the thesis analyses and compares data about guest reviews, occupancy rate and average price before and after integration of the innovations of Quality Control Manager. The thesis can be used to consider the return of investment in quality improvement and in introduction of quality management and control system.