Thesis. / Title from cover. "Inaugural-Dissertation zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Hohen Philosophischen Fakultät der Universität Leipzig." Includes bibliographical references (p. [195]-197).

Geckos of the genus Hemidactylus Oken, 1817 are one of the most widely distributed and species-rich groups of gekkonids. With approximately 90 species, the genus Hemidactylus accounts for 10% of the total number of species in the family Gekkonidae (Carranza and Arnold, 2006). They are found in a range of ecological conditions from wet tropical forest to arid deserts. Their wide distribution is believed to have been facilitated not only naturally, but also through human mediated transport. Indian subcontinent houses 31 species of these geckos, 23 of which are endemic to the subcontinent. The aim of this study was to understand the phylogeny and biogeography of Hemidactylus geckos of the Indian subcontinent. In order to arrive at the conclusions regarding the biogeographic history of this widely distributed taxon on the Indian subcontinent, an integrative approach was followed. First the phylogenetic reconstruction of Indian species was undertaken. The ancestral areas of distribution were reconstructed on the phylogeny and the divergence dates of the species were also estimated. Finally, the biogeographic events were inferred in accordance with the geological events with respect to the divergent times for these radiations. Results indicated that Hemidactylus geckos of the Indian subcontinent belong to three geographical clades: Southeast Asian clade, West-Asian arid clade and a ‘unique Indian radiation’ which consisted majority of the species distributed in India that are largely confined to the Indian subcontinent. Additionally, the three widely distributed, commensal species (H. brookii, H. frenatus and H. flaviviridis) were nested within the Indian radiation suggesting their Indian origin. It was also seen that the endemic Hemidactylus geckos of Sri Lanka have been derived from India through multiple independent dispersal events spread across the Oligocene-Miocene. These dispersals were both geo dispersal as well as transmarine dispersal events. However, the species distributed both in India and Sri Lanka appear to have undergone recent dispersals into Sri Lanka and probably back into India, primarily through human agency. Thus, it was inferred that the Indian subcontinent has served as an important arena for diversification among the Hemidactylus geckos and their spread. In addition, it was discovered that H. anamallensis, a species endemic to Southern Western Ghats of peninsular India was probably genetically distinct from Hemidactylus, indicating that it could not be Hemidactylus at all. Thus, the phylogenetic position of H. anamallensis within the subfamily Gekkoninae was also investigated and its genetic distinctiveness from that of Hemidactylus was also tested. Results showed that H. anamallensis lineage was indeed distinct from Hemidactylus group, as well as from other closely related genera (Cyrtodactylus and Geckoella) in both nuclear and mitochondrial markers. Divergence estimates supported a scenario wherein H. anamallensis dispersed across marine barrier to the drifting peninsular Indian plate in the late Cretaceous, whereas Hemidactylus arrived on the peninsular India after the Indian plate collided with the Eurasian plate. Based on these molecular evidence and biogeographical scenario it was proposed that genus Dravidogecko should be resurrected.

LAKE SURFACE TEMPERATURE DETERMINED BY SATELLITE IMAGES Abstract The aim of this master thesis is to create a method to determine surface temperature of water in lake Osoyoos (LSWT - Lake Surface Water Temperature). It is necessary to know this temperature in order to make easier decisions in a paradigm of global warming processes. Thanks to LSWT it is possible to make a timeline visualisation of temperature development in years. The first chapter deals with a physical definition of how to get thermal information - the basis of remote thermal sensing is measuring of radiance intensity and it's transformation to brightness temperature. This radiation is not only influenced by atmospheric properties but also by local climatic and meteorological conditions, but it is also influenced by the relief. The thesis seeks to create a method for calculating surface temperature of lake Osoyoos located at Canadian-American border. This calculation is based on data provided by ASTER using a split-window method. The method works with the differences in bands of sensing in order to remove atmospheric influences. This thesis contains several charts, graphs and pictures. The final result of this paper is a map of distribution of lake surface water temperatures. Keywords: Thermal remote sensing, land surface temperature, ASTER, TIR

A presente tese se desenvolve por meio da constituição do conceito de protoforma orgânica com o qual objetivamos tratar de relações problemáticas entre as noções gerais de vida e individualidade, particularmente no que se refere ao problema de suas origens, compreendida aqui como o momento privilegiado da gênese organo-vital no qual a tensão entre vida e individualidade se expressa de modo mais evidente. Vida, individualidade e origens se constituem em noções gerais e em grandes temas da investigação e da reflexão filosófica e científica de todos os tempos. O conceito de protoforma orgânica emerge da observação de diversos elementos em um solo histórico-conceitual de investigações científicas e em filosofia natural, que se constitui num conjunto de expressões históricas particulares que investigamos em nossa tese, a saber, os conceitos de monera, de Urschleim e de Urpflanze. Estruturamos o conceito de protoforma orgânica a partir de duas noções-eixo que nortearam o seu sentido. A primeira delas é a noção de uma polaridade entre uma condição pré-individual e uma condição individual como constituinte da forma orgânica. A segunda é a noção de memória orgânica como uma propriedade anímico-psíquica das formas orgânicas universalmente presente, desde os seus níveis mais elementares. Trata-se, assim, de compreender como se dá a relação problemática entre vida e individualidade e como a questão das suas origens pode contribuir para tal compreensão. Assim, o conceito de protoforma orgânica foi estruturado dentro de uma visão morfológica na qual as noções de forma e de orgânico se entrelaçam com as noções de vida e de individualidade. / The present thesis proposes the constitution of the concept of organic protoform with which we aim to deal with problematic relations between the general notions of life and individuality. Particularly with regard to the problem of its origins, understood here as the privileged moment of the genesis of organo-vital beings, at which moment the tension between life and individuality is expressed more clearly. Life, individuality and origins are general notions and themes of research and philosophical and scientific reflection of all time. The concept of organic protoform emerges from the observation of several elements directed to a historical-conceptual soil of scientific investigations and natural philosophy. This basis is constituted by our investigation into a set of particular historical expressions which we investigate in our thesis, namely the concepts of monera, Urschleim and Urpflanze. We structured the concept of organic protoform from two notions-axis that guided its meaning. The first is the notion of a polarity between a preindividual condition and an individual condition as a constituent of the organic form. The second is the notion of organic memory as a psychic property of organic forms universally present, from its most elementary levels. It is therefore a question of understanding how the problematic relationship between life and individuality takes place and how the question of its origins can contribute to this understanding. Thus, the concept of organic protoform was structured within a morphological vision in which the notions of form and of organic intertwine with the notions of life and of individuality.

A presente tese se desenvolve por meio da constituição do conceito de protoforma orgânica com o qual objetivamos tratar de relações problemáticas entre as noções gerais de vida e individualidade, particularmente no que se refere ao problema de suas origens, compreendida aqui como o momento privilegiado da gênese organo-vital no qual a tensão entre vida e individualidade se expressa de modo mais evidente. Vida, individualidade e origens se constituem em noções gerais e em grandes temas da investigação e da reflexão filosófica e científica de todos os tempos. O conceito de protoforma orgânica emerge da observação de diversos elementos em um solo histórico-conceitual de investigações científicas e em filosofia natural, que se constitui num conjunto de expressões históricas particulares que investigamos em nossa tese, a saber, os conceitos de monera, de Urschleim e de Urpflanze. Estruturamos o conceito de protoforma orgânica a partir de duas noções-eixo que nortearam o seu sentido. A primeira delas é a noção de uma polaridade entre uma condição pré-individual e uma condição individual como constituinte da forma orgânica. A segunda é a noção de memória orgânica como uma propriedade anímico-psíquica das formas orgânicas universalmente presente, desde os seus níveis mais elementares. Trata-se, assim, de compreender como se dá a relação problemática entre vida e individualidade e como a questão das suas origens pode contribuir para tal compreensão. Assim, o conceito de protoforma orgânica foi estruturado dentro de uma visão morfológica na qual as noções de forma e de orgânico se entrelaçam com as noções de vida e de individualidade. / The present thesis proposes the constitution of the concept of organic protoform with which we aim to deal with problematic relations between the general notions of life and individuality. Particularly with regard to the problem of its origins, understood here as the privileged moment of the genesis of organo-vital beings, at which moment the tension between life and individuality is expressed more clearly. Life, individuality and origins are general notions and themes of research and philosophical and scientific reflection of all time. The concept of organic protoform emerges from the observation of several elements directed to a historical-conceptual soil of scientific investigations and natural philosophy. This basis is constituted by our investigation into a set of particular historical expressions which we investigate in our thesis, namely the concepts of monera, Urschleim and Urpflanze. We structured the concept of organic protoform from two notions-axis that guided its meaning. The first is the notion of a polarity between a preindividual condition and an individual condition as a constituent of the organic form. The second is the notion of organic memory as a psychic property of organic forms universally present, from its most elementary levels. It is therefore a question of understanding how the problematic relationship between life and individuality takes place and how the question of its origins can contribute to this understanding. Thus, the concept of organic protoform was structured within a morphological vision in which the notions of form and of organic intertwine with the notions of life and of individuality.

This thesis deals with the issue of the creation of a programme that would simulate the distortion that appears during the process of lossy audio coding. As the environment for the creation, the MATLAB programming language has been chosen. An encoder, which changes the subjective signal quality according to customer preferences for the bitrate, has been created as a practical part of this thesis. Its function is based on a dynamic bit allocation technique and includes an optional window switching algorithm. The theoretical background for the creation of the programme consists of an explanation of the main principles of lossy coding with emphasis on MPEG1 layer 3 operating principles. The practical chapter describes how the created programme and its parts work, and it includes results of the run quality testing. The testing was conducted using the objective assessment method PEMO-Q, and consisted of comparing the objective quality of the programme’s outputs to the quality of samples on which a regular MP3 encoder with identical settings was used.

This thesis falls into a field of user interface design. It focuses on tangible user interfaces which utilize a camera and projector to augment physical objects with a digital information. It also includes description of calibration of those devices. The primary object of this thesis is the implementation of an augmented user interface for application windows management. The system consists of a stationary camera, overhead projector and movable tangible objects - boards. The boards are equipped with fiducial markers, in order to be tracked in a camera image. The projector displays the conventional desktop onto the table and the tangible objects. For example, application windows can be projected onto some boards, while the windows move and rotate simultaneously with the boards.

Massmedia kan påverka människor hur vi ser på världen och dess befolkning och det kan därmed skapa stereotyper. Idag, äldre människor är friskare och lever längre än de gjorde på tjugo år sedan, och det kan leda tillatt de lever ett mer aktivt liv. Biblioteken behöver idag ändra sin syn på den äldre användaren i för att kunna erbjuda rätt service. Syftet med denna undersökning är att genom en bildanalys studera hur folkbiblioteken i Sverige marknadsför bibliotekstjänsten Boken kommer visuellt, som är en uppsökande verksamhet där bibliotekets personal levererar litteratur och andra medier till användarna i deras eget hem, och hur de äldre användarna framställs på bilderna på Instagram. Vilka relationer uttrycks i samband medmarknadsföringen av bibliotekstjänsten och på vilket sätt är den äldre användaren gestaltad? Med hjälp av relationsmarknadsföring, olika relationer identifierades som gestaltades i de visuella bilderna och med stöd av begreppet ålderism kan stereotyper identifieras i materialet. Resultaten visade att det är litteratur och den personliga kontakten med bibliotekarierna som sticker ut och att friska äldre är en frekvent stereotyp vilket förmedlas genom marknadsföring. / Mass media can affect people how we view the world and its population and it can thus create stereotypes. Today, older people are healthier and live longer than they did twenty years ago, and this can lead to them living a more active life. Libraries today need to change their view of the older user in order to be able to offer the right service. The purpose of this survey is to, through an image analysis, study how public libraries in Sweden visually market the library service Boken kommer, which is a special shut-in service where the library staff delivers literature and other media to the users in their own home, and how the older users are portrayed in the images on Instagram. What relationships are expressed in connection with the marketing of the library service and in what way is the older user embodied?  With the help of relationship marketing, different relationships were identified that were embodied in the visual images and with the support of the concept ageism, stereotypes could be identified in the material. The results showed that it is literature and the personal contact with the librarians that stand out and that the healthy elderly is a frequent stereotype that is conveyed though marketing.

This thesis engages in subject matter application of fuzzy logic for rating of suppliers of the firm. This thesis analyses and evaluates competing firms offering to windows exchange and roofing exchange. This thesis can help municipal office in Vážany by decision making, which firm choose.

The thesis aims to project documentation stage for the execution of the project. It is an object of school for first and second grade. Documentation is prepared on the basis provided architectural studies. The building is situated on the flat, gently sloping land. The work consists of drawing and text documentation, evaluation of thermal, structural and acoustic and lighting requirements for construction, fire safety design of the building. The work includes specialized project on HVAC - heating namely, draft power and boiler room layout and design of concrete structures specialized namely design and dimensioning of cross continuous reinforced slab.