Submitted by Salvio Rocha (salviorocha@gmail.com) on 2013-09-27T17:07:32Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Salvio-MFEE-FinalCompleto.pdf: 1969810 bytes, checksum: 8246730df4d70a0a3e57ce52fbe79b5e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Vitor Souza (vitor.souza@fgv.br) on 2013-10-02T14:32:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Salvio-MFEE-FinalCompleto.pdf: 1969810 bytes, checksum: 8246730df4d70a0a3e57ce52fbe79b5e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2013-10-03T17:02:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Salvio-MFEE-FinalCompleto.pdf: 1969810 bytes, checksum: 8246730df4d70a0a3e57ce52fbe79b5e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-05-24 / Productivity is often calculated by the approach of the Cobb-Douglas production function. This estimate, however, may suffer from s imultaneity and inputs bias selection. The method of Olley and Pakes (1996) int roduced a semi-parametric method allows us to estimate the parameters of the production function consistently and thus obtain reliable measures of p roductivity, controlling such bias problems. This study applies this method in a company the sugarcane sector and uses the command opreg at Stata to esti mate the production function of a company and concluded with the econom ic intuition behind the result. / Produtividade é frequentemente calculada pela aproximação da função de produção Cobb-Douglas. Tal estimativa, no entanto, pode sofrer de simultaneidade e viés de seleção dos insumos. Olley e Pakes (1996) introduziu um método semi-paramétrico que nos permite estimar os parâmetros da função de produção de forma consistente e, assim, obter medidas de produtividade confiável, controlando tais problemas de viés. Este estudo aplica este método em uma empresa do setor sucroalcooleiro e utiliza o comando opreg do Stata com a finalidade de estimar a função produção, descrevendo a intuição econômica por trás dos resultados.

研究目的-中國從1989年就開始實行火炬計畫並投資了大量的資金在高新技術產業，在過去的三十年間，中國的經濟發展也快速地成長，本研究旨在透過中國高新技術產業的統計資料來估計其創新對企業生產績效之影響。 研究方法-本研究使用來自中國國家統計局的全國企業專利資料與全國企業績效資料並結合兩者為一資料庫，運用Olley and Pakes 生產力模型來估計生產力，最後利用追蹤資料的迴歸模型來進行創新對企業生產績效的實證研究。 發現-本研究把企業不分類別的專利總數當成依變數與企業績效如產出、生產力、出口等自變數進行追蹤資料的迴歸分析後，其呈現正向且顯著的關係。進一步把專利總數分成發明專利數、實用新型專利數與設計專利數三類依變數並與企業績效如產出、生產力、出口等自變數進行追蹤資料的迴歸分析後，其均呈現正向且顯著的關係。此外，本研究亦發現企業進出市場行為會反向的影響專利數與企業績效之間的關係。 價值-過去有關於創新與企業績效的研究通常都是以整體製造業的規模來進行分析並提供一個總體的估計，因此本研究針對中國製造業中的高新技術產業進行分析以提供對於中國的火炬計畫成效更詳盡的評估，並對未來有關高新技術產業的研究提供初步的研究方向。 / Purpose – China has started a Torch program and invested huge amount of money in high-tech industries since 1989. During last three decades, China’s economy also rapidly grows. According to above conditions, this study aims to create a reliable estimation for confirming the relationship between innovation and firm performance from the evidence of China’s high-tech industries. Design/Methodology/Approach – By building a sample composed of the patent stock and firm-level performance data from China’s National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), we apply Olley and Pakes method to estimate the productivity and use the regression model for panel data to do the empirical study. Findings – Both the total patent stock and the patent stock of three different categories maintain a positive and significant relationship toward firm performance such as output, productivity and exports. On the other hand, the finding also implies a negative effect of firm dynamics on the relationship between patent stock and firm performance. Value – The researches related to innovation and firm performance in the past are usually conducted with the sample of whole manufacturing industries’ data and report an overall estimation. However, this study focuses on high-tech industries to provide a more detailed evaluation for China’s innovative efforts of Torch program and carves out a direction for future research on high-tech industries.

No description available.

本文旨在評估所有本國銀行自 1999 年至 2011 年的績效，以檢驗我國兩次金融改革的成效。研究方法主要採用 Olley and Pakes (1996) 的三階段模型，再者運用差異中之差異法 (Difference in Difference，DID)。有別於相對於過去文獻中使用非計量的方式，或是以計量方式評估但卻未考慮到銀行進出的情況，本文考量因新設或是合併而解散所造成的銀行家數變化影響，並試圖歸納金融改革對於整體本國銀行之成效，以及對於同一本國銀行的生產力提升是否有所助益。

This study examines the effects of market concentration on firm-level productivity using data on Chinese above-scale industrial firms from 2001 to 2007. Productivity is identified as total factor productivity (TFP) and estimated using the Olley-Pakes three-step estimation in order to avoid simultaneity and selection biases. Using data on around 590,000 industrial firms, empirical results indicate that the less concentrated the market, the higher the productivity generally. However, a few industries are identified to have opposite direction; that is, the more concentrated, the more productive are the firms. In some industries, there is no significant relationship between market concentration and firm productivity.

為了解在中國政府正式開始扶植中國半導體產業之後該產業生產率的動態變化，本研究以2001年至2007年之間中國半導體產業的企業層面資料為樣本範圍，並使用Olley和Pakes(1996)的三階段估計法對個別廠商生產率進行估計，同時有效解決傳統使用OLS方法估計生產率會產生的聯立性和樣本選擇問題。接著，再利用Melitz和Pakes(2015)年針對Olley和Pakes(1996)的模型加入廠商進退出市場決策之生產率動態分解模型，對兩兩年度的生產率變動進行拆解。有別於過去文獻主要以中國半導體產業的經營策略為主軸，敘述產業發展，或是使用其他計量方法推估廠商生產率而忽略廠商進出市場行為，本研究將受中國政府提供優惠政策而進入中國市場投資半導體產業和因經營方向不合時宜而遭市場淘汰退出的廠商行為納入考量，並試圖歸納2000年以來中國政府對半導體產業態度的轉變對於廠商生產率帶來的影響。 / The main purpose of the study is to examine the dynamics and decomposition of total factor productivity in China’s semiconductor industry after the government started to pour support and investment into the industry. This study uses firm-level financial and production data to estimate total factor productivity with Olley-Pakes estimation to eliminate both simultaneity problem and selection bias. Furthermore, it separates the contribution of firms to the aggregate productivity changes into three categories for surviving, entering, and exiting firms. Apart from studying merely business strategies, the research aims at taking entry and exit effects into account and also figuring out the impact of the policy of China’s government on the entire semiconductor industry since 2000.

本文旨在評估中國國有資產監督管理委員會的成立，是否對中國國有企業的生產力造成影響。我們利用中國國家統計局2001年至2007年「製造業規模以上企業年度調查」的數據，先使用Olley-Pakes三階段模型估計企業的生產力，再運用差異中之差異法，把結果分成使用所有樣本、用傾向分數配對法篩選樣本和分成37個行業別三步驟來檢視中國規模以上的國有製造業，其生產力是否因國資委成立(2003年)而有明顯的變化。本研究結果顯示，除了對石油和天然氣開採業為顯著的負面效果，對化學原料及化學製品製造業為顯著正面效果外，整體而言，國資委成立對國有企業的生產力沒有顯著影響，也因此未能達成有效提升國有企業生產效率的預期目標。