O presente trabalho surge com o intuito de problematizar os Movimentos Occupy, iniciados em 2010 com a Primavera Árabe como um espaço de utopias, utilizando a psicanálise como método de interrogação do sujeito, onde analiso os movimentos de juventude no contemporâneo. Junto com esta problematização, faço uma reflexão sobre de que formas a própria psicanálise pode compor uma vocação utópica, enquanto ferramenta política, a partir de sua visão acerca do sujeito e da proposição de uma ética. Nele, proponho-me a analisar de que forma os regimes econômicos lapidaram as subjetividades e sua contrapartida a partir dos movimentos de ocupação que estão se dando nas ruas, pensando a rua como espaço simbólico de utopias enlaçado nesta mesma ética. / This paper appears in order to discuss the Occupy Movements, begun in 2010 with the Arab Spring, as a space of utopias using psychoanalysis as a method of interrogation of the subject and the youth movements in the contemporary. Along with this questioning, I reflect on the ways in which psychoanalysis comprises a utopian vocation as a political tool from a new sight over the subject and an ethical proposition. In it, I propose to examine how the economic regimes lapidated subjectivities and its counterpart from the Occupy movements that are taking place in the streets, thinking the street as a symbolic space of utopias ensnared in this ethic.

Thesis (BTech (Surface Design))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2010 / The purpose of this research is to investigate whether street artists make statements about current socia-political affairs as a form of popular protest and whether those statements can be reflected in another design discipline. such as jewellery design. while reflecting upon the work of Faith47. a South African social commentator. Cultural studies has been referenced as a theoretical framework in relation to cultural sup-groups and. a historic context is provided in order to better understand the significance of social commentary in graffiti, a form of street art produced by social sub-qroup, and made during a period known as Apartheid and currently. in Post-Apartheid South Africa. A range of jewellery then emerged from the research. dealing with the aspects of social-political commentary. as an interpretation of a form of protest art and applied to wearable jewellery. The products incorporate word and images that are provocative and invite the viewer to question and reflect upon what in my view was a contentions and significant period in the history of South Africa.

Thesis (MTech (Electrical Engineering))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. / The development of solar roads to convert insolation on vast stretches of land to electrical energy, otherwise dedicated solely for transportation, is in its nascent stage. A great potential is seen for PV application with the maturing of solar road technology. Apart from increasing the versatility by smart utilization of land resources, widening the cover of renewable energy generation will lead to a sustainable, secure energy future. A stand-alone solar pathway for public park lighting or area lighting system, completely independent of the power grid, was designed and operated. Public lighting for 65 m stretch of walkway located next to the Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering Department building, was chosen as a case study in this study. The case study presented simplified method for sizing, performance evaluation and simulation of a stand-alone solar pathway to power public lighting on the Bellville Campus of the Cape Peninsula University of Technology. Depending on the requirements of the electrical, the quantity and quality of lighting, as well as the required duration of the lighting were calculated. Battery storage capacity, based on the desired autonomy period, and maximum and average daily depth of discharge, were sized. PV array size, based on the type and specifications of PV module, the time of year with the highest average daily lighting load and minimum solar radiation, were selected and measured. Control strategies for battery protection and lighting control conditions were determined, and the control set points were specified. The operating efficiency of solar pathway was evaluated and showed excellent performance compared to the expected with annual average value of the monthly performance ratio and system efficiency. A stand-alone solar pathway system was programmed using MATLAB, in order to size a PV system to the supply public lighting for the walkway. The computer program used, can be applied to any site with different weather conditions.

Orientador: Milton Terumitsu Sogabe / Banca: José Paiani Spaniol / Banca: Eduardo Cardoso Braga / Resumo: A Arte de Rua se tornou uma forte manifestação cultural ao longo dos últimos trinta anos, elaborando uma linguagem própria e se estabelecendo no mercado artístico. Contudo, o reconhecimento deste tipo de prática enquanto arte ainda é paradoxal, pois tange diversos pontos problemáticos nas relações sociais. A intervenção chega aos olhos do espectador sem pedir permissão, insere-se no contexto urbano quase que naturalmente, e em alguns casos chega a se camuflar como se já fosse parte da arquitetura. Seja qual for a sua base estética, a intervenção urbana alcança um vasto espectro de espectadores, mesmo que eles não queiram. O que se pretende nesta dissertação não é catalogar de forma cartesiana os diversos estilos encontrados nas ruas, mas sim refletir acerca desta prática, sobre seu funcionamento, seus desdobramentos, em uma leitura mais densa e tanto quanto possível objetiva / Abstract: Street Art became a strong cultural manifestation during the last thirty years, creating a personal language and establishing itself into the art market. However, recognizing this practice as an art form is still a paradox. The intervention comes to the viewer's eyes without permission, inserts itself almost naturally into the urban context, and in some cases camouflages as it was already part of the architecture. Whatever the aesthetic bases are, the urban intervention reaches a huge specter of viewers, even if they don't want to. What is intended in this work is not to catalogue the different styles found in the streets in a Cartesian way, but supply a denser and as possible objective reading about this practice and also reflect about hot it works and unfolds / Mestre

O presente trabalho surge com o intuito de problematizar os Movimentos Occupy, iniciados em 2010 com a Primavera Árabe como um espaço de utopias, utilizando a psicanálise como método de interrogação do sujeito, onde analiso os movimentos de juventude no contemporâneo. Junto com esta problematização, faço uma reflexão sobre de que formas a própria psicanálise pode compor uma vocação utópica, enquanto ferramenta política, a partir de sua visão acerca do sujeito e da proposição de uma ética. Nele, proponho-me a analisar de que forma os regimes econômicos lapidaram as subjetividades e sua contrapartida a partir dos movimentos de ocupação que estão se dando nas ruas, pensando a rua como espaço simbólico de utopias enlaçado nesta mesma ética. / This paper appears in order to discuss the Occupy Movements, begun in 2010 with the Arab Spring, as a space of utopias using psychoanalysis as a method of interrogation of the subject and the youth movements in the contemporary. Along with this questioning, I reflect on the ways in which psychoanalysis comprises a utopian vocation as a political tool from a new sight over the subject and an ethical proposition. In it, I propose to examine how the economic regimes lapidated subjectivities and its counterpart from the Occupy movements that are taking place in the streets, thinking the street as a symbolic space of utopias ensnared in this ethic.

Ambitionen med denna studie har varit att läsaren ska få en inblick i det våld som medföljer prostitution och att den överhängande risken för att utsättas för våld förekommer oavsett om kvinnan är verksam inom “off-street” eller “on-street” prostitution. Syftet har varit att utföra en jämförande studie av den utsatthet för våld av sexköpare som kvinnor verksamma i “off- street” respektive “on-street” prostitution upplever. Vidare användes en kvalitativ innehållsanalys av svenska biografier om prostitution för att studera hur kvinnorna i prostitution beskrev sina möten med sexköpare. De huvudsakliga resultaten är att det råder skillnader i det våld som kvinnorna erfarit av sexköpare och hur de beskriver sina upplevelser. De rådande skillnaderna har berott på vilket verksamhetsområde kvinnan varit aktiv i. Utifrån biografierna framkom det att kvinnorna verksamma ”off-street” hade ett sexuellt självskadebeteende, att det kunde urskiljas en normaliseringsprocess av det upplevda våldet samt att kvinnorna inom ”on-street” har en ökad risk för att utsättas för viktimisering enligt livsstilsteorin. Slutsatserna i denna studie är att de teoretiska utgångspunkterna har en betydande roll gällande vilken form av våld kvinnorna får erfara av sexköpare. / The aim of this study was to provide the reader with an insight into the violence that accompanies prostitution and that the imminent risk of violence is present regardless of whether the woman is active in “off-street” or “on-street” prostitution. The purpose has been to carry out a comparative study of the vulnerability to violence by sex buyers that women in “off-street” and “on-street” prostitution experience. In addition, a qualitative content analysis of Swedish biographies on prostitution was used to study how women in prostitution described their meetings with sex buyers. The main results are that there are differences in the violence that women experience from sex buyers and how they describe their experiences. These differences depended on whether the women were active in “off-street” or “on-street” prostitution. Based on the biographies, it was found that the women in “off-street” had a sexual self-harm, that a normalization process of the experienced violence could be distinguished and that women active “on-street” have an increased risk of being victimized according to the lifestyle theory. The conclusions of this study are that the theoretical aspects have a significant role in what kind of violence women in prostitution experience from sex buyers.

O presente trabalho surge com o intuito de problematizar os Movimentos Occupy, iniciados em 2010 com a Primavera Árabe como um espaço de utopias, utilizando a psicanálise como método de interrogação do sujeito, onde analiso os movimentos de juventude no contemporâneo. Junto com esta problematização, faço uma reflexão sobre de que formas a própria psicanálise pode compor uma vocação utópica, enquanto ferramenta política, a partir de sua visão acerca do sujeito e da proposição de uma ética. Nele, proponho-me a analisar de que forma os regimes econômicos lapidaram as subjetividades e sua contrapartida a partir dos movimentos de ocupação que estão se dando nas ruas, pensando a rua como espaço simbólico de utopias enlaçado nesta mesma ética. / This paper appears in order to discuss the Occupy Movements, begun in 2010 with the Arab Spring, as a space of utopias using psychoanalysis as a method of interrogation of the subject and the youth movements in the contemporary. Along with this questioning, I reflect on the ways in which psychoanalysis comprises a utopian vocation as a political tool from a new sight over the subject and an ethical proposition. In it, I propose to examine how the economic regimes lapidated subjectivities and its counterpart from the Occupy movements that are taking place in the streets, thinking the street as a symbolic space of utopias ensnared in this ethic.

This study theorises and conceptualises place as an object of consumption, formed, shaped, and affected through practices. The study problematizes place treatments in extant managerial sciences and its contextual interpretations within consumption. It draws from a range of disciplinary inspirations from management studies, social sciences, philosophical, and phenomenological musings to empirically interrogate place construct using ethnography, in itself understood as placemaking practice. It analyses and interprets place through the lens of practice theories and non-representational methods to conceptualise place in consumption, and critically revisits its ontological hierarchy vis-à-vis space. The study delivers several methodological, theoretical, and axiological contributions. It uses an adapted form of historical street ethnography to interrogate place, imbuing it with a critical reflexive standpoint, and positions a revitalised and reinvigorated street ethnography as a critical reflexive epistemic tool of knowledge production in the analytical transitions from phenomenological to post-phenomenological narratives. The study’s theoretical, discipline-specific contributions arise from synchronous examinations of place, consumption, practice, and non-representations. It empirically validates heuristics of non-representation and practices in contextually examining place in consumption, appreciates genomic qualities of practices brigaded through universality of human experiences as pools of actions and competencies articulating consumption, and contemplates place as a processual, aspatial, fluid entity grasped beyond marketplace logic through practices. It expands understandings of marketplace, setting, structure, and actor, and invites attention to the liquefied, flowing nature of market and consumption through place plasticity and path-dependent practices. It emphasises the illocutionary force of place as object of consumption shaped through and in each moment of practice. The study empirically validates the reenchanted ontology of place, resituating it as the universal supreme abstract with space and time as component, co-constitutive elements, thus resituating extant place-space hierarchy. The study’s axiological and managerial contributions highlight mutability of practices in shaping place beyond marketplace logic in its many forms and settings, valorise everyday activities in shaping marketplace, illuminate the role of public, civic, and communal spaces and their contributions in the transition from market economy to marketized society not captured by marketplace discourses, and invite practice and non-representations into depictions of place marketing and consumption.

Philosophiae Doctor - PhD / This thesis seeks to examine the making of official policies on street trading in Cape Town’s city centre and the impact of such policies. It covers an extensive period from colonial times to the Union era and from apartheid to democracy. The local government and its role in controlling the trade is the centre of focus but the thesis also explores how the oral testimonies of street traders in the city centre contribute to our understanding of the activity as well as the impact of policy. This thesis poses several questions. What influences policy? What is the impact of policy? Are there continuities or discontinuities in policy? How does one understand street trading and the impact of policy from the perspectives of street traders themselves? Given that there are significant studies of street trading in other municipalities, how does a history of street trading in Cape Town compare? Is there anything distinctive about Cape Town?` Several factors have influenced policy. These have been similar to other local authorities. These have been the desire to raise revenue for the city, to protect the interest of established businesses who feared competition from street traders, the city’s desire to maintain a clean, beautiful and orderly city, as well as traffic and sanitation considerations. Like other local authorities, strategies have included: issuing licenses to street traders and the development and implementation of street trading regulations which either restricted or prohibited street trading. In contrast to studies of other cities, this thesis explores the practice of registration as a measure of control which nonetheless confers rights. This thesis marks the 1980s as representing a decisive shift in policy from one characterized by the prosecution of street traders to a more sympathetic and supportive approach towards street traders. The post-apartheid context saw significant changes in policy motivated by the desire to seek solutions to unemployment and poverty alleviation. Thus permanent stands for street traders in the city centre have been provided, traders have been involved in decision making and power has been devolved to associations. The latter practice has been significant in Cape Town. This thesis has also found that out of the major South African cities, Cape Town comes after Johannesburg in having progressive street trader policies. This measure of progressive is seen in the number of street traders, in the provision of infrastructure such as stands and the encouragement of the sector. While the Cape Town city council has a developmental continuum plan which sees street trading leading to formal businesses, it has yet to put resources to further this. Oral histories have been particularly useful in highlighting that street trading is not only the occupation of the urban poor. This thesis highlights individuals with skills and education and who see the sector as bearing many advantages. The thesis points to the sector as being differentiated. Further, the distinction between the formal and informal gets blurred in the contemporary era. This thesis highlights the hereditary nature of street trading in Cape Town thus challenging ideas of street trading as a transitory occupation. With regard to policy, interviews highlighted the negative impact of policy during apartheid. While traders see the advantages of the democratic era, they nonetheless argue too that the encouragement of the sector has seen an increase in the number of street traders but no significant increase in a customer base. There is thus some nostalgia for the pre-1994 years. This study has allowed one to track continuity and discontinuity and to explore the idea of a progressive policy and to make comparisons with other cities drawing from official and oral sources.

D.Ed. / The scientific study of food has emerged as a discipline in its own right since the end of the 1939-1945 war. The need for the development of a training programme for street food vendors reflects an increasing awareness of the fact that the eating quality of food commodities is determined by a logical sequence of events that starts at the production of the food or the germination of the seed, and culminates in its consumption. From this point of view the street food handler is inevitably involved in certain aspects of nutrition, environmental health and psychology. Apart from the problems of handling and preparation of food, it seems likely that the food handler will become increasingly concerned with enhancing the biological value of traditional food. Further, there is the potential for evolving entirely new ways of preparation and handling as a result of the pressure of increasing population diversity and demand. This is likely to produce a need for the additional training of food handlers and health professionals. Street food is one of the major commodities with which Environmental Health Officers are concerned, and is subject of the present inquiry in Polokwane. This sector is a growing enterprise in Africa today: its expansion is linked to urbanisation, unemployment and lack of economic growth. Despite this, the role of street food in supplying ready-to-eat food has received little official attention; more notice has been paid to the potential dangers arising from the consumption of street food than to any benefits it might offer. This has resulted in the marginalisation of the sector’s activities. Much of the bias against street food is, however, unfounded and is based more on prejudice than empirical data. Official data on street food and its consumption in South Africa are largely lacking and few studies have been conducted in this regard. These few studies have shown that the street food industry is a large and complex sector, which provides a means of livelihood principally for unemployed woman and an affordable source of food to many thousands of people. The potential of street vendors to improve the food security in both urban and rural populations remains almost totally unexplored. Where the formal sector fails to provide opportunities for employment, people often resort to informal trading to make a living. This research has confirmed that street food is inexpensive, and immediately available to consumers. In Polokwane the sector produces an integral part of the diet that is regularly consumed by all income groups, but particularly by commuters, workers and school children. Street food is extremely diverse in terms of what is available: it includes drinks, fruit and vegetables, meals and snacks. The ways in which street food is processed vary widely and include the preparation of food on the city street in relatively heterogeneous and unregulated conditions. The potential drawbacks of street food include its safety requirements; the lack of training of street vendors; quality control of the preparation and microbiological safety; consumption requirements; and the enormous variability of street food in terms of ingredients used by different vendors and the way in which it is prepared. / Prof. H.G van Rooyen