Orientador: Denise Maria Trombert de Oliveira / Banca: Luiz Antonio de Souza / Banca: Adelita Aparedica Sartori Paoli / Resumo: O presente trabalho descreve os aspectos estruturais e ontogenéticos dos frutos e sementes de Manihot caerulescens Pohl. e M. tripartita Müll. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae, Crotonoideae), espécies arbustivas que ocorrem freqüentemente no cerrado sensu lato. Os objetivos deste trabalho são: descrever a morfologia, a anatomia e o desenvolvimento dos frutos e sementes de M. caerulescens e M. tripartita; identificar as estruturas relacionadas ao processo de deiscência dos frutos e à dispersão das sementes; e verificar a ocorrência de padrões estruturais comuns às espécies estudadas, comparando-as com as demais Euphorbiaceae registradas na literatura. Para tanto, foram adotados procedimentos usuais em Anatomia Vegetal. No estudo do pericarpo, foi possível o enquadramento em quatro estágios de desenvolvimento, típicos dos frutos secos: I - ovário; II - frutos bem jovens, com atividade meristemática acentuada; III - frutos jovens até seu tamanho definitivo, caracterizado pelo evidente alongamento celular; e IV - fase de amadurecimento e lignificação do estrato esclerenquimático. Verificou-se que, no estágio I, as duas espécies estudadas apresentam ovário típico de Euphorbiaceae, com algumas diferenças sutis entre elas, como, por exemplo, o aspecto anguloso de M. caerulescens, devido à presença de seis projeções longitudinais; em M. tripartita, são observados inúmeros tricomas tectores unicelulares e o ovário em secção transversal é mais circular. No estágio II, inicia-se a diferenciação de diversos feixes laterais no mesocarpo mediano; em sua porção mais interna, destaca-se um estrato de células alongadas tangencial e obliquamente. Divisões periclinais intensas indicam a presença de um meristema subadaxial, que forma o mesocarpo interno, e de um meristema adaxial, que produz o endocarpo de ambas as espécies. No estágio III, ...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: The present work describes structural and ontogenetic aspects of the fruits and seeds of Manihot caerulescens Pohl. e M. tripartita Müll. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae, Crotonoideae), shrub species that occur frequently in cerrado sensu lato. The aims of this work are: to describe the morphology, anatomy and development of the fruits and seeds of M. caerulescens and M. tripartita; to identify the structures related to the process of dehiscence of the fruits, and to seed dispersion; and to verify the occurrence of structural standards between the studied species, comparing with others Euphorbiaceae registered in the literature. For this, usual techniques in Plant Anatomy were adopted. In the study of pericarp, it was possible define four development stages that are typical of dry fruits: I - ovary; II - very young fruits, with intensive meristematic activity; III - young fruits until their final size, characterized for evident cellular elongation; and IV - phase of maturity and lignification of the sclerenchymatous stratum. In the stage I, we verify that the two studied species present ovary structure typical of Euphorbiaceae, with some subtle differences between them, as, e.g., the angular aspect of M. caerulescens, due to the presence of six longitudinal projections; in M. tripartita, several unicellular non-glandular trichomes are observed, and the ovary has more circular transverse section. In stage II, it is initiated the differentiation of diverse lateral bundles in medium mesocarp; in its inner portion, a layer of tangential and obliquely elongated cells is distinguished. Intensive periclinal divisions indicate the presence of one subadaxial meristem, that forms the inner mesocarp, and of one adaxial meristem, that produces the endocarp of the both species. In stage III, the final size of the fruits is defined; the most inner region of medium ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

The reproductive and developmental styles of Aplocheilichthys johnstoni closely resemble those of other oviparous cyprinodont fishes reported in the literature. Reproductively it sorts to the guild of nonguarding phytophyllic broodhiders, is a daily, fractional spawner of relatively large, adhesive eggs. The length of the embryonic period varies between 14 and 19 days and the larval period can last for up to 30 days. Sexual maturity can be attained at an age of 150 days from fertilization. The embryology is described in detail and close comparison is made with the embryology of other cyprinodonts to highlight possible phylogenetic differences. Major differences with other cyprinodonts are in the rate of development, and heterochronic shifts in the appearance of certain structures in relation to each other. A discussion is included on the nature of development. It is suggested that development proceeds in a gradual stepwise fashion, interspersed with four major saltations, namely, fertilisation, onset of exogenous feeding, sexual maturity and death

archives@tulane.edu / The goal of this project was to examine patterns of craniofacial ontogeny in three species of baboons, Papio anubis (n = 55), P. cynocephalus (n = 43), and P. ursinus (n = 42), and three species of macaques, Macaca. cyclopis (n = 34), M. fascicularis (n = 55), and M. mulatta (n = 59) to determine the degree to which they exhibited similarities and differences in ontogeny, and then to apply those findings to Neandertals (n = 12) and modern humans (n = 42) to better understand ontogenetic variation within Homo. Macaques and baboons were chosen as model species because, like Neandertals and modern humans, they have relatively large geographic ranges, and this study aimed to investigate whether that had any impact on shifts in ontogeny. First, virtual 3D models of each individual were created in Agisoft Photoscan. Then 3D coordinates from 39 type I and type II landmarks representing the entire cranium from each individual were collected in Stratovan Checkpoint. Missing landmarks were estimated in R and statistical analyses were conducted in Paleontological Statistics (PAST). The results indicate that Neandertals and modern humans share parallel postnatal growth trajectories, which is in agreement with existing literature. However, there was some indication of non-parallel trajectories among baboons and macaques. Specifically, in some, though not all, aspects of shape, P. anubis and P. ursinus have divergent trajectories, as does M. cyclopis compared to both M. fascicularis and M. mulatta. One possible explanation for these differences lies in their geographic ranges. Although there is interspecific overlap in baboon ranges and baboons are known to hybridize, P. anubis and P. ursinus ranges do not touch. Similarly, although there is overlap in the ranges of M. fascicularis and M. mulatta and evidence of interbreeding between the two species, M. cyclopis is isolated on the island of Taiwan. Thus, while additional data, especially in terms of larger juvenile sample sizes are needed to confirm this pattern, the results of this study suggest possible subtle divergences in ontogeny of species whose ranges do not overlap and who therefore do not hybridize in their natural environments. / 1 / Whitney Karriger

The present study was designed to test the effect of ethanol on cadmium accumulation in tissues of pregnant rats and their offspring. Starting 10 days before mating and continuing until parturition, ethanol (10% v/v) was present in the drinking water of half the rats. Cadmium chloride (CdCl2; 50 ppm) was present in the water of half the rats (± ethanol) from the first day after mating until parturition. On the day of parturition cadmium accumulated to a moderate level in bone (7.3 μg/g tissue, wet weight; this and other values, P < 0.05 vs. control), liver (12.9 μg/g) and kidney (13.0 μg/g) of dams, while the brain had only a low level of cadmium (0.45 μg/g). In offspring at 6 weeks cadmium accumulated in high amounts in the brain (34.0 μg/g), bone (15.9 μg), kidney (78.2 μg/g) and particularly the liver (227.3 μg/g). Ethanol, given simultaneously with cadmium, inhibited cadmium accumulation in brain (1.8 μg/g), bone (3.28 μg/g) and kidney (61.3 μg/g), but enhanced cadmium accumulation in liver (408.7 μg/g). At 12 weeks there were only residual levels of cadmium in all tissues of offspring. These findings demonstrate an interaction between 2 known teratogenic agents, with ethanol conferring protection of the brain from cadmium accumulation. The nature of this interaction is not known, but is likely to be related to ethanol induction of metallothionein in the liver and placenta.

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