This is a thesis about managing multiplicity. It analyses how people working in municipalities are managing, controlling, and caring for the complex and contradictory world they live in. Building on more than 100 interviews and observations, the thesis examines the multiple realities of those who work in public sector organisations. By studying (1) the work of managers on different organisational levels, controllers, professionals responsible for the care of others and, to a lesser extent, politicians; (2) the management control systems that are used in the work, and (3) the ongoing debates and legislations directed towards the management of care practices, the thesis makes an effort to analyse how the realities of these individuals; those active in controlling and caring, are constructed. The thesis makes several contributions to the literatures on management control and public management. Where earlier studies are either based on a functionalist conception of management control and public management (in which performance measures and control systems are tools in the hands of managers, that enable them to control other practices), or focused on understanding how control contributes to the construction of reality (making reality ontologically coherent, and therefore controllable), the present thesis argues that management can be approached and analysed as a practice devoted to managing ontological multiplicity, rather than as an activity devoted to control other practices or making reality controllable. By using the concept of ontological politics, the thesis shows that control often fails to make reality controllable, which makes the practice of management reliant on alternative ways to manage. The alternative to control that is analysed in the thesis is care, and the thesis argues that care could be seen as a way to manage, rather than as something that should be controlled: care is complementary to control when it comes to management. The thesis explicates how management by care is done in relation to management by control, and how they may become resources for each other in managing the complex and contradictory public sector. / <p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Accepted. Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.</p>

The text is concerned with informational privacy in infosphere. Infosphere according to Luciano Floridi presents a new type of techno-scientific ecology in which western societies organize themselves and operate. Privacy is conceptualized as a labor of division in the infosphere, where every (quasi)subject is mobilizing various actors in order to protect her outer boundaries and resist objectification. The labor of division in infosphere is then compared with similar types of labor in different ecologies and societies (i.e. Amazonia and Mongolia) in sake of identification of crucial agents carrying out this labor of division based on negotiations of categories such as human/non-human or self/non-self. The text distinguishes three types of actors of division according to three interconnected intruders; traders, overseers and criminals. The argument then is that through mobilization of various dividing actors depending on the type of intruder, different (quasi)subjects emerge, thus subjectivity in the infosphere is a political project co- constructed by non/human dividing actors. The last chapter than proposes general ethical directions which might be helpful in the future, when considering the problems of lack of privacy.

Communities of color in particular have experienced a traumatic history of structural violence, interpersonal racism, segregation, and oppression. The unjust history of structural violence and the deleterious treatment of people and cultures in the U.S., that in part stems from neoliberal policies and rationality, continues to plague communities and people within the food system. Many people and communities are working to actualize the social-ethical ideal of a non-violent 'beloved community' to counter this unjust history and expand the boundaries of what is possible for individuals and society. Historical and systemic injustices ramify the adverse experiences and trauma affecting vulnerable people's lives. The effects and pervasiveness of individual and collective trauma at a global scale has highlighted a serious need for broader-scale awareness and adoption of a trauma-informed care approach by community food work organizations, practitioners, and social change leaders. A trauma-informed care approach was developed as a health care framework based on the importance of adverse childhood events to poor distal health and mental health outcomes. Without a deeper understanding of how extensive the collective impact of such trauma and injustice is on people and the food system; community food work researchers and practitioners may reify uninformed responses that result in continued trauma and injustice. However, there are few examples of community food work organizations using a trauma-informed care approach as an organizational change process to promote community transformation and resilience. This research examined and specifically analyzed how a community food work organization that is engaged in mutual aid and social-ecological activism embodies trauma-informed care; engenders an agential change space; and grapples with the aspirations and tensions of being an organization seeking to ameliorate the effects of anthropogenic trauma and expand the boundaries of what is possible individually and collectively. A narrative inquiry methodology was used to critically explore and study the perceptions and thoughts of 17 study participants of how a trauma-informed approach to care is embodied and agential change space provided as mutual aid and community food work. The seventeen study participants' narratives were coded and analyzed using the Principles of a Trauma-Informed Care Framework defined by SAMHSA (2014), Bowen and Murshid (2016), and Hecht et al (2018). The narrative inquiry of seventeen narratives demonstrated that an integrated trauma-informed care approach as an organizational change process is essential to the formation of agential change space and has wide-reaching applicability to mutual aid efforts and community food work pedagogy and praxis, especially as organizations and practitioners confront ongoing systemic trauma and injustices that have resulted from structural violence and continue to persist due to the dominant hegemonic neoliberal framing that exists in relation to race, gender, and socioeconomic class. / Doctor of Philosophy / Communities of color in particular have experienced a traumatic history of structural violence, interpersonal racism, segregation, and oppression. The unjust history of structural violence and the deleterious treatment of people and cultures in the U.S., that in part stems from neoliberal policies and rationality, continues to plague communities and the food system. Many people and communities are working to actualize the social-ethical ideal of a non-violent 'beloved community' to counter this unjust history and expand the boundaries of what is possible individually and collectively. Without a deeper understanding of how extensive the collective impact of such trauma and injustice is on people and the food system; community food work researchers and practitioners may reify uninformed responses that result in continued trauma and injustice. However, there are few examples of community food work organizations using a trauma-informed care approach as an organizational change process to promote food system transformation. This research examined the ecotonal nature of community food work and specifically analyzed how a community food work organization that is engaged in mutual aid and social-ecological activism embodies trauma-informed care; engenders an agential change space; and grapples with the aspirations and tensions of being an organization seeking to ameliorate the effects of anthropogenic trauma and expand the boundaries of what is possible individually and collectively. A case study and narrative inquiry methodology was used to critically explore perceptions and thoughts of 17 study participants and stakeholders of meaningful support as embodying a trauma-informed care approach and participative interaction as engendering agential change space as mutual aid and community food work. The seventeen study participants' narratives were coded and analyzed using the Principles of a Trauma-Informed Care Framework defined by SAMHSA (2014), Bowen and Murshid (2016), and Hecht et al. (2018). The narrative inquiry of seventeen narratives demonstrated that an integrated trauma-informed care approach as an organizational change process is essential to the formation of agential change space and has wide-reaching applicability to mutual aid efforts and community food work as pedagogy and praxis, especially as organizations and practitioners confront ongoing systemic trauma and injustices that have resulted from structural violence and continue to persist due to the dominant hegemonic neoliberal framing that exists in relation to race, gender, and socioeconomic class.

Esta dissertação gira em torno da lei nº 11.520, que em setembro de 2007 estabeleceu o direito a uma pensão especial a todas as pessoas atingidas pela hanseníase e compulsoriamente internadas em colônias hospitalares até 31 de dezembro de 1986. Por um lado, alinhado ao trabalho de diversas pesquisadoras, tais como Vianna (2013), Bevilaqua (2013), Schuch (2008), Das e Polle (2008), Vecchioli (2001) e Ferreira (2009), o enfoque não é direcionado à letra da lei 11.520/2007 (enquanto conjunto de artigos e incisos), mas sim às “práticas” que a constituem. Por outro lado, inspirada pela abordagem de Law (1992) e principalmente de Mol (2002, 2008), tomo como objetivo rastrear aquilo que chamei de múltiplas performances da lei 11.520/2007; ou seja, as várias versões da lei em ação. Com base no trabalho de campo realizado com sujeitos que pleitearam aquela pensão especial, familiares e membros do Movimento de Reintegração das pessoas atingidas pela Hanseníase (Morhan), e principalmente a partir do campo levado a cabo junto à Comissão Interministerial de Avaliação (CIA), responsável pela gestão e análise dos pedidos de pensão em Brasília, busco delinear negociações, estabilizações e efeitos da/na constituição das histórias performadas da lei. Tal empreitada tem como hipótese que a categoria “pessoa atingida pela hanseníase e compulsoriamente internada” (advinda da letra da lei) se constitui através do processo, implicado na gestão da lei, de objetivação dos sujeitos – performatizando não apenas os sujeitos de direito, mas o próprio Estado. / This paper revolves around Brazilian Federal Law 11.520 that in September 2007 granted a special pension to former patients who were affected by leprosy and compulsorily isolated in leprosy colonies before 1987. On the one hand, aligned with researchers such as Vianna (2013), Bevilaqua (2013), Schuch (2008), Das e Polle (2008), Vecchioli (2001) e Ferreira (2009), my focus is not on the law as a list of articles and sections, but rather on the “practices” that constitute it. On the other hand, inspired by thinkers such as Law (1992) and specially Mol (2002, 2008), I seek to delineate what I have called the multiples performances of the law 11.520/2007; in other words, different versions of the law in action. On the basis of field research conducted with former interns, their families and members of Morhan (Movimento de Reintegração das Pessoas atingidas pela Hanseníase) – a social movement that promotes the rights of people affected by leprosy -, and mainly field research conducted at the Interministerial Evaluation Commission (Comissão Interministerial de Avaliação – CIA), responsible for the management and analysis of the applications in Brasilia, I seek to track the various negotiations, stabilizations and effects involved in the forging of the performed histories of the law. This paper is guided by the hypothesis that the category of “affected by leprosy” (atingido pela hanseníase) and “compulsorily isolated” (compulsoriamente isolado) are terms constituted throughout the process implicated in the law’s management of the objectivation of the people involved - in which not only the subjects but also the State is performed.

Esta dissertação gira em torno da lei nº 11.520, que em setembro de 2007 estabeleceu o direito a uma pensão especial a todas as pessoas atingidas pela hanseníase e compulsoriamente internadas em colônias hospitalares até 31 de dezembro de 1986. Por um lado, alinhado ao trabalho de diversas pesquisadoras, tais como Vianna (2013), Bevilaqua (2013), Schuch (2008), Das e Polle (2008), Vecchioli (2001) e Ferreira (2009), o enfoque não é direcionado à letra da lei 11.520/2007 (enquanto conjunto de artigos e incisos), mas sim às “práticas” que a constituem. Por outro lado, inspirada pela abordagem de Law (1992) e principalmente de Mol (2002, 2008), tomo como objetivo rastrear aquilo que chamei de múltiplas performances da lei 11.520/2007; ou seja, as várias versões da lei em ação. Com base no trabalho de campo realizado com sujeitos que pleitearam aquela pensão especial, familiares e membros do Movimento de Reintegração das pessoas atingidas pela Hanseníase (Morhan), e principalmente a partir do campo levado a cabo junto à Comissão Interministerial de Avaliação (CIA), responsável pela gestão e análise dos pedidos de pensão em Brasília, busco delinear negociações, estabilizações e efeitos da/na constituição das histórias performadas da lei. Tal empreitada tem como hipótese que a categoria “pessoa atingida pela hanseníase e compulsoriamente internada” (advinda da letra da lei) se constitui através do processo, implicado na gestão da lei, de objetivação dos sujeitos – performatizando não apenas os sujeitos de direito, mas o próprio Estado. / This paper revolves around Brazilian Federal Law 11.520 that in September 2007 granted a special pension to former patients who were affected by leprosy and compulsorily isolated in leprosy colonies before 1987. On the one hand, aligned with researchers such as Vianna (2013), Bevilaqua (2013), Schuch (2008), Das e Polle (2008), Vecchioli (2001) e Ferreira (2009), my focus is not on the law as a list of articles and sections, but rather on the “practices” that constitute it. On the other hand, inspired by thinkers such as Law (1992) and specially Mol (2002, 2008), I seek to delineate what I have called the multiples performances of the law 11.520/2007; in other words, different versions of the law in action. On the basis of field research conducted with former interns, their families and members of Morhan (Movimento de Reintegração das Pessoas atingidas pela Hanseníase) – a social movement that promotes the rights of people affected by leprosy -, and mainly field research conducted at the Interministerial Evaluation Commission (Comissão Interministerial de Avaliação – CIA), responsible for the management and analysis of the applications in Brasilia, I seek to track the various negotiations, stabilizations and effects involved in the forging of the performed histories of the law. This paper is guided by the hypothesis that the category of “affected by leprosy” (atingido pela hanseníase) and “compulsorily isolated” (compulsoriamente isolado) are terms constituted throughout the process implicated in the law’s management of the objectivation of the people involved - in which not only the subjects but also the State is performed.

Esta dissertação gira em torno da lei nº 11.520, que em setembro de 2007 estabeleceu o direito a uma pensão especial a todas as pessoas atingidas pela hanseníase e compulsoriamente internadas em colônias hospitalares até 31 de dezembro de 1986. Por um lado, alinhado ao trabalho de diversas pesquisadoras, tais como Vianna (2013), Bevilaqua (2013), Schuch (2008), Das e Polle (2008), Vecchioli (2001) e Ferreira (2009), o enfoque não é direcionado à letra da lei 11.520/2007 (enquanto conjunto de artigos e incisos), mas sim às “práticas” que a constituem. Por outro lado, inspirada pela abordagem de Law (1992) e principalmente de Mol (2002, 2008), tomo como objetivo rastrear aquilo que chamei de múltiplas performances da lei 11.520/2007; ou seja, as várias versões da lei em ação. Com base no trabalho de campo realizado com sujeitos que pleitearam aquela pensão especial, familiares e membros do Movimento de Reintegração das pessoas atingidas pela Hanseníase (Morhan), e principalmente a partir do campo levado a cabo junto à Comissão Interministerial de Avaliação (CIA), responsável pela gestão e análise dos pedidos de pensão em Brasília, busco delinear negociações, estabilizações e efeitos da/na constituição das histórias performadas da lei. Tal empreitada tem como hipótese que a categoria “pessoa atingida pela hanseníase e compulsoriamente internada” (advinda da letra da lei) se constitui através do processo, implicado na gestão da lei, de objetivação dos sujeitos – performatizando não apenas os sujeitos de direito, mas o próprio Estado. / This paper revolves around Brazilian Federal Law 11.520 that in September 2007 granted a special pension to former patients who were affected by leprosy and compulsorily isolated in leprosy colonies before 1987. On the one hand, aligned with researchers such as Vianna (2013), Bevilaqua (2013), Schuch (2008), Das e Polle (2008), Vecchioli (2001) e Ferreira (2009), my focus is not on the law as a list of articles and sections, but rather on the “practices” that constitute it. On the other hand, inspired by thinkers such as Law (1992) and specially Mol (2002, 2008), I seek to delineate what I have called the multiples performances of the law 11.520/2007; in other words, different versions of the law in action. On the basis of field research conducted with former interns, their families and members of Morhan (Movimento de Reintegração das Pessoas atingidas pela Hanseníase) – a social movement that promotes the rights of people affected by leprosy -, and mainly field research conducted at the Interministerial Evaluation Commission (Comissão Interministerial de Avaliação – CIA), responsible for the management and analysis of the applications in Brasilia, I seek to track the various negotiations, stabilizations and effects involved in the forging of the performed histories of the law. This paper is guided by the hypothesis that the category of “affected by leprosy” (atingido pela hanseníase) and “compulsorily isolated” (compulsoriamente isolado) are terms constituted throughout the process implicated in the law’s management of the objectivation of the people involved - in which not only the subjects but also the State is performed.

Since its invention nearly 150 years ago, margarine has proven itself adaptable to multiple ingredients and techniques whilst continuing to mimic the fatty tastes familiar to eaters in Northern Europe. In this thesis I argue that it this malleability that makes margarine a useful subject with which to explore constructions of eating-well. This thesis examines the ways in which margarine is done, why it is done in the ways that it is, and explores how such doings frame possibilities for eating-together-well. Eating-well has become something of a social obsession in the UK in recent years. Individual eating practices have become framed as a responsibility of care for personal and societal health, for agricultural workers, animal welfare and for the future of the planet. Nonetheless, it is commonly believed that although deeply personal, food habits are culturally and socially engrained, and as such are hard to change. This empirically led thesis, examines the knowledges and practices of producers and consumers, and establishes habit formation as a typical response by both producers and consumers to becoming overwhelmed with incompatible knowledges and information, compelling them to choose, prioritise and juggle ‘moral’ values. Yet, I demonstrate that such habits only remain stable until disrupted by an event which overflows and troubles this settlement. Building on this, this thesis then examines the possibilities offered by the creation of micro-events for encountering, knowing, and relating with, margarine matters anew. In this way, this thesis investigates the values, norms and power relations entangled with the presentation and enactment of margarine and its constituent parts as ‘good’ or ‘bad’ foods, examining both what these framings do, and how they are maintained. In approaching margarine matters in this way, this thesis offers three key contributions to the area of food geographies. Firstly, I demonstrate how commodity frameworks shift political problems in to a technical and administrative realm and close down spaces of critical thought and political intervention. Secondly, I establish that ‘strange encounters’ are events which can add to understandings of the more-than human world-making of food knowledges, practices, and habits. Thirdly, I determine that the novel methodological approach of ‘playing with our food’ is a productive technique with which to prefigure and rehearse more nuanced ethical understandings of eating-well as a relational doing that is excessive to consuming-well.

Esta dissertação tem como temática a relação entre a Antropologia do Direito e os Estudos Sociais da Ciência e da Tecnologia no que tange a produção de laudos periciais por peritos criminais federais. Tendo o Grupo de Perícias de Laboratório do Setor Técnico-Científico da Superintendência Regional do Departamento de Polícia Federal de Porto Alegre como local privilegiado de observação, busca-se problematizar as relações entre ciência e direito assim como compreender, através do acompanhamento dos peritos criminais federais na sua atividade cotidiana, como atores e organizações mobilizam, justapõem e mantêm unidos os elementos para constituir, ao fim, um laudo pericial. Nesse sentido, parte-se da perspectiva de que as esferas do direito e da ciência não estão separadas, mas são coproduzidas. Logo, procura-se potencializar os laudos periciais através da descrição da rede que envolve a sua produção. Parte-se da hipótese de que os laudos não são apenas um processo de purificação, mas a complexificação de uma rede que, ao final, resulta em um ator pontualizado, sendo que este performatiza um ordenamento da realidade condizente com uma ontologia política específica. Acredita-se que, através dessa pesquisa, poder-se-á complexificar as discussões já alçadas pela Antropologia Brasileira sobre a produção de justiça e de ciência, assim como alimentar o debate político sobre os limites e as potencialidades dos usos de provas científicas nos tribunais brasileiros. / This dissertation is about the relation between the Anthropology of Law and Rights studies and the Social Studies of Science and Technology regarding the production of forensic reports by federal forensic investigators. Having the Forensic Laboratory of the Techno-scientific Bureau of the Regional Superintendence of the Federal Police Department (SETEC/SR/DPF) at Porto Alegre city as a privileged observation site, I seek to discuss the relationship between the science and the law as well as to complexify, while observing the everyday tasks of the forensic investigators, how actors and organizations mobilize, juxtapose and keep together the elements that will constitute, after all, a forensic report. That being said, it is assumed from the start that law and science are not separated instances, but are coproduced. Therefore, I seek to potentiate the forensic reports through the description of the network that enables their production. I start with the hypothesis that the reports are not only a process of purification, but the complexification of a network that, by the end of the process, results in a punctualised actor that performs an ordering of reality aligned with a specific ontological politic. It is believed that, through this research, it will be possible to complexify the discussions raised by Brazilian Anthropology about the production of justice and science and to nurture the political debate about the limitations and potentialities of the usage of scientific evidence in Brazilian courts.

Esta dissertação tem como temática a relação entre a Antropologia do Direito e os Estudos Sociais da Ciência e da Tecnologia no que tange a produção de laudos periciais por peritos criminais federais. Tendo o Grupo de Perícias de Laboratório do Setor Técnico-Científico da Superintendência Regional do Departamento de Polícia Federal de Porto Alegre como local privilegiado de observação, busca-se problematizar as relações entre ciência e direito assim como compreender, através do acompanhamento dos peritos criminais federais na sua atividade cotidiana, como atores e organizações mobilizam, justapõem e mantêm unidos os elementos para constituir, ao fim, um laudo pericial. Nesse sentido, parte-se da perspectiva de que as esferas do direito e da ciência não estão separadas, mas são coproduzidas. Logo, procura-se potencializar os laudos periciais através da descrição da rede que envolve a sua produção. Parte-se da hipótese de que os laudos não são apenas um processo de purificação, mas a complexificação de uma rede que, ao final, resulta em um ator pontualizado, sendo que este performatiza um ordenamento da realidade condizente com uma ontologia política específica. Acredita-se que, através dessa pesquisa, poder-se-á complexificar as discussões já alçadas pela Antropologia Brasileira sobre a produção de justiça e de ciência, assim como alimentar o debate político sobre os limites e as potencialidades dos usos de provas científicas nos tribunais brasileiros. / This dissertation is about the relation between the Anthropology of Law and Rights studies and the Social Studies of Science and Technology regarding the production of forensic reports by federal forensic investigators. Having the Forensic Laboratory of the Techno-scientific Bureau of the Regional Superintendence of the Federal Police Department (SETEC/SR/DPF) at Porto Alegre city as a privileged observation site, I seek to discuss the relationship between the science and the law as well as to complexify, while observing the everyday tasks of the forensic investigators, how actors and organizations mobilize, juxtapose and keep together the elements that will constitute, after all, a forensic report. That being said, it is assumed from the start that law and science are not separated instances, but are coproduced. Therefore, I seek to potentiate the forensic reports through the description of the network that enables their production. I start with the hypothesis that the reports are not only a process of purification, but the complexification of a network that, by the end of the process, results in a punctualised actor that performs an ordering of reality aligned with a specific ontological politic. It is believed that, through this research, it will be possible to complexify the discussions raised by Brazilian Anthropology about the production of justice and science and to nurture the political debate about the limitations and potentialities of the usage of scientific evidence in Brazilian courts.

Esta dissertação tem como temática a relação entre a Antropologia do Direito e os Estudos Sociais da Ciência e da Tecnologia no que tange a produção de laudos periciais por peritos criminais federais. Tendo o Grupo de Perícias de Laboratório do Setor Técnico-Científico da Superintendência Regional do Departamento de Polícia Federal de Porto Alegre como local privilegiado de observação, busca-se problematizar as relações entre ciência e direito assim como compreender, através do acompanhamento dos peritos criminais federais na sua atividade cotidiana, como atores e organizações mobilizam, justapõem e mantêm unidos os elementos para constituir, ao fim, um laudo pericial. Nesse sentido, parte-se da perspectiva de que as esferas do direito e da ciência não estão separadas, mas são coproduzidas. Logo, procura-se potencializar os laudos periciais através da descrição da rede que envolve a sua produção. Parte-se da hipótese de que os laudos não são apenas um processo de purificação, mas a complexificação de uma rede que, ao final, resulta em um ator pontualizado, sendo que este performatiza um ordenamento da realidade condizente com uma ontologia política específica. Acredita-se que, através dessa pesquisa, poder-se-á complexificar as discussões já alçadas pela Antropologia Brasileira sobre a produção de justiça e de ciência, assim como alimentar o debate político sobre os limites e as potencialidades dos usos de provas científicas nos tribunais brasileiros. / This dissertation is about the relation between the Anthropology of Law and Rights studies and the Social Studies of Science and Technology regarding the production of forensic reports by federal forensic investigators. Having the Forensic Laboratory of the Techno-scientific Bureau of the Regional Superintendence of the Federal Police Department (SETEC/SR/DPF) at Porto Alegre city as a privileged observation site, I seek to discuss the relationship between the science and the law as well as to complexify, while observing the everyday tasks of the forensic investigators, how actors and organizations mobilize, juxtapose and keep together the elements that will constitute, after all, a forensic report. That being said, it is assumed from the start that law and science are not separated instances, but are coproduced. Therefore, I seek to potentiate the forensic reports through the description of the network that enables their production. I start with the hypothesis that the reports are not only a process of purification, but the complexification of a network that, by the end of the process, results in a punctualised actor that performs an ordering of reality aligned with a specific ontological politic. It is believed that, through this research, it will be possible to complexify the discussions raised by Brazilian Anthropology about the production of justice and science and to nurture the political debate about the limitations and potentialities of the usage of scientific evidence in Brazilian courts.