The aim of this thesis, which is based on one-year participant observation in Petřín (a public park in the centre of Prague), is to approach key processes for creating and maintenance of this space in symmetrical-anthropological way. The park is not consider to be mere static background for human interaction, but, reversely, hybrid dynamical process created through a wide actor-web of both material and immaterial matter. The park is not just a public, thus human, space but a space shared by a great variety of actors. Among this hybrid actors human is the one who holds the power over park management, who can include, or reversely, exclude chosen actors from participation and maintenance of this space. The author of this thesis tries to answer the question: What is the basis for this kind of decisions? Who shall be given the "right to Petřín"? From which power position? The author argues that these decisions are politicised in all cases because there is no possibility to describe the complicated reality of Petřín in exhaustive scientific way and make ever-lasting claims about it. For this reason, all those decisions originate in historically particular context. As a consequence of some actors exclusion there is a threat of dissolution of both cultural and biological diversity of this space. Key words:...

O trabalho focaliza as controvérsias que se seguem ao evento da epidemia de cóleramorbus deflagrada na província de Pernambuco no ano de 1855, em torno de práticas e terapias que foram mobilizadas no combate à moléstia. O fio condutor da análise são os embates que se estabeleceram entre a medicina acadêmica e outras formas terapêuticas - particularmente de homeopatas, leigos, negros e índios. Adicionalmente, o trabalho procura pontos de intersecção entre a emergência de um projeto moderno de medicina e a religião, acompanhando a reflexão e a prática produzidas pelos missionários capuchinhos italianos sobre a epidemia. / The work focuses on the controversy following the event of the epidemic of choleramorbus triggered in the province of Pernambuco in the year 1855, around practices and therapies that have been mobilized to fight the disease. The guiding thread of the analysis are the shocks that have been established between academic medicine and other therapeutic methods - particularly of homeopaths, lay people, blacks and indians. Additionally, the work searches points of intersection between the emergence of a modern project of medicine and religion, accompanying the reflection and practice produced by italian capuchin missionaries on the epidemic.

O trabalho focaliza as controvérsias que se seguem ao evento da epidemia de cóleramorbus deflagrada na província de Pernambuco no ano de 1855, em torno de práticas e terapias que foram mobilizadas no combate à moléstia. O fio condutor da análise são os embates que se estabeleceram entre a medicina acadêmica e outras formas terapêuticas - particularmente de homeopatas, leigos, negros e índios. Adicionalmente, o trabalho procura pontos de intersecção entre a emergência de um projeto moderno de medicina e a religião, acompanhando a reflexão e a prática produzidas pelos missionários capuchinhos italianos sobre a epidemia. / The work focuses on the controversy following the event of the epidemic of choleramorbus triggered in the province of Pernambuco in the year 1855, around practices and therapies that have been mobilized to fight the disease. The guiding thread of the analysis are the shocks that have been established between academic medicine and other therapeutic methods - particularly of homeopaths, lay people, blacks and indians. Additionally, the work searches points of intersection between the emergence of a modern project of medicine and religion, accompanying the reflection and practice produced by italian capuchin missionaries on the epidemic.

Esta dissertação tem como temática a relação entre a Antropologia do Direito e os Estudos Sociais da Ciência e da Tecnologia no que tange a produção de laudos periciais por peritos criminais federais. Tendo o Grupo de Perícias de Laboratório do Setor Técnico-Científico da Superintendência Regional do Departamento de Polícia Federal de Porto Alegre como local privilegiado de observação, busca-se problematizar as relações entre ciência e direito assim como compreender, através do acompanhamento dos peritos criminais federais na sua atividade cotidiana, como atores e organizações mobilizam, justapõem e mantêm unidos os elementos para constituir, ao fim, um laudo pericial. Nesse sentido, parte-se da perspectiva de que as esferas do direito e da ciência não estão separadas, mas são coproduzidas. Logo, procura-se potencializar os laudos periciais através da descrição da rede que envolve a sua produção. Parte-se da hipótese de que os laudos não são apenas um processo de purificação, mas a complexificação de uma rede que, ao final, resulta em um ator pontualizado, sendo que este performatiza um ordenamento da realidade condizente com uma ontologia política específica. Acredita-se que, através dessa pesquisa, poder-se-á complexificar as discussões já alçadas pela Antropologia Brasileira sobre a produção de justiça e de ciência, assim como alimentar o debate político sobre os limites e as potencialidades dos usos de provas científicas nos tribunais brasileiros. / This dissertation is about the relation between the Anthropology of Law and Rights studies and the Social Studies of Science and Technology regarding the production of forensic reports by federal forensic investigators. Having the Forensic Laboratory of the Techno-scientific Bureau of the Regional Superintendence of the Federal Police Department (SETEC/SR/DPF) at Porto Alegre city as a privileged observation site, I seek to discuss the relationship between the science and the law as well as to complexify, while observing the everyday tasks of the forensic investigators, how actors and organizations mobilize, juxtapose and keep together the elements that will constitute, after all, a forensic report. That being said, it is assumed from the start that law and science are not separated instances, but are coproduced. Therefore, I seek to potentiate the forensic reports through the description of the network that enables their production. I start with the hypothesis that the reports are not only a process of purification, but the complexification of a network that, by the end of the process, results in a punctualised actor that performs an ordering of reality aligned with a specific ontological politic. It is believed that, through this research, it will be possible to complexify the discussions raised by Brazilian Anthropology about the production of justice and science and to nurture the political debate about the limitations and potentialities of the usage of scientific evidence in Brazilian courts.

Esta dissertação tem como temática a relação entre a Antropologia do Direito e os Estudos Sociais da Ciência e da Tecnologia no que tange a produção de laudos periciais por peritos criminais federais. Tendo o Grupo de Perícias de Laboratório do Setor Técnico-Científico da Superintendência Regional do Departamento de Polícia Federal de Porto Alegre como local privilegiado de observação, busca-se problematizar as relações entre ciência e direito assim como compreender, através do acompanhamento dos peritos criminais federais na sua atividade cotidiana, como atores e organizações mobilizam, justapõem e mantêm unidos os elementos para constituir, ao fim, um laudo pericial. Nesse sentido, parte-se da perspectiva de que as esferas do direito e da ciência não estão separadas, mas são coproduzidas. Logo, procura-se potencializar os laudos periciais através da descrição da rede que envolve a sua produção. Parte-se da hipótese de que os laudos não são apenas um processo de purificação, mas a complexificação de uma rede que, ao final, resulta em um ator pontualizado, sendo que este performatiza um ordenamento da realidade condizente com uma ontologia política específica. Acredita-se que, através dessa pesquisa, poder-se-á complexificar as discussões já alçadas pela Antropologia Brasileira sobre a produção de justiça e de ciência, assim como alimentar o debate político sobre os limites e as potencialidades dos usos de provas científicas nos tribunais brasileiros. / This dissertation is about the relation between the Anthropology of Law and Rights studies and the Social Studies of Science and Technology regarding the production of forensic reports by federal forensic investigators. Having the Forensic Laboratory of the Techno-scientific Bureau of the Regional Superintendence of the Federal Police Department (SETEC/SR/DPF) at Porto Alegre city as a privileged observation site, I seek to discuss the relationship between the science and the law as well as to complexify, while observing the everyday tasks of the forensic investigators, how actors and organizations mobilize, juxtapose and keep together the elements that will constitute, after all, a forensic report. That being said, it is assumed from the start that law and science are not separated instances, but are coproduced. Therefore, I seek to potentiate the forensic reports through the description of the network that enables their production. I start with the hypothesis that the reports are not only a process of purification, but the complexification of a network that, by the end of the process, results in a punctualised actor that performs an ordering of reality aligned with a specific ontological politic. It is believed that, through this research, it will be possible to complexify the discussions raised by Brazilian Anthropology about the production of justice and science and to nurture the political debate about the limitations and potentialities of the usage of scientific evidence in Brazilian courts.

Esta dissertação tem como temática a relação entre a Antropologia do Direito e os Estudos Sociais da Ciência e da Tecnologia no que tange a produção de laudos periciais por peritos criminais federais. Tendo o Grupo de Perícias de Laboratório do Setor Técnico-Científico da Superintendência Regional do Departamento de Polícia Federal de Porto Alegre como local privilegiado de observação, busca-se problematizar as relações entre ciência e direito assim como compreender, através do acompanhamento dos peritos criminais federais na sua atividade cotidiana, como atores e organizações mobilizam, justapõem e mantêm unidos os elementos para constituir, ao fim, um laudo pericial. Nesse sentido, parte-se da perspectiva de que as esferas do direito e da ciência não estão separadas, mas são coproduzidas. Logo, procura-se potencializar os laudos periciais através da descrição da rede que envolve a sua produção. Parte-se da hipótese de que os laudos não são apenas um processo de purificação, mas a complexificação de uma rede que, ao final, resulta em um ator pontualizado, sendo que este performatiza um ordenamento da realidade condizente com uma ontologia política específica. Acredita-se que, através dessa pesquisa, poder-se-á complexificar as discussões já alçadas pela Antropologia Brasileira sobre a produção de justiça e de ciência, assim como alimentar o debate político sobre os limites e as potencialidades dos usos de provas científicas nos tribunais brasileiros. / This dissertation is about the relation between the Anthropology of Law and Rights studies and the Social Studies of Science and Technology regarding the production of forensic reports by federal forensic investigators. Having the Forensic Laboratory of the Techno-scientific Bureau of the Regional Superintendence of the Federal Police Department (SETEC/SR/DPF) at Porto Alegre city as a privileged observation site, I seek to discuss the relationship between the science and the law as well as to complexify, while observing the everyday tasks of the forensic investigators, how actors and organizations mobilize, juxtapose and keep together the elements that will constitute, after all, a forensic report. That being said, it is assumed from the start that law and science are not separated instances, but are coproduced. Therefore, I seek to potentiate the forensic reports through the description of the network that enables their production. I start with the hypothesis that the reports are not only a process of purification, but the complexification of a network that, by the end of the process, results in a punctualised actor that performs an ordering of reality aligned with a specific ontological politic. It is believed that, through this research, it will be possible to complexify the discussions raised by Brazilian Anthropology about the production of justice and science and to nurture the political debate about the limitations and potentialities of the usage of scientific evidence in Brazilian courts.

Comment humains et chimpanzés définissent et brouillent les frontières entre leurs espèces lors de leurs interactions ? Tel sera le leitmotiv de notre étho-ethnographie, à l’intersection de l’anthropologie sociale, des études des sciences, et de la primatologie. Au fondement de cette recherche se trouve un travail de terrain de longue durée mené dans un laboratoire de sciences cognitives situé au Japon, au sein duquel sont enseignées aux chimpanzés des compétences langagières dans le but de caractériser leur monde perceptuel. Cependant, au cœur même du contexte ce laboratoire, la nature des relations entre humains et chimpanzés est un aspect crucial de ce programme de recherche ; les deux espèces y forment une communauté hybride faite d’affects, de relations sociales et de collaboration scientifique. Afin de fournir une étude comparative, nous avons également mené une série d’ethnographies plus brèves – sur le modèle de la méthodologie multi-site – en observant cette même problématique à l’œuvre au sein de diverses institutions au Japon - zoo, sanctuaires et réserves - ainsi qu’au sein de la station japonaise pour l’étude de la culture des chimpanzés qui se trouve à Bossou, en République de Guinée. En outre, ce travail narre l’expérience que nous avons faite de devenir expérimentatrice au sein du laboratoire étudié. Le résultat en est multiple. Nous commencerons par explorer l’histoire des études sur les chimpanzés menées à l’Institut de Recherche sur les Primates de l’Université de Kyoto (KUPRI) ainsi que les pratiques de soin et de recherche qui s’y sont mises en place. Ensuite, nous étudierons les dynamiques qui caractérisent (1) les frontières physiques, lors d’interactions sociales entre deux espèces qui peuvent s’avérer dangereuses, (2) les frontières expérimentales, lorsque le chimpanzé n’est pas seulement celui qui fait l’objet d’une expérience mais qui met également à l’épreuve son expérimentateur, (3) et les frontières symboliques, lorsqu’est interrogée la définition de la « personne » humaine et non humaine. Ainsi, quatre points principaux sont examinés à nouveaux frais, en particulier (a) la socialisation interspécifique (b) l’incarnation des relations inter-espèces dans un espace donné (c) les relations inter-espèces dans un contexte scientifique (d) l’examen de perspectives zoocentrées sur la « personne ». Nous conclurons avec l’évocation de nos espoirs et de nos attentes quant à un dialogue fructueux entre les différentes disciplines en jeu. L’apport de ce travail consistera en effet à mobiliser des concepts et des outils de la primatologie et des sciences sociales afin de proposer une analyse plus symétrique des relations entre humains et animaux. / How do humans and chimpanzees set and blur boundaries between species when interacting with each other? This is the leitmotif of this etho-ethnography at the intersection of social anthropology, social studies of science and primatology. This endeavor is based on long-term fieldwork conducted in a cognitive sciences laboratory in Japan, which teaches chimpanzees language-like skills as means to understand their perceptual world. However, in this laboratory setting, the human-chimpanzee relationship is a vital part of the research philosophy and both species constitute a hybrid community of affections, social relationships, and scientific partnering. As a comparative effort, a short-term multi-sited ethnography was conducted following the theme across institutions in Japan of zoo, sanctuary and field-site type, in addition to the Japanese field station for the study of chimpanzee culture, in Bossou, Africa. Moreover, this work draws on the experience of becoming, at the same time, an experimenter in the targeted laboratory. The result is multifold. We shall explore first, the history as well as the caretaking and research practices in chimpanzee studies at the Primate Research Institute of Kyoto University (KUPRI). Then, we shall investigate the dynamics of physical boundaries in dangerous interspecies social interactions; the experimental boundaries of testing and being tested by chimpanzees; and the symbolic boundaries concerning human and nonhuman personhood. As a result, four major points are brought to light in a renewed perspective, namely (a) interspecies socialization (b) the embodiment of interspecies social relations in space (c) interspecies social relations in scientific settings (d) animalcentric perspectives on personhood. We conclude with the hopes and prospects for a fruitful dialogue across disciplines. Overall, the differential endeavor of this work consists in mobilizing concepts and tools from both primatology and social sciences to propose a more symmetric analysis of the human-animal relationship.