A rede de Petri consiste numa poderosa ferramenta gráfica e matemática, que tem sido desenvolvida e aprimorada para a modelagem e análise de sistemas de eventos discretos. Uma das suas limitações é a profusão de elementos gráficos para modelos relativamente grandes. Algumas redes de Petri interpretadas consistem em propostas que visam sanar este tipo de problema. Este trabalho tem por objetivo implementar um framework de edição e análise gráfica de redes de Petri, a partir de técnicas de reutilização de código como padrões de projeto. Assim, foi proposto um software aberto que viabiliza o processo de contínuo desenvolvimento, promovendo a inclusão, reutilização e aperfeiçoamento de funcionalidades. Como resultado foi possível incorporar a edição de outros tipos de redes de Petri, principalmente as interpretadas, através da reutilização de funcionalidades matemáticas e de edição gráfica da rede de Petri Lugar/Transição. / The Petri net is a powerfuI graphical and mathematical tool, which has been developed and improved to the modeling and analysis of Discrete Event Systems. One of its limitations is the large profusion of graphic elements in complex models. Some interpreted Petri nets consist in proposals to solve this kind of limitation. This work\'s main goal is to implement a Petri net graphical editor and analyzer framework, using concepts of code reuse and design patterns. In this way, an open-software was proposed, which enables the continuous development process, providing the inclusion, reuse and improvement of functionalities. As a result, it was possible to incorporate the edition of some Petri net extensions, essentially the interpreted, through the reuse of mathematical and graphical edition functionalities of Place/Transition Petri net.

A rede de Petri consiste numa poderosa ferramenta gráfica e matemática, que tem sido desenvolvida e aprimorada para a modelagem e análise de sistemas de eventos discretos. Uma das suas limitações é a profusão de elementos gráficos para modelos relativamente grandes. Algumas redes de Petri interpretadas consistem em propostas que visam sanar este tipo de problema. Este trabalho tem por objetivo implementar um framework de edição e análise gráfica de redes de Petri, a partir de técnicas de reutilização de código como padrões de projeto. Assim, foi proposto um software aberto que viabiliza o processo de contínuo desenvolvimento, promovendo a inclusão, reutilização e aperfeiçoamento de funcionalidades. Como resultado foi possível incorporar a edição de outros tipos de redes de Petri, principalmente as interpretadas, através da reutilização de funcionalidades matemáticas e de edição gráfica da rede de Petri Lugar/Transição. / The Petri net is a powerfuI graphical and mathematical tool, which has been developed and improved to the modeling and analysis of Discrete Event Systems. One of its limitations is the large profusion of graphic elements in complex models. Some interpreted Petri nets consist in proposals to solve this kind of limitation. This work\'s main goal is to implement a Petri net graphical editor and analyzer framework, using concepts of code reuse and design patterns. In this way, an open-software was proposed, which enables the continuous development process, providing the inclusion, reuse and improvement of functionalities. As a result, it was possible to incorporate the edition of some Petri net extensions, essentially the interpreted, through the reuse of mathematical and graphical edition functionalities of Place/Transition Petri net.

Η εργασία ασχολείται με διάφορα εμπορικά εργαλεία αξιολόγησης λογισμικού (τόσο ανοιχτού κώδικα όσο και επί πληρωμή). Επίσης έγιναν δοκιμαστικές αναλύσεις μεγάλων εμπορικών προγραμμάτων και συγκριτικές αξιολογήσεις. Τέλος στα πλαίσια της εργασίας αναπτύχθηκε εργαλείο στατικής ανάλυσης λογισμικού. / This thesis is occupied with various tools for software analysis(both open source and paid tools).Also large software programms have been tested and analyzed and results evaluated and compared.Finally a static software analysis tool has been developed.

<p>This report deals with the attitudes within municipalities of open source software and open standards and if open source software may be an option to gain open standards. The aim has been to find out if open source software and open standards would be able to solve the lock-in problems that municipalities have against proprietary software. The study is conducted as an exploratory, inductive and qualitative study with depth interviews of subjectively selected informants as data collection method. A literature review has also been implemented by the relevant books and articles. Some economic determinants of municipalities to make use of open source software have not been considered in this study. The informants used in this study are all IT managers in a Swedish municipality and our key informants have been selected in a subjective manner based on the expertise they have in the subject. The conclusions drawn were that municipalities have been difficult to define standards and open standards, and that they do not automatically see the connection between open standards and open software. They also see different areas of interest for standardization.</p> / <p>Denna rapport tar upp kommuners inställning till öppna program och öppna standarder och om öppen programvara kan vara ett alternativ för att få öppna standarder. Syftet har varit att ta reda på om öppna program och öppna standarder skulle kunna lösa de problem som kommuner har med inlåsningar mot proprietär programvara. Studien är genomförd som en explorativ, induktiv och kvalitativ studie med djupintervju av subjektivt utvalda informanter som datainsamlingsmetod. En litteraturgranskning har också genomförts av relevanta böcker och artiklar. Några ekonomiska faktorer för kommuner att använda sig av öppen programvara har inte beaktats i denna studie. De informanter som använts i denna studie är alla ITchefer inom någon svensk kommun och nyckelinformanterna har valts ut på ett subjektivt sätt utifrån den expertkunskap de besitter inom ämnet. Slutsatserna som drogs var att kommuner har svårt att definiera standarder och öppna standarder, och att de inte med automatik ser kopplingen mellan öppna standarder och öppen programvara. De ser också olika områden som intressanta för en standardisering.</p>

In this report, two methods for three-dimensional modeling are evaluated against each other. The first method is terrestrial laser scanning (LiDAR) that uses a laser beam to record the surrounding environment, and the second one is called Structure from Motion (SfM). The SfM technique works on the same bases as photogrammetry, which is that an object of interest is photographed from multiple angles with overlapping images and mutual points are identified and used to create a three- dimensional model. Since both the equipment and the software used to produce LiDAR models are very expensive the main thought of this project was to produce the SfM model using a cellphone camera and free open source software. The study was carried out in such a way that a “before and after” -model was generated of a small snowy mound to see how well the SfM method performed compared to the LiDAR method. The final result revealed that SfM method deviated with approximately 8mm from the LiDAR method. One of the main difficulties during this project was to correctly reference the models against exact coordinate, which also could have been one reason to why the two models differed the way they did. Taking into consideration the user-friendliness and the low cost of the SfM method, it is a very promising tool for earth science related field research. / I denna rapport så kommer två metoder för att framställa tredimensionella modeller att jämföras mot varandra. Den ena metoden är markbunden laserscanning (LiDAR), vilket använder sig av en scanner som skickar ut en laserstråle som scannar av omgivningen. Den andra metoden använder en teknik som kallas för ”Structure-from- Motion” (SfM). SfMs grunder bygger på samma teknik som används inom fotogrammetri, vilket är att objektet av intresse fotograferas, med en vanlig kamera, med ett flertal överlappande bilder och gemensamma punkter i dessa bilder används för att producera en tredimensionell modell. Då både utrustning och programvaran för att producera laserscanningar är mycket kostsamma så är grundtanken med denna undersökning att endast använda en mobiltelefonkamera och gratis öppen källkod programvara för att producera SfM modellen. Själva undersökningen gick till på så sätt att en ”före och efter” modell skapades av en snöhög med båda teknikerna för att se hur bra SfM förhöll sig mot LiDAR metoden. Resultatet visade sig att SfM metoden avvek från LiDAR-resultatet med ungefär 8mm. En av de största svårigheterna med detta projekt var att korrekt referera modellerna till exakta koordinater, vilket även kan vara en av orsakerna till att modellerna inte korrelerade med varandra helt och hållet. Med tanke på användarvänligheten och kostnaden för SfM metoden så är detta ett mycket lovande verktyg för användning inom geovetenskap.

This report deals with the attitudes within municipalities of open source software and open standards and if open source software may be an option to gain open standards. The aim has been to find out if open source software and open standards would be able to solve the lock-in problems that municipalities have against proprietary software. The study is conducted as an exploratory, inductive and qualitative study with depth interviews of subjectively selected informants as data collection method. A literature review has also been implemented by the relevant books and articles. Some economic determinants of municipalities to make use of open source software have not been considered in this study. The informants used in this study are all IT managers in a Swedish municipality and our key informants have been selected in a subjective manner based on the expertise they have in the subject. The conclusions drawn were that municipalities have been difficult to define standards and open standards, and that they do not automatically see the connection between open standards and open software. They also see different areas of interest for standardization. / Denna rapport tar upp kommuners inställning till öppna program och öppna standarder och om öppen programvara kan vara ett alternativ för att få öppna standarder. Syftet har varit att ta reda på om öppna program och öppna standarder skulle kunna lösa de problem som kommuner har med inlåsningar mot proprietär programvara. Studien är genomförd som en explorativ, induktiv och kvalitativ studie med djupintervju av subjektivt utvalda informanter som datainsamlingsmetod. En litteraturgranskning har också genomförts av relevanta böcker och artiklar. Några ekonomiska faktorer för kommuner att använda sig av öppen programvara har inte beaktats i denna studie. De informanter som använts i denna studie är alla ITchefer inom någon svensk kommun och nyckelinformanterna har valts ut på ett subjektivt sätt utifrån den expertkunskap de besitter inom ämnet. Slutsatserna som drogs var att kommuner har svårt att definiera standarder och öppna standarder, och att de inte med automatik ser kopplingen mellan öppna standarder och öppen programvara. De ser också olika områden som intressanta för en standardisering.

To offer customisable software, there are two main concepts yet: software product lines that allow the product customisation based on a fixed set of variability and software ecosystems, allowing an open product customisation based on a common platform. Offering a software family that enables external developers to supply software artefacts means to offer a common platform as part of an ecosystem and to sacrifice variability control. Keeping full variability control means to offer a customisable product as a product line, but without the support for external contributors. This thesis proposes a third concept of variable software: partly open software families. They combine a customisable platform similar to product lines with controlled openness similar to ecosystems. As a major contribution of this thesis a variability modelling concept is proposed which is part of a variability management for these partly open software families. This modelling concept is based on feature models and extends them to support open variability modelling by means of interfaces, structural interface specifications and the inclusion of semantic information. Additionally, the introduction of a rights management allows multiple contributors to work with the model. This is required to enable external developers to use the model for the concrete extension development. The feasibility of the proposed model is evaluated using a prototypically developed modelling tool and by means of a case study based on a car infotainment system.

To offer customisable software, there are two main concepts yet: software product lines that allow the product customisation based on a fixed set of variability and software ecosystems, allowing an open product customisation based on a common platform. Offering a software family that enables external developers to supply software artefacts means to offer a common platform as part of an ecosystem and to sacrifice variability control. Keeping full variability control means to offer a customisable product as a product line, but without the support for external contributors. This thesis proposes a third concept of variable software: partly open software families. They combine a customisable platform similar to product lines with controlled openness similar to ecosystems. As a major contribution of this thesis a variability modelling concept is proposed which is part of a variability management for these partly open software families. This modelling concept is based on feature models and extends them to support open variability modelling by means of interfaces, structural interface specifications and the inclusion of semantic information. Additionally, the introduction of a rights management allows multiple contributors to work with the model. This is required to enable external developers to use the model for the concrete extension development. The feasibility of the proposed model is evaluated using a prototypically developed modelling tool and by means of a case study based on a car infotainment system.

<div>Graph-structured data is pervasive. Modeling large-scale network-structured datasets require graph processing and management systems such as graph databases. Further, the analysis of graph-structured data often necessitates bulk downloads/uploads from/to the cloud or edge nodes. Unfortunately, experience has shown that malicious actors can compromise the confidentiality of highly-sensitive data stored in the cloud or shared nodes, even in an encrypted form. For particular use cases —multi-modal knowledge graphs, electronic health records, finance— network-structured datasets can be highly sensitive and require auditability, authentication, integrity protection, and privacy-preserving computation in a controlled and trusted environment, i.e., the traditional cloud computation is not suitable for these use cases. Similarly, many modern applications utilize a "shared, replicated database" approach to provide accountability and traceability. Those applications often suffer from significant privacy issues because every node in the network can access a copy of relevant contract code and data to guarantee the integrity of transactions and reach consensus, even in the presence of malicious actors.</div><div><br></div><div>This dissertation proposes breaking from the traditional cloud computation model, and instead ship certified pre-approved trusted code closer to the data to protect graph-structured data confidentiality. Further, our technique runs in a controlled environment in a trusted data owner node and provides proof of correct code execution. This computation can be audited in the future and provides the building block to automate a variety of real use cases that require preserving data ownership. This project utilizes trusted execution environments (TEEs) but does not rely solely on TEE's architecture to provide privacy for data and code. We thoughtfully examine the drawbacks of using trusted execution environments in cloud environments. Similarly, we analyze the privacy challenges exposed by the use of blockchain technologies to provide accountability and traceability.</div><div><br></div><div>First, we propose AGAPECert, an Auditable, Generalized, Automated, Privacy-Enabling, Certification framework capable of performing auditable computation on private graph-structured data and reporting real-time aggregate certification status without disclosing underlying private graph-structured data. AGAPECert utilizes a novel mix of trusted execution environments, blockchain technologies, and a real-time graph-based API standard to provide automated, oblivious, and auditable certification. This dissertation includes the invention of two core concepts that provide accountability, data provenance, and automation for the certification process: Oblivious Smart Contracts and Private Automated Certifications. Second, we contribute an auditable and integrity-preserving graph processing model called AuditGraph.io. AuditGraph.io utilizes a unique block-based layout and a multi-modal knowledge graph, potentially improving access locality, encryption, and integrity of highly-sensitive graph-structured data. Third, we contribute a unique data store and compute engine that facilitates the analysis and presentation of graph-structured data, i.e., TruenoDB. TruenoDB offers better throughput than the state-of-the-art. Finally, this dissertation proposes integrity-preserving streaming frameworks at the edge of the network with a personalized graph-based object lookup.</div>