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Syfte:Syftet med denna studie är att öka kunskap om Open Spacemetoden samt för att se hur kreativ och effektiv den är i ettgruppsammanhang. Vi kan tillföra metoder som verksamheter kanta som hjälpverktyg och komma fram till fler lösningar på problemgenom Open Space metoden och bidra med verksamhetsutveckling. Teori:I teorikapitlet beskrivs de teorier som är grunden till dennauppsats. Vår teori bygger på kurslitteratur och vetenskapligaartiklar för att kunna beskriva innovation, kreativitet ochmotivation. Metod:Författarna har varit med i Eskilstuna kommun,vuxenförvaltningens möten vid ett tillfälle. Detta var ettobservationsmöte där författarna satt och observerade deltagarna imötet samt hur de gick till väga med sina problem. Sedanarrangerade författarna en workshop där de fick prova en metodsom kallas Open Space. Empiri/Analys:Vår empiri/analys är indelat i tre delar: ena delen är empiri avvideo, andra delen är en enkätundersökning och den tredje delen ärintervjun. Med hjälp av teorin har författarna analyserat delarna. Diskussion:Vi genomförde en workshop med Eskilstuna kommun med hjälpav metoden Open Space. Under hela workshopen hade deltagarnaett huvudtema att besvara. ”Hur kan vi hitta nya vägar för attkunna anpassa arbetet efter individer och inte kön?” Idiskussionskapitlet redogörs för studiens slutsatser och studiensbetydelse. Slutsatserna knyter vi ihop genom de tre indikatorerna”deltagande, lösning och bedömning”.

Thesis advisor: Brian Gareau / Thesis advisor: Juliet Schor / This research seeks to understand how, if at all, access to green and open spaces impacts community well-being. Although much work has been done in the environmental justice sector on the disproportionate distribution of amenities in low-income communities, these studies have focused mainly on the negatives such as toxics and pollutants. This research is important because it seeks to understand the importance of environmental amenities that are not available to these populations. In order to understand this relationship, I conducted in-depth interviews with nine community members and observed at four green or open spaces. As a result of the above procedures, I found that green and open spaces not only have a positive impact on community well-being, but they influence personal well-being as well. Personal well-being is enhanced by activities that foster perceived mental and physical health for individuals, while community well-being has been linked to the ability to participate in social encounters with others. Although there are many other factors that inevitably provide well-being, it is important to note that all of my interviewees believed green and open spaces in their community were a prominent contributor. This research enhances the understanding of the less visible environmental injustices low-income communities suffer. I hope that this study serves as a catalyst for future research on a larger scale that will prove the importance of access to these areas. It is my hope that cities will begin to plan their parks and open spaces in ways that will benefit the most people and that areas where space is an issue will begin to create small green areas wherever possible. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2011. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Sociology Honors Program. / Discipline: Sociology.

<p>The objective of this master thesis was to study the relation between public green open space and health among adolescents in Uppsala municipality, Sweden. The aim of the study was to investigate if there is an association between the access to green open space in the living environment and adolescent´s health, in terms of fysical activity, self- reported health and overweight. The public health questionnaire ”Liv och Hälsa Ung 2009” provided data together with a map over public green space, where the measure taken into account is the proportion of public green space in the living environment. The study includes 3423 adolescents, 12-19 years old. The statistical results indicate that access to public green space in the living environment is genrally not correlated to the health variables studied in this thesis. The author´s interpretation is that other health determinants are more crucial to adolescent´s health than green space, parents educationlevel is sugested as one. Further research is needed to support the findings of this study.</p> / <p>Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka om det finns samband mellan tillgång till grönområden i boendeområdet och ungas hälsa (med avseende på fysisk aktivitet, självskattad hälsa och övervikt) i Uppsala kommun. Studien utgår i från redan befintliga data genom frågeformuläret ”Liv och Hälsa Ung 2009” som riktar sig till elever i årskurs 7 och 9 i högstadiet samt årskurs 2 i gymnasiet i Uppsala län. Studien omfattar 3423 elever i åldern 12-19 år. Med utgångspunkt i enkäten samt med hjälp av en karta över Uppsala kommuns grönområden undersöks måttet andel offentlig grönyta i boendeområden i förhållande till de valda hälsovariablerna. Sammanfattningsvis uppvisar resultatet få uppmätta samband mellan tillgång till grönområden i boendeområdet och de hälsovariabler som studerats. Författarens slutsats är att andra faktorer verkar vara viktigare för ungas hälsa, som exempelvis föräldrarnas utbildningsnivå. Det behövs dock fler studier genomföras för att bekräfta studiens fynd.</p>

The objective of this master thesis was to study the relation between public green open space and health among adolescents in Uppsala municipality, Sweden. The aim of the study was to investigate if there is an association between the access to green open space in the living environment and adolescent´s health, in terms of fysical activity, self- reported health and overweight. The public health questionnaire ”Liv och Hälsa Ung 2009” provided data together with a map over public green space, where the measure taken into account is the proportion of public green space in the living environment. The study includes 3423 adolescents, 12-19 years old. The statistical results indicate that access to public green space in the living environment is genrally not correlated to the health variables studied in this thesis. The author´s interpretation is that other health determinants are more crucial to adolescent´s health than green space, parents educationlevel is sugested as one. Further research is needed to support the findings of this study. / Syftet med föreliggande studie var att undersöka om det finns samband mellan tillgång till grönområden i boendeområdet och ungas hälsa (med avseende på fysisk aktivitet, självskattad hälsa och övervikt) i Uppsala kommun. Studien utgår i från redan befintliga data genom frågeformuläret ”Liv och Hälsa Ung 2009” som riktar sig till elever i årskurs 7 och 9 i högstadiet samt årskurs 2 i gymnasiet i Uppsala län. Studien omfattar 3423 elever i åldern 12-19 år. Med utgångspunkt i enkäten samt med hjälp av en karta över Uppsala kommuns grönområden undersöks måttet andel offentlig grönyta i boendeområden i förhållande till de valda hälsovariablerna. Sammanfattningsvis uppvisar resultatet få uppmätta samband mellan tillgång till grönområden i boendeområdet och de hälsovariabler som studerats. Författarens slutsats är att andra faktorer verkar vara viktigare för ungas hälsa, som exempelvis föräldrarnas utbildningsnivå. Det behövs dock fler studier genomföras för att bekräfta studiens fynd.

Different open space types are assumed to be valued in different ways by the public. This thesis analyzes four spatially explicit hedonic models of Baltimore County, Maryland to examine the effect of six different open spaces types on house value using 2007 sales data. The first model analyzes open space value using proximity measures of open spaces, while the other three models use percent area measures of open space at different neighborhood distance. Marginal monetary values of the open spaces are estimated. Additional eight hedonic models, four urban and four rural, are used to analyze the differences and similarities between the value placed on open space by urban dwellers and rural dwellers. Among the open space types under study, storm water retention area is found to have the most prevalent influence on house value and in most instants this influence is found to be negative. Differences and similarities in urban and rural perspective on open space value are also discussed. Proximity to lakes without improvements has positive effect on house prices for both rural and urban area. Golf course area in urban neighborhood has negative influence on house prices, whereas in rural area its influence is seen to be positive.

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China has experienced the rapid socioeconomic change that leads to the evolution of social and physical environment in urban neighborhoods. In recently built neighborhoods, residents lack mutual trust and a sense of community; the neighborhood open spaces have been improved but still do not function well for developing resident social capital. Social capital is a comprehensive concept for evaluating community development. The purpose of this study was to evaluate residents’ social capital in China’s urban context and to examine the relationships between social capital and neighborhood open spaces. The review of literature identified five interpersonal factors of social capital: social network, trust, security and safety, belongingness, and engagement, which were related to neighborhood physical environment. In the city of Guangzhou, two neighborhoods were selected as study fields and two hundred and fifty subjects were randomly selected in each neighborhood to participate in a questionnaire survey. More than 75% subjects returned questionnaires. Ten residents of them then participated in semi-structured interviews. Observation recorded residents’ activities in open spaces. Data were analyzed by statistical methods and domain analysis strategy. The results of statistical examinations demonstrated that residents living with a large number of neighborhood open spaces had higher degrees of social capital than residents lacking open spaces; residents using open spaces frequently developed higher degrees of social capital than residents using open spaces less; residents who were satisfied with their open spaces held higher degrees of social capital than those who were not satisfied with open spaces. Semi-structured interviews explained that well-designed open spaces attracted inhabitants to participate in outdoor activities, which encouraged social interaction among residents, enhanced their mutual trust, expanded social network, and strengthened belongingness to neighborhood. However, open spaces were found not to obviously improve resident engagement. Observations unveiled that a highly versatile and flexible outdoor space was the favorite place for residents of all ages.

This report looks at the system of alleys that exist in downtown Austin, Texas and proposes a way to integrate them into the open space network within the area by creating a series of alley connections. Through analysis of case studies from other cities and public space theories, alternative methods of use are suggested for implementation throughout the alley system, including “green”, activity based and pedestrian and bicycle priority throughways. The next steps needed to create a Downtown Alley Master Plan and begin alley renovations are also discussed. The renovation of spaces that typically contain unsightly uses and activities can help create attractive places for people to congregate rather than places that people generally avoid. / text

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