O trabalho reflete sobre a paisagem, o ambiente e os espaços livres de Suzano, município situado na bacia do Alto Tietê Cabeceiras, que faz parte da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo. Inicialmente, desenvolve-se a análise de conceitos voltados à ecologia de paisagens e do sistema de espaços livres públicos. Em seguida, faz-se uma aproximação da paisagem e do sistema de espaços livres do município, objetivando compreender a diversidade de suas paisagens, bem como do seu ambiente nos distritos que o compõem. Após esta compreensão retoma-se novamente o conceito voltado à ecologia de paisagens, para que este possa ser utilizado na constituição de uma proposta de sistema de espaços livres públicos para o território, buscando a valorização das suas paisagens, assim como do ambiente. Ao final, verifica-se quais são os entraves existentes na gestão pública, que dificultam a implementação de políticas ambientais no país. / The goal of this dissertation is to study the impact of landscape and open spaces on the environment in urban areas. The focus will be on the city of Suzano, which is located at the basin of Alto Tietê Cabeceiras and is part f the metropolitan region of São Paulo, Brazil. The first part of the study will focus on ecological concepts of landscapes and open spaces of the city. After, we aim to better understand the diversity of the open spaces within these territories and how they shape and mold the terrain and effect the local environment. Once an informed and educated analysis is achieved, the goal is then to establish a proposal to implement an open space program for the surrounding Suzano area that would both bring better quality of life and value to the city and their inhabitants. Finally, we plan to point out what obstacles and barriers might exist in within the government for implementation of these policies.

Les cimetières ont commencé à devenir une préoccupation majeure pour les planificateurs urbains à Jakarta en raison de la crise funéraire exprimée par les médias dans les années 2000. Les caractéristiques de Jakarta en tant que métropole densément peuplée et en tant que creuset multiculturel, ont mis la pression sur la fourniture d’espaces funéraires. Le but de cette thèse est d'analyser les défis posés par la gestion funéraire à Jakarta et les solutions trouvées pour faire face à ce problème. Mon approche est de voir Jakarta dans une optique évolutive, avec une analyse des différentes échelles de territoires : la région urbaine étendue, la ville et une région particulière. Une approche descriptive est employée pour tenter de définir la ville : une approche descriptive plus qualitative au niveau micro-régional et une approche plus quantitative au niveau macro-régional. Cette thèse souhaite contribuer aux études urbaines à Jakarta, notamment en ce qui concerne l'étude des funérailles. / Cemeteries have begun to become a concern for urban planners in Jakarta because of the crisis voiced by the media in the 2000s. The characteristics of Jakarta as a densely populated metropolitan and as a multicultural melting-pot, put pressure on the provision of funeral space. The aim of this thesis is to analyze the challenges in the funeral management in Jakarta and the adaptation of the community facing up with this problem. My approach is to study Jakarta through an evolutive lens, with an analysis of different scales of territories: extended urban area, the city, and a selected region. A quantitative descriptive approach is employed to check the characteristics of the city, while a more qualitative descriptive one is used to try understand the phenomenon of the chosen region. This thesis wishes to contribute to urban studies of Jakarta, especially regarding the funeral studies.

Esta dissertação possui dois objetivos: sistematizar informações sobre as edições centralizadas do Fórum Social Mundial e evidenciar quais são seus principais desafios e questões em aberto na segunda década do século XXI. A pesquisa parte da percepção de que grande parte da bibliografia de relevo sobre o movimento altermundialista - do qual o Fórum faz parte - foi produzida entre 2001 e 2006 e que, após esse período, houve uma diminuição na quantidade de pesquisas acadêmicas sobre o tema. Portanto, faz-se necessário atualizar a bibliografia e sistematizar os debates e os acontecimentos ocorridos a partir de 2006. De modo a imprimir um viés crítico às avaliações apologéticas à metodologia do \"espaço aberto\" que caracteriza o Fórum Social Mundial e a mais bem endereçar seus os desafios, que em parte decorrem de discordâncias em relação à metodologia, esta dissertação é atravessada, em seus três capítulos, pela constatação feita por April Biccum de que o Fórum é permeado pelo que denomina de ambivalência do espaço aberto. Tal ambivalência advém de um descompasso entre a abertura do Fórum e as cisões que ele mesmo produz em suas estruturas organizativas. Para alcançar os objetivos almejados, a dissertação apoia-se tanto na bibliografia textual produzida sobre o Fórum Social Mundial ao longo de sua trajetória quanto em dez entrevistas realizadas com pessoas que fazem ou fizeram parte da secretaria do Fórum, do Conselho Internacional e dos comitês organizadores das diversas edições mundiais do evento. / This thesis has two main purposes: systematizing the information regarding the centralized editions of the World Social Forum and evincing its major challenges and unresolved issues in the second decade of the 21st century. The research stems from the perception that most of the significant bibliography on the altermundialist movement - of which the Forum is a part - was produced between 2001 and 2006 and that, after this period, there has been a diminishment in the academic interest on the theme. Therefore, it is necessary to update the bibliography and systematize the debates and happenings that have been produced since 2006. In order to offer a critical view on the \"open space\" methodology that characterizes the World Social Forum and to better address its challenges - which, in part, come from disagreements on the methodology - the three chapters of this thesis are traversed by April Biccum\'s perception that the Forum is pervaded by what she denominates as the ambivalence of open space. Such an ambivalence derives from a mismatch between the openness of the Forum and the demerges produced in its organizing structures. To achieve its objectives, the thesis rests both on the textual bibliography on the World Social Forum and on ten interviews with people who are or who were part of the Forum\'s secretariat, of the International Council and of the organizing committees of the event\'s world editions.

Na recente história urbana, Palmas, a mais nova cidade planejada brasileira, se depara na atualidade com questões e conflitos que mesmo o planejamento urbano não conseguiu evitar. Este trabalho identifica a gênese urbana da Vila União, região de Palmas na qual o determinismo do plano confronta com formas espontâneas de apropriação, e cria uma nova face na conformação de lugares. Seu processo de ocupação construiu um espaço urbano específico, resultando em uma outra urbanidade. A contestação identitária configurou sua qualidade espacial, caracterizada pela esfera pública da vida cotidiana. A hipótese central que permeia este trabalho é que os lugares conformados nos limites entre o projeto urbano e os processos sociais, são os principais promotores dessa nova urbanidade. A dualidade entre urbanismo e urbanização proporcionou um caráter híbrido à cidade, evidenciando os processos culturais de construção do espaço. / In the recent urban history, Palmas, the newest Brazilian planned city, actually confront many questions that even the urban planning cannot avoid. This work aims identify the morphological genesis of Vila União, a neighborhood unity in Palmas, where the determinism of the plan confront with the spontaneous appropriations forms, and create a new face in the constitutions of places. Your occupation process built a specific urban space, resulting in urbanity. The identitary contestation configured your spatial quality, characterized by the public sphere of quotidian life. The central hypothesis that permeates this work is that places conformed between the urban design and the social process, are the principal urbanity promoters. The duality between urbanism and urbanization provides a hybrid character to the city, making evident the cultural process to built space.

abstract: Tempe experienced rapid growth in population and area from 1949 to 1975, stretching its resources thin and changing the character of the city. City boosters encouraged growth through the 1950s to safeguard Tempe’s borders against its larger neighbor, Phoenix. New residents moved to Tempe as it grew, expecting suburban amenities that the former agricultural supply town struggled to pay for and provide. After initially balking at taking responsibility for development of a park system, Tempe established a Parks and Recreation Department in 1958 and used parks as a main component in an evolving strategy for responding to rapid suburban growth. Through the 1960s and 1970s, Tempe pursued an ambitious goal of siting one park in each square mile of the city, planning for neighborhood parks to be paired with elementary schools and placed at the center of each Tempe neighborhood. The highly-publicized plan created a framework, based on the familiarity of public park spaces, that helped both long-time residents and recent transplants understand the new city form and participate in a changing community identity. As growth accelerated and subdivisions surged southward into the productive agricultural area that had driven Tempe’s economy for decades, the School-Park Policy faltered as a planning and community-building tool. Residents and city leaders struggled to reconcile the loss of agricultural land with the carefully maintained cultural narrative that connected Tempe to its frontier past, ultimately broadening the role of parks to address the needs of a changing city. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis History 2019

The Olympics have been a catalyst through the last century for community alteration including both the renovation of existing areas and building of new sites. This study focuses on the post-Olympic use of active and passive recreational open space infrastructure developed by Winter Olympic host cities. This study examines four Winter Olympics. The observation of a variety of Olympic venues has provided an opportunity to compare the differences in planning due to historical, cultural, and social variables. The comparison of these Olympic sites contributes to understanding of the probability of success or failure of post game expectations for recreational open space use. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the Winter Olympics on the recreational open space infrastructure of host communities. Future Olympic sites can utilize these experiences as part of a planning effort to create a successful community recreational open space legacy.

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The context in which open space high schools were pioneered in the ACT is examined in the light of Basil Bernstein's (1971) theory of the reasons for changes in curricula and of the organisational conditions necessary for the changes which he considers to be taking place. The context which is examined is derived from analyses of the perspectives and views of the Australian Schools Commission, of the planners of the new design high schools in the ACT, of the Campbell Committee, which provided the rationale for the restructuring of the ACT secondary school system, and of the Principal and teachers of one of the original open space high schools in the ACT. From the analysis of the context of the establishment of a specific open space high school, "Windy Hill", a number of factors are seen to be significant in the process of educational change. In particular, it is claimed that any theoretical perspective on the reasons and conditions for educational change, if it is to have much influence on the change process, must take into account the perspectives of the practitioners in schools. It must also take into account the complexity of events which affect the process of educational change in systems and in schools. The relationship between imposed organisational structures and the curricular goals of schools is examined. It is claimed that changes to administrative structures must emerge from the existing aims of the system and the institution, rather than be imposed in order to effect curricular changes. Assumptions about the nature of educational change, made by the planners for the open space high schools in the ACT, are identified and related to the problems perceived by the Principal and teachers at "Windy Hill". From this analysis is derived a set of features of school settings which need to be considered when innovations in education are being contemplated. These features of the process of educational change are used to generate a number of recommendations which apply to the adoption and development of changes in education systems and schools.

This field study attempts to analyse the development of an integrated humanities programme at a recently built open space high school in the A.C.T. during the first three years of its existence. The school opened shortly after the beginning of the A.C.T. Educational System and the staff were imbued with the idealism and innovative climate that prevailed at this time. There was an absence of system constraint that co-incided with the political proclamation of school based curriculum development. This field study is the story of what can happen when a staff is plunged into the deep end of innovation without the necessary support systems. Nevertheless some of the innovations have stabilised, with some promise of permanency, during these first three years. Open View began with a radical curriculum from the beginning: i) a child centred curriculum ii) vertically integrated teaching groups iii) non-streaming of students iv) open access curriculum v) an individualised teaching programme vi) little traditional class group teaching vii) staff participation in decision making viii) a mini-school structure based on a strong pastoral system ix) non competitive continuous assessment x) a large degree of subject integration All of these innovations can be viewed in the humanities programme. A controversial programme such as humanities has had a radical effect upon the rest of the school. Hence in tracing the development of the humanities programme, the field study indirectly traces the development of the total school. The innovation that has particular relevance to educationalists is the development of the mini-school structure and the combination of the pastoral and the academic through the teaching teams of the minischools. The principal theme of this field study is the effect that the mini-school and subject integration has had on traditional roles such as that of the subject seniors and the assistant principals.

Twentieth century urbanization has left a tremendous footprint on the globe. It is generally speaking a spread out fragmented suburban and exurban landscape continuously growing according to what has been called sprawl-like development, increasing energy and automobile dependency, challenging urban sustainability. Recently urban growth has also turned inwards because of economic and political change. Thus one of the main challenges for future urban design will be to ‘compact sprawl’. This thesis, set in the field of urban morphology, explores the spatial conditions for suburban densification by looking at administrative and user-related measures of density, public open space, and pedestrian accessibility. If we consider useful open space, it would not decrease density, but rather increase spatial compactness. So would also a well-connected street network, if we consider accessibility as part of density. The thesis’ first four papers explore new measures that contradict ordinary notions of density and the last three papers examine densification scenarios on different urban scales in collaboration with urban planners in practice. The paper Place syntax explores a possibility to combine the space syntax description of cognitive accessibility, axial line distance, with place attraction into a combined attraction-accessibility analysis model. Empirical investigation shows that place syntax analysis captures pedestrian movement and can be used for new types of location density analyses. Sociotope mapping describes the theoretical body of a new urban planning tool called the “sociotope map” (sociotopkarta) developed in Stockholm planning practice. The map emphasizes that the same public open space can have different direct use values for different people and thereby assesses qualitative open space area. Exploring Ambiterritory investigates the notion of (sub)urban no-man’s-land. Densification most often means increased open space use, which naturally leads to an increase of potential conflicting territorial interests. However, the reduction of vague user space and unclear legal territories by densification can increase the size of useful open space. More green space in a denser city investigates whether little public green space means low accessibility. User questionnaires and GIS-analyses in ten city districts in Stockholm correlate and show that it is possible to have more accessible green space in a denser city. Strategic exurban landscape densification investigates different municipal location strategies and development rates in the municipality of Kungälv. Results show that location strategies create the biggest landscape impact and not development rates. Greening metropolitan growth analyzes the density landscape in Stockholm county region and finds some correlations with health and socioeconomic variables. Growth scenarios in the regional plan for 2030 show decreasing compactness and spaciousness in inner suburbia. Compact sprawl experiments use the measures developed in the former papers on four densification scenarios in two suburbs in Stockholm. The results show how it is possible to efficiently compact modernist sprawl, particularly the inner suburbs. It is likely that we will be more dependent on walking, bicycling, and public transportation in the future. Street networks and public open spaces are then key issues today just as they were at the end of the nineteenthcentury, creating compact, sustainable, liveable, equitable, and more competitive cities. In fact, many compact urban cores such as in Stockholm, London, and Manhattan have through the 20th century persistently stood up to the competition against more sprawling cities. The thesis shows that compacting inner suburbia seems to be the new frontier many cities and planners are facing. In fact, this is a vast unexplored field that needs further attention in urban studies and urban morphology in particular. / QC 20100913 / Stadsform och hållbar utveckling