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1	La fonction musculaire au niveau de la hanche chez les patients présentant un conflit fémoro-acétabulaire symptomatique / Hip muscle function in patients with symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement Casartelli, Nicola 27 March 2014 (has links) Le conflit fémoro-acétabulaire (femoroacetabular impingement, FAI) est une pathologie mécanique de la hanche qui peut causer des douleurs et limitations fonctionnelles. Le but de cette thèse était d’étudier la fonction musculaire au niveau de la hanche chez des patients présentant un FAI symptomatique. La fonction musculaire de la hanche a été évaluée, dans un premier temps, chez des patients avant qu’ils ne subissent une opération. Ces patients démontraient un déficit de force qui pourrait être expliqué par de l’inhibition musculaire. Cependant, ce déficit de force n’était pas associé à une plus grande fatigabilité musculaire. Dans un deuxième temps, les altérations de force musculaire ont été évaluées chez des patients ayant subi une arthroscopie de la hanche. Après l’opération, les patients récupéraient un niveau de force normal au niveau de tous les groupes musculaires de la hanche excepté les fléchisseurs. Le cas d’un joueur de hockey sur glace ayant subi une chirurgie ouverte aux deux hanches pour traiter un FAI bilatéral a aussi été décrit. On a démontré que la déhiscence de la bandelette iléo-tibiale pouvait survenir après chirurgie, empêcher l’augmentation de force musculaire des abducteurs de la hanche, et retarder la reprise du sport. Enfin, un protocole d’évaluation du taux de développement de la force normalisé, variable permettant d’estimer l’inhibition musculaire de la hanche, a été proposé chez des sujets sains. La fiabilité et reproductibilité des résultats ont été montrées au niveau des adducteurs, rotateurs externes, et fléchisseurs de la hanche. Ces résultats montrent que ces patients ont une fonction musculaire altérée au niveau de la hanche, qui est toutefois récupéré après une opération. / Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a pathomechanical process of the hip joint, which could lead to hip pain and functional disability. Aim of this thesis was to investigate hip muscle function in patients with a symptomatic FAI. Hip muscle function was first investigated before patients underwent any surgical treatment for managing FAI. It was shown that they present with reduced hip muscle strength (i.e., muscle weakness), probably due to hip muscle inhibition. Nevertheless, hip muscle weakness was not associated with exaggerated hip muscle fatigue. Hip muscle strength recovery was then evaluated in a series of patients after hip arthroscopy to treat FAI. These patients demonstrated a good recovery for all hip muscle groups, except for hip flexors. The case of a professional ice hockey player who underwent bilateral hip open surgeries for treating bilateral FAI was also documented. This report showed that iliotibial band dehiscence could occur after hip open surgery, thereby preventing hip abductor strength increase during rehabilitation and delaying the return to sport. In addition, the assessment of the rate of force development scaling factor for the hip muscles was evaluated in a group of healthy adults. This parameter seems to be promising for the evaluation of hip muscle inhibition. The testing protocol was feasible and reproducible for hip adductors, external rotators and flexors. Taken as a whole, these findings show that patients with symptomatic FAI demonstrate an impaired hip muscle function, which is however mainly resolved after surgical treatment. Conflit fémoro-acétabulaire Hanche Force musculaire Fatigue musculaire Fléchisseurs Activité EMG Arthroscopie Chirurgie ouverte Rééducation Femoroacetabular impingement Hip Muscle strength Muscle fatigue Flexors EMG activity Rate of force development scaling factor Arthroscopy Open surgery Rehabilitation 612.04 613.7
2	Disruptive Transformations in Health Care: Technological Innovation and the Acute Care General Hospital Lucas, D. Pulane 24 April 2013 (has links) Advances in medical technology have altered the need for certain types of surgery to be performed in traditional inpatient hospital settings. Less invasive surgical procedures allow a growing number of medical treatments to take place on an outpatient basis. Hospitals face growing competition from ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs). The competitive threats posed by ASCs are important, given that inpatient surgery has been the cornerstone of hospital services for over a century. Additional research is needed to understand how surgical volume shifts between and within acute care general hospitals (ACGHs) and ASCs. This study investigates how medical technology within the hospital industry is changing medical services delivery. The main purposes of this study are to (1) test Clayton M. Christensen’s theory of disruptive innovation in health care, and (2) examine the effects of disruptive innovation on appendectomy, cholecystectomy, and bariatric surgery (ACBS) utilization. Disruptive innovation theory contends that advanced technology combined with innovative business models—located outside of traditional product markets or delivery systems—will produce simplified, quality products and services at lower costs with broader accessibility. Consequently, new markets will emerge, and conventional industry leaders will experience a loss of market share to “non-traditional” new entrants into the marketplace. The underlying assumption of this work is that ASCs (innovative business models) have adopted laparoscopy (innovative technology) and their unification has initiated disruptive innovation within the hospital industry. The disruptive effects have spawned shifts in surgical volumes from open to laparoscopic procedures, from inpatient to ambulatory settings, and from hospitals to ASCs. The research hypothesizes that: (1) there will be larger increases in the percentage of laparoscopic ACBS performed than open ACBS procedures; (2) ambulatory ACBS will experience larger percent increases than inpatient ACBS procedures; and (3) ASCs will experience larger percent increases than ACGHs. The study tracks the utilization of open, laparoscopic, inpatient and ambulatory ACBS. The research questions that guide the inquiry are: 1. How has ACBS utilization changed over this time? 2. Do ACGHs and ASCs differ in the utilization of ACBS? 3. How do states differ in the utilization of ACBS? 4. Do study findings support disruptive innovation theory in the hospital industry? The quantitative study employs a panel design using hospital discharge data from 2004 and 2009. The unit of analysis is the facility. The sampling frame is comprised of ACGHs and ASCs in Florida and Wisconsin. The study employs exploratory and confirmatory data analysis. This work finds that disruptive innovation theory is an effective model for assessing the hospital industry. The model provides a useful framework for analyzing the interplay between ACGHs and ASCs. While study findings did not support the stated hypotheses, the impact of government interventions into the competitive marketplace supports the claims of disruptive innovation theory. Regulations that intervened in the hospital industry facilitated interactions between ASCs and ACGHs, reducing the number of ASCs performing ACBS and altering the trajectory of ACBS volume by shifting surgeries from ASCs to ACGHs. Disruptive Disruptive Innovation Theory Disruptive Transformations Disruptive Innovation Innovation Technology Technological Innovation Medical Innovation Medical Technology Medical Advancement Laparoscopy Laparoscopic Surgery open surgery appendectomy cholecystectomy bariatric surgery weight loss surgery appendectomies cholecystectomies inpatient outpatient ambulatory ambulatory surgery ambulatory surgery center acute care general hospital hospital acute care hospital general hospital health care healthcare hospital industry health care industry Clayton Christensen Clayton M Christensen Michael Porter Harvard Business School Virginia Commonwealth University CMS Health policy public policy public administration organizational theory organization theory Population Ecology Theory Competitive Strategy policy analysis John Kimberly Organization Size Structural Inertia liability of smallness health spending health care cost specialty medical facility open system niche width dynamic outpatient department technology shift surgical setting surgical setting shift medical facility shift substitution threat health system system level analysis Ecological Approach hospital trends ambulatory surgery trends reimbursement rate Medicare CMS coverage decision P J DiMaggio DiMaggio and Powell w w Powell Hannan and Freeman M T Hannan Organizational change minimally invasive surgery less invasive surgery Prospective Payment System Outpatient Prospective Payment System entreprenuerial physician health care organization health care management Roice Luke Carl Ameringer new technology surgical utilization elective surgery Medicare Payment Advisory Commission MedPAC coverage decision trends in surgery abdominal surgery surgical variation physician-owned physician ownership physician autonomy outpatient clinic utilization trends unnecessary surgery Pfeffer Salancik technology diffusion redefining health care interdisciplinary research health care delivery panel design diffusion of hospital technology state variation regional variation local health care market government intervention medical facility health care capacity focused factory advances in health care physician organization relationship hospital competition medical specialization hospital expansion medical arms race integrated care integrated health system J E Wennberg health care transformation reimbursement scheme surgical volume Florida Wisconsin policy making health policy analysis competitive dynamics center of excellence intervening factor service line competition service-line competition surgical reimbursement innovative business model innovative technology environmental influence established firm new market entrant patient safety sophisticated technology Harvard Divinity School Social and Behavioral Sciences

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La fonction musculaire au niveau de la hanche chez les patients présentant un conflit fémoro-acétabulaire symptomatique / Hip muscle function in patients with symptomatic femoroacetabular impingement

Disruptive Transformations in Health Care: Technological Innovation and the Acute Care General Hospital