This thesis focuses on using ICT during langueage teaching. The author cooperates with concrete language school from Prague which would like to start using internet to make lessons more efficient. According to the survey, students would like to use the internet to study the language at home. E-learning and m-learning are defined here. Also their positives and negatives are mentioned. M-learning is thought to be very popular in language teaching these days. Also open source softwares are considered to be a solution. Students would also like to communicate with their colleagues and teachers through instant messengers and social networks. All of these possibilities were taken in mind and the author tried to find the best way how to get the clients of the language school satisfied. The purpose of the whole process was also to gain new clients.

Genomics has become an important tool in agriculture. Many modern crop breeding approaches such as genomic selection and genome editing require detailed information of the genomic composition of a crop species. However, the assembly of high-quality genome sequences is prone to technical artifacts that arise from inaccuracies in the sequencing technology and assembly algorithms. This is particularly true for the genomes of cereal crops, which are often very large, repeat-rich, and polyploid. Until recently, the highly continuous assembly of such cereal crop genomes from short-read data was mainly possible with proprietary assembly tools. In this work, we combined data generated with several short-read sequencing protocols and genomics technologies, including paired-end and mate-pair reads with multiple insert sizes, 10X linked reads, Hi-C contacts, and optical maps to assemble a chromosome level reference genome of Digitaria exilis (fonio millet) with open-source tools. Fonio millet is a semi-domesticated cereal orphan crop native to West Africa that has a high potential for desert agriculture. We implemented the TRITEX pipeline - a recently developed open-source pipeline for the assembly of large Triticeae genomes. We modified the pipeline to include 10X and Hi-C reads into the assembly process independently. We then compared the TRITEX assembly to the fonio reference genome, which had previously been assembled from the same input data but using proprietary algorithms. We found the two assemblies highly similar in content with high concordance in the local order (0.91 Pearson coefficient for alignments). However, we detected many small putative discrepancies between the two assemblies. While the TRITEX assembly was able to produce a highly continuous genome assembly, further work is needed to characterize the putative discrepancies in more detail.

Die Technische Universität Chemnitz setzt seit vielen Jahren auf den Einsatz von Open-Source-Software im gesamten Campus. Da liegt es nahe, dass auch die Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz auf frei verfügbaren Code zurückgreift. Die Möglichkeiten für Bibliotheken, Anwendungen und Dienstleistungen auf Open Source zu stützen, haben sich in den letzten Jahren deutlich verbessert, da zahlreiche spezielle Softwarelösungen für Bibliotheken entwickelt wurden. Neben dem Katalog auf VuFind-Basis, dem ERMSystem Coral und weiteren im internen Bereich eingesetzten Speziallösungen wird seit April 2013 auch eine interaktive Standortkarte auf Grundlage von Open-Source-Code in der Universitätsbibliothek Chemnitz eingesetzt.

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Intelligence analysts today are faced with many challenges, chief among them being the need to fuse disparate streams of data and rapidly arrive at analytical decisions and quantitative predictions for use by policy makers. A forecasting tool to anticipate key events of interest is an invaluable aid in helping analysts cut through the chatter. We present the design of user interfaces for the EMBERS system, an anticipatory intelligence system that ingests myriad open source data streams (e.g., news, blogs, tweets, economic and financial indicators, search trends) to generate forecasts of significant societal-level events such as disease outbreaks, protests, and elections. A key research issue in EMBERS is not just to generate high-quality forecasts but provide interfaces for analysts so they can understand the rationale behind these forecasts and pose why, what-if, and other exploratory questions. This thesis presents the design and implementation of three visualization interfaces for EMBERS. First, we illustrate how the rationale behind forecasts can be presented to users through the use of an audit trail and its associated visualization. The audit trail enables an analyst to drill-down from a final forecast down to the raw (and processed) data sources that contributed to the forecast. Second, we present a forensics tool called Reverse OSI that enables analysts to investigate if there was additional information either in existing or new data sources that can be used to improve forecasting. Unlike the audit trail which captures the transduction of data from raw feeds into alerts, Reverse OSI enables us to posit connections from (missed) forecasts back to raw feeds. Finally, we present an interactive machine learning approach for analysts to steer the construction of machine learning mod-els. This provides fine-grained control into tuning tradeoffs underlying EMBERS. Together, these three interfaces support a range of functionality in EMBERS, from visualization of algorithm output to a complete framework for user feedback via a tight human-algorithm loop. They are currently being utilized by a range of user groups in EMBERS: analysts, social scientists, and machine learning developers, respectively. / Master of Science

This thesis takes a fresh look at software, treating it as a document, manuscript, corpus, or text to be consumed among communities of programmers and uncovering the social roles of these texts within two specific sub-communities and comparing them. In the paper, the social roles of the texts are placed within the context of the technical and cultural constraints and environments in which programs are written. Within that context, the comments emphasize the metaphoric status of programming languages and the social role of the comments themselves. These social roles are combined with the normative intentions for each comment, creating a dynamic relationship of form and function for both normative and identity-oriented purposes. The relationship of form and function is used as a unifying concept for a more detailed investigation of the construction of comments, including a look at a literary device that relies on the plural pronoun "we" as the subject. The comments used in this analysis are derived from within the source code of the Linux kernel and from a Corporate environment in the US. / Master of Science

Software Defined Radios are computer based systems that emulate the behavior of traditional radio systems by processing digitized radio signals. A SDR replaces the traditional fixed hardware radio with a system that may be reconfigured, both during operation to provide greater flexibility and by providing software upgrades to add new capabilities without requiring new hardware. These are powerful reasons for using SDR technology; however this flexibility comes at the cost of increased hardware cost and greater power consumption compared with traditional hardware radios. This report presents measurements of memory and processor usage for a Software Communication Architecture (SCA) waveform running on an OMAP starter kit and a desktop PC. The process used to build software, originally targeted for a desktop computer, on an embedded machine with a different processor architecture is described. OSSIE, an open source SCA implementation developed at Virginia Tech, was ported to the ARM processor by adding support for building OSSIE into the OpenEmbedded build system. Once the port for the OMAP starter kit was complete, it became possible to easily re-target OSSIE for a variety of other hardware platforms. For testing purposes a simple waveform capable of transmitting several common digital modulation formats was developed. A SCA device for the Universal Software Radio Peripheral was developed to interface the waveform to the antenna. One method to reduce the cost and power consumption is to limit the amount of memory used in the radio. This reduces both cost and power consumption. This report describes the memory manager portion of the Linux kernel and how it helps reduce the memory used by the system. The exmap tool for accurately measuring memory usage is described and used to measure the memory usage of the OSSIE based test waveform. These techniques help radio developers measure and reduce the amount of memory required for the SDR, reducing system cost and power consumption. Finally, the oprofile was used to measure relative processor usage of the waveform components. Oprofile can also provide details about specific sections of waveform code that use the most processor cycles. This information helps the radio designer reduce the number of processing cycles required. This allows the hardware to use a lower speed part, or add more capability to the radio design. / Master of Science

Esta dissertação tem por objetivo apresentar as licenças de software livre mais importantes, sob a luz dos seus principais aspectos jurídicos e da inter-compatibilidade, de forma a auxiliar pessoas envolvidas no desenvolvimento de software a compreender as implicações destas licenças ao fazer uso delas em seus projetos. A dissertação contextualiza as licenças, tanto no tocante à legislação brasileira, quanto no que diz respeito às restrições de licenciamento, de forma a viabilizar a análise de compatibilidade que se segue. Casos de projetos proeminentes de software livre cujo desenvolvimento foi afetado pelas implicações mencionadas ilustram a investigação, que é complementada por uma análise de ferramentas e metodologias existentes que auxiliam na gestão dos aspectos de licenciamento. / The purpose of this Master thesis is to present the most common free software licenses, regarding their main legal and inter-compatibility aspects, to help people involved in software development understand the implications of these licenses when using them in their projects. It contextualizes the licenses, both in terms of the Brazilian legislation, and regarding licensing restrictions, to make the subsequent compatibility analysis possible. Cases of free and open source software in which development was affected by the mentioned implications illustrate the research, and it is complemented by an analysis of existing tools and methodologies that assist in the management of licensing issues.

L’open-source a révolutionné le secteur informatique par une nouvelle approche publique, décentralisée, et asynchrone de la conception qui encouragela collaboration entre pairs. De nouveaux acteurs et pratiques ont bouleverséle processus de conception, mais aussi donné lieu à des succès industriels.Cette approche se répand aujourd’hui à la conception de produits tangibles,à cause de la numérisation et la démocratisation de ce processus — c’est laconception ouverte.Nombre de pratiques hétérogènes sont cependant regroupées sous ceterme. Les liens avec les pratiques existantes ne sont pas non plus clairementidentifiés. Enfin, peu d’informations à propos du processus de conception ontété formalisées dans la littérature scientifique. Cela freine le développementd’outils pertinents qui permettraient aux concepteurs d’exploiter pleinementles spécificités de la conception ouverte.Ainsi, nous nous sommes intéressés à la modélisation du processus deconception ouverte, dans le cadre du développement de produits tangibles.Nous avons d’abord élaboré une typologie des pratiques via une revue systématique de la littérature. Ensuite, via une approche par théorisation ancrée,nous avons construit des modèles mettant en lumière les différentes facettesdu processus de conception : phases, acteurs, représentations intermédiaires.À travers notre état de l’art, nous avons défini et cartographié la conception ouverte et les notions connexes. Par l’étude de 624 entrées de la base dedonnées Scopus, nous avons identifié trois types de pratiques : do-it-yourself,meta-design, and industrial ecosystem. Elles sont liées au statut (amateur ouprofessionnel) des concepteurs et destinataires du processus. Nous avonsaussi construit deux modèles du ‘do-it-yourself open-design’ à partir d’interviews semi-directifs de 11 participants à des projets de conception ouverte.Cette approche apparaît influencée à la fois par le logiciel libre et la conception amateur. La qualité de nos modèles et de notre modélisation a été validéepar l’outil statistique.Cette étude ambitionne d’être une référence pour de futures recherchessur la conception ouverte, en proposant un panorama détaillé des pratiquesliées à ce phénomène. Nos modèles descriptifs doivent servir de point dedépart pour développer des outils pertinents à l’intention des praticiens.Notre méthode de modélisation peut également être répliquée dans d’autrescontextes pour formaliser des processus encore non cartographiés. / Open-source revolutionized the software industry through a public, decentralized, and asynchronous development paradigm that fosters collaboration among peers. New practices and stakeholders disrupted the designingprocess, yet led to industrial successes. Due to the digitalization and democratization of the designing process, this approach now spreads to thedevelopment of tangible artifacts. This is open-design.However, open-design currently appears as an umbrella term that encompasses from amateur do-it-yourself projects to sector-scale industrialcollaborations. It is not clear either, how these practices relate to existing designing approaches. Finally, little knowledge about the open-design processis formalized. This impedes the development of adequate tools for helpingpractitioners to make the most of it.Therefore, we investigated how to model the open-design process in thedevelopment of tangible products. First, we developed a typology of open-design practices based on a systematic search and review of the scientificliterature. Then, we selected one of the types identified and modeled thedifferent facets of the designing process (activities carried out, stakeholdersinvolved, and boundary objects used) in this context, using a groundedtheory-based approach.Through our literature review, we mapped open-design in relation to existing designing approaches, and to coined a new definition thereof. Based on624 papers indexed in the Scopus database, we identified three types of practices — do-it-yourself, meta-design, and industrial ecosystem — which arerelated to the status (professional or amateurs) of the processes’ stakeholders and addressees. We also constructed two models of the ‘do-it-yourselfopen-design’ process using semi-directive interviews of 11 project leaderswho took part in the PoC21 innovation camp. They depict open-design as adesigning process influenced by both open-source software developmentand amateur design. We tested the quality of our models and our modelingmethod via statistical analysis.This study aims to be a cornerstone for future research on open-designby providing an overview of practices linked to this phenomenon. Ourdescriptive models should serve researchers for providing practitioners ofopen-design projects with relevant tools and methods. Our modeling methodcould also be applied in other contexts to formalize uninvestigated designingpractices.

A crescente demanda por analises rápidas, simples e eco-fiendly tem feito da busca pela miniaturização e automatização dos procedimentos de preparo de amostra uma necessidade permanente na academia e na indústria. Atualmente, embora existam diversas técnicas miniaturizadas de preparo de amostra, estas ainda são utilizadas de forma manual na maioria das situações, pois o acesso às possibilidades de automatização em muitos laboratórios de química é ainda bastante limitado. Afortunadamente, as plataformas de robótica Open-Source estão se tornado uma alternativa interessante no desenvolvimento lab made de todo tipo de instrumentos e sistemas automatizados. Esta tese apresenta três exemplos de desenvolvimento no laboratóriode sistemas robotizados para a automatização de técnicas miniaturizadas de preparo de amostras. Num primeiro estudo, foi projetado, construído e programado um robô cartesiano capaz de operar simultaneamente seis microsseringas de extração. Este sistema foi posto à prova na automatização da microextração por sorvente empacotado (MEPS) e validado na extração de HPAs em amostras de esgoto sanitário, demostrando alta precisão, exatidão e frequência de análise. Um segundo robô cartesiano, equipado com uma única unidade de extração, foi projetado, construído e programado para conseguir pela primeira vez a integração on-line da microextração em fase liquida (LPME) com a análise mediante cromatografia líquida. Este sistema possibilitou o desenvolvimento de um método para determinação de triazinas, com tempo de total de análise de 10 minutos, incluindo o preparo da amostra e a separação/detecção dos analitos. Finalmente, por integração de técnicas em fluxo, ferramentas de robótica Open-Source e impressão 3D, a microextração líquido-líquido dispersiva baseada na solidificação da fase orgânica (DLLME-SFO) foi completamente automatizada pela primeira vez. O sistema assim desenvolvido foi validado no desenvolvimento de um método para a determinação de parabenos em produtos de cuidado pessoal, águas, urina e saliva, demostrando de esta forma, o grande potencial das tecnologias modernas no desenvolvimento de novos, versáteis e eficientes sistemas automatizados nos laboratórios de química. / The growing demand for rapid, simple and eco-friendly analyzes has made the search for miniaturization and automation of sample preparation procedures a permanent necessity. Although, nowadays there are a number of miniaturized sample preparation techniques, they are used manually in most situations. The access to automation tools is limited yet, in many chemistry laboratories. Fortunately, Open-Source robotics platforms have become an interesting alternative in the lab-made development lab made instruments and automated systems. This thesis presents three examples of laboratory development of robotic systems for the automation of miniaturized sample preparation techniques. In a first study, a cartesian robot capable of simultaneously operating six extraction microsystems was designed, constructed and programmed. This system was tested in the automation of microextraction by packaged sorbent (MEPS) and validated in the extraction of HPAs in sanitary sewage samples, demonstrating high accuracy and throughput analysis. A second cartesian robot, equipped with a single extraction unit, was designed, constructed and programmed to accomplish for the first time the online integration of the liquid phase microextraction (LPME) and the liquid chromatography analysis. This system allowed the development of a method for the determination of triazines, with an analysis time of 10 minutes, including sample preparation and separation / detection of the analytes. Finally, by integrating flow techniques, Open-Source robotics tools and 3D printing, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on solidification of floating organic drop (DLLME-SFO) was completely automated for the first time. The developed system was validated in the development of a method for the determination of parabens in personal care products, water, urine and saliva, thus demonstrating the great potential of modern technologies in the development of new, versatile and efficient automated systems in chemistry laboratories.