Published Article / In the era of open innovation, the capability to conduct collaborative research and development has become a key indicator of absorptive capacity and innovation competitiveness. However, the literature addressing open innovation has a focus on developed economies. New evidence from the South African National R&D Survey, together with supplementary data, make it possible to gain a greater understanding of the structure of open innovation in nanotechnology, biotechnology and open source software in the South African context. Findings from a comparative analysis include: the identification of collaboration-intensive R&D networks whose structures are influenced by the characteristics of each technological platform; linkages between localized innovation networks and global innovation networks; and distinct patterns of expenditure, sectoral distribution and geographical location characterizing each of these technologies. The paper concludes with some suggestions for policy applications for these findings as well as directions for further research.

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 21, 2002 / Town & Country Hotel and Conference Center, San Diego, California / The Central Control Facility at Eglin Air Force Base has acquired full intellectual rights to a single board telemetry card with device driver and test software. This card has an integrated IRIG 106 PCM decommutator, IRIG time clock and minimal PCM simulator capability using the latest in Field Programmable Gate Array technology. Eglin will offer this capability to the telemetry community as both open source hardware and software and solicit partnerships with both government and private industry for both open source and closed source for-profit products.

The understanding of the physics of the Coherent Structures and their interaction with the remaining fluid motions is of paramount interest in Turbulence Research. Indeed, recently had been suggested that separating and understanding the the different physical behavior of Coherent Structures and "uncoherent" background might very well be the key to understand and predict Turbulence. Available understanding of Coherent Structures shows that their size is considerably larger than the turbulent macro-scale, making permissible the application of Large Eddy Simulation to their simulation and study, with the advantage to be able to study their behavior at higher Re and more complex geometry than a Direct Numerical Simulation would normally allow. Original purpose of the present work was therefore the validation of the use of Large Eddy Simulation for the study of Coherent Structures in Shear-Layer and the its application to different flow cases to study the effect of the flow topology on the Coherent Structures nature. However, during the investigation of the presence of Coherent Structures in numerically generated LES flow fields, the aging in house Large Eddy Simulation (LES) code of the Environmental & Applied Fluid Dynamics Department has shown a series of limitations and shortcomings that led to the decision of relegating it to the status of Legacy Code (from now on indicated as VKI LES legacy code and of discontinuing its development. A new natively parallel LES solver has then been developed in the VKI Environmental & Applied Fluid Dynamics Department, where all the shortcomings of the legacy code have been addressed and modern software technologies have been adopted both for the solver and the surrounding infrastructure, delivering a complete framework based exclusively on Free and Open Source Software (FOSS ) to maximize portability and avoid any dependency from commercial products. The new parallel LES solver retains some basic characteristics of the old legacy code to provide continuity with the past (Finite Differences, Staggered Grid arrangement, Multi Domain technique, grid conformity across domains), but improve in almost all the remaining aspects: the flow can now have all the three directions of inhomogeneity, against the only two of the past, the pressure equation can be solved using a three point stencil for improved accuracy, and the viscous terms and convective terms can be computed using the Computer Algebra System Maxima, to derive discretized formulas in an automatic way. For the convective terms, High Resolution Central Schemes have been adapted to the three-dimensional Staggered Grid Arrangement from a collocated bi-dimensional one, and a system of Master-Slave simulations has been developed to run in parallel a Slave simulation (on 1 Processing Element) for generating the inlet data for the Master simulation (n - 1 Processing Elements). The code can perform Automatic Run-Time Load Balancing, Domain Auto-Partitioning, has embedded documentation (doxygen), has a CVS repository (version managing) for ease of use of new and old developers. As part of the new Frame Work, a set of Visual Programs have been provided for IBM Open Data eXplorer (OpenDX), a powerful FOSS Flow visualization and analysis tool, aimed as a replacement for the commercial TecplotTM, and a bug tracking mechanism via Bugzilla and cooperative forum resources (phpBB) for developers and users alike. The new M.i.O.m.a. (MiOma) Solver is ready to be used again for Coherent Structures analysis in the near future.

<p>Vi, två studerande vid Karlstads universitet, har efter önskemål från IBM intervjuat tre representanter från utvalda svenska tillverkningsföretag om hur de ställer sig till Linux på klientsidan och sedan jämfört detta med vad IT-analysföretag anser om Linux och en</p><p>övergång till detta på klientsidan. Vi har även utfört en djupintervju med en anställd på IBM för att ta del av deras syn och åsikter om varför de valt att satsa på Linux på klientsidan och vägt in detta i våra intervjuer med tillverkningsföretagen.</p><p>Vi frågar oss, är det någon skillnad i uppfattning mellan hur olika IT-analysföretag ser och skriver om Linux och hur markanden ser på Linux och vad de egentligen tycker?</p><p>Att Linux kommer gå en ljus framtid till möte är samtliga involverade parter i vår uppsats eniga om. Trots detta skiljer sig deras åsikter om vilket operativsystem som är det mest kostnadseffektiva, IT-analysföretagen säger Linux, tillverkningsföretagen säger Microsoft. En ökad konkurrens på marknaden ser samtliga som positivt men poängterar att det måste finnas ett verkligt skäl till en övergång då det kostar mycket pengar och att det är så pass mycket att tänka på.</p>

<p>Open source software is becoming a credible and realistic alternative to proprietary software in municipalities. The aim of this thesis is to explore the strategies and logical issues that inspire and motivate municipalities to migrate into or integrate use of open source software. The research approach used in the study is an explorative, comparative case study performed in the three Swedish municipalities of Falköping, Alingsås and Kungälv, which considers implementation and use of OpenOffice in administration. The methodologies used in the case study were in-depth interviews with Chief Information Officers in the municipalities and document analysis. The interviews were combined with the tool of SWOTanalysis to further focus on the reasons for choosing OpenOffice as an application program. There is certainly not a unique strategy to migrate into or integrate use of Free/Open Source Software. Since each municipality is autonomous in the process of decision-making, various strategic planning or guidelines are use in different municipalities. In the municipalities of Alingsås and Kungälv the strategic planning is used for leading the processes of implementation of new software applications. However, in Falköping municipality, the procedures are guided by a set of guidelines. The lower Total Cost of Ownership and the Free/Open Source Software’s freedoms besides many other advantages, make the municipalities stimulated to migrate into use of OpenOffice suite. In contrast, there are some drawbacks and barriers, such as shortage of internal and external standardization and lack of user knowledge and familiarity, which demotivate the municipalities to take this decision. To lower costs of IT administration seems to be the most significant factor in motivating municipalities to migrate into use of OpenOffice. More research is needed in order to find out the consequences of implementation of OpenOffice in municipalities as well as to investigate if Total Cost of Ownership really is decreased by the use of Open Office.</p>

This paper presents first results from research into open source projects from a software engineering perspective. The research methodology employed relies on public data retrieved from the CVS-repository of the GNOME project and relevant discussion groups. This methodology is described in detail and some of the results concerning the special characteristics of open source software development are given. (author's abstract) / Series: Diskussionspapiere zum Tätigkeitsfeld Informationsverarbeitung und Informationswirtschaft

In this discussion paper, we argue that the literature on tree algorithms is very fragmented. We identify possible causes and discuss good and bad sides of this situation. Among the latter is the lack of free open-source implementations for many algorithms. We argue that if the community adopts a standard of creating and sharing free open-source implementations for their developed algorithms and creates easy access to these programs the bad sides of the fragmentation will be actively combated and will benefit the whole scientific community. (authors' abstract)

Chapter 2 starts by discussing the approach to take when evaluating open source software from a value perspective, in other words, to look past the “excitement” in order to make an objective, fact-based decision. To identify value aspects, the customer activity cycle is used. This cycle defines three phases of activity – pre, during and post, with value contributions possible at each phase. The pre phase is then elaborated upon in this chapter – a phase where the decision on “what” is made. In other words, what product is most necessary for an organisation based on its current requirements in the value chain, the value delivery network as well as minimising the type of risks involved. / Prof. N. Lessing

Microarrays are now an established tool for biological research and have a wide range of applications. In this thesis I investigate the BeadArray microarray technology developed by Illumina. The design of this technology is unique and gives rise to many computational and statistical challenges. However, I show how knowledge from other microarray technologies can be used to our advantage. I describe the beadarray software package, which is now used by researchers around the world. The development of this software was motivated by the fact that Illumina's software (BeadStudio) gives a summarised view of Illumina data and does not gives users any control over several processing steps that were found to be crucial for other microarray technologies. A main feature of beadarray is the ability to access raw data. The advantages of such data include the ability to perform more detailed quality assessment and greater control over the analysis at all stages. The analysis of a control experiment shows that the processing steps used in BeadStudio can be improved. In particular, utilising variances calculated from the raw data can increase the ability to detect genes which have different expression levels between samples, a common goal for microarray studies. The data from the control experiment are made available for other researchers to use and validate their own analysis methods. One issue discovered during the analysis of the control experiment was that only half of the intended genes could be reliably measured due to problems in the design of the probes targetting particular genes. By considering a large set of publicly available Illumina arrays, I show how such unreliable measurements can affect the analysis of Illumina data. I also show how potential problems can be identified in advance of an experiment and incorporated into an analysis pipeline.

Libraries share a number of core values with the Open Source Software (OSS) movement, suggesting there should be a natural tendency toward library participation in OSS projects. However, Dale Askey's 2008 Code4Lib column entitled We Love Open Source Software. No, You Can't Have Our Code, claims that while libraries are strong proponents of OSS, they are unlikely to actually contribute to OSS projects. He identifies, but does not empirically substantiate, six barriers that he believes contribute to this apparent inconsistency. The goal of this thesis is to empirically investigate not only Askey's central claim but also the six barriers he proposes. Additionally, we will utilize statistical methods and machine learning algorithms to identify barriers encountered by libraries as they grapple with whether or not to release their code as open source. We will offer insights into possible correlations between a library's engineering, talent management and innovation policies and practices and its propensity to initiate open source software projects.