Thesis (M.Arch.)--University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes special report study entitled : Perception of open space in public architecture. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.

Thesis (M.Arch.)--University of Hong Kong, 1997. / Includes special report study entitled :Integration of architecture and ground form. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Georgia State University, 2006. / Ted Friedman, committee chair; Kathy Fuller-Seeley, Ashok Jhunjhunwala, Merrill Morris, Leonard Teel, committee members. Title from title screen. Electronic text (236 p. : col. ill.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed May 22, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 189-210).

A presente dissertação busca analisar os aspectos subjacentes à emergência de um novo paradigma no que tange à inovação: open innovation (ou inovação aberta). Tendo em vista que o estudo comporta a necessidade de conceituação, importa observar que atualmente o conhecimento se mostra difundido entre inúmeras fontes. Sendo assim, a ideia de uma estrutura totalmente vertical e autossuficiente de pesquisa e desenvolvimento, inerente aos modelos fulcrados no paradigma anterior (closed innovation ou inovação fechada), vem dando lugar à crença de que ideias valiosas podem surgir tanto internamente quanto externamente, da mesma maneira que as inovações resultantes das atividades empresariais podem chegar ao mercado por caminhos internos e externos. Essa abordagem atribui grande relevância ao intercâmbio de conhecimento e à perspectiva colaborativa, destacando como principal vantagem a diminuição dos custos com pesquisa e desenvolvimento. Dentre os vários pontos de distinção entre os referidos paradigmas encontra-se a função a ser desempenhada pela propriedade intelectual. Por conseguinte, o objetivo desta dissertação consiste em investigar como a propriedade intelectual funciona dentro da lógica pela qual se orienta a inovação aberta, isto é, se ela impede o fluxo de conhecimento entre os diversos agentes do mercado envolvendo tecnologia ou, ao contrário, se a proteção formal desses ativos intangíveis é o elemento que permite tal intercâmbio. Nesses termos, busca-se demonstrar que as sociedades empresárias adotantes desse modelo aberto abordam a questão da titularidade de direitos de propriedade intelectual como ponto crucial à consecução de práticas baseadas em inovação aberta, as quais se instrumentalizam a partir de contratos formais. Importa observar que, através de uma metodologia científica de análise de conteúdo, toda a investigação em curso se perfaz tendo em conta a empresa enquanto conceito dinâmico dentro do contexto da manifestação do mercado como um fenômeno poliédrico, o qual, em se tratando de temas como propriedade intelectual, será orientado para a inovação. Desta feita, a conclusão da pesquisa indica que os direitos da propriedade intelectual são importantes ativos em uma lógica de open innovation, pois esta não advoga a extinção da propriedade intelectual, mas a flexibilização de sua exploração. / This dissertation aims to analyze the underlying aspects regarding the emergence of a new paradigm in terms of innovation: open innovation. Given that the study demands conceptualization, it is important to notice that, currently, knowledge is diffused among various sources. Thus, the idea of a vertical and self-sufficient structure of research and development, inherent to the business models based on the previous paradigm (closed innovation) is being substituted by the believe that valuable ideas may come from inside and outside the company. Likewise, innovations resulting from the business activities may find their way to market from internal or external paths. This approach assigns great importance to knowledge exchange and collaborative perspective, and also highlights the advantage of a decrease on costs of research and development. Among the numerous elements of distinction between the two referred paradigms is the role played by intellectual property. Therefore, the aim of this dissertation is the investigation on how intellectual property works in an open innovation oriented logic, that is, if it prevents the knowledge flow between the several agents of technology market, or, instead, if the formal protection of intangible assets enables such exchange. Thereby, the present work seeks to demonstrate that firms involved with open innovation practices address the issue of intellectual property ownership as crucial to the development of their business with great use of formal contractual instruments. It shall be noticed that through a methodology consisting in content analysis all this investigation is conducted taking into account the enterprise as a dynamic concept inside the context of the market as a manifestation of a polyhedral phenomenon which, regarding intellectual property, shall be oriented towards innovation. Thus, the conclusion of the present research indicates that intellectual property rights are important assets when it comes to an open innovation landscape since it does not advocates intellectual propertys extinction, but an easing regarding its profiteering.

abstract: In this dissertation, I study large-scale civic conversations where technology extends the range of “discourse visibility” beyond what human eyes and ears can meaningfully process without technical assistance. Analyzing government documents on digital innovation in government, emerging data activism practices, and large-scale civic conversations on social media, I advance a rhetoric for productively listening to democratic discourse as it is practiced in 2016. I propose practical strategies for how various governments—from the local to the United Nations international climate talks—might appropriately use technical interventions to assist civic dialogues and make civic decisions. Acknowledging that we must not lose the value that comes from face-to-face civic deliberation, I suggest practical pathways for how and when to use technology to increase democratic engagement from all stakeholders. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation English 2016

A presente dissertação busca analisar os aspectos subjacentes à emergência de um novo paradigma no que tange à inovação: open innovation (ou inovação aberta). Tendo em vista que o estudo comporta a necessidade de conceituação, importa observar que atualmente o conhecimento se mostra difundido entre inúmeras fontes. Sendo assim, a ideia de uma estrutura totalmente vertical e autossuficiente de pesquisa e desenvolvimento, inerente aos modelos fulcrados no paradigma anterior (closed innovation ou inovação fechada), vem dando lugar à crença de que ideias valiosas podem surgir tanto internamente quanto externamente, da mesma maneira que as inovações resultantes das atividades empresariais podem chegar ao mercado por caminhos internos e externos. Essa abordagem atribui grande relevância ao intercâmbio de conhecimento e à perspectiva colaborativa, destacando como principal vantagem a diminuição dos custos com pesquisa e desenvolvimento. Dentre os vários pontos de distinção entre os referidos paradigmas encontra-se a função a ser desempenhada pela propriedade intelectual. Por conseguinte, o objetivo desta dissertação consiste em investigar como a propriedade intelectual funciona dentro da lógica pela qual se orienta a inovação aberta, isto é, se ela impede o fluxo de conhecimento entre os diversos agentes do mercado envolvendo tecnologia ou, ao contrário, se a proteção formal desses ativos intangíveis é o elemento que permite tal intercâmbio. Nesses termos, busca-se demonstrar que as sociedades empresárias adotantes desse modelo aberto abordam a questão da titularidade de direitos de propriedade intelectual como ponto crucial à consecução de práticas baseadas em inovação aberta, as quais se instrumentalizam a partir de contratos formais. Importa observar que, através de uma metodologia científica de análise de conteúdo, toda a investigação em curso se perfaz tendo em conta a empresa enquanto conceito dinâmico dentro do contexto da manifestação do mercado como um fenômeno poliédrico, o qual, em se tratando de temas como propriedade intelectual, será orientado para a inovação. Desta feita, a conclusão da pesquisa indica que os direitos da propriedade intelectual são importantes ativos em uma lógica de open innovation, pois esta não advoga a extinção da propriedade intelectual, mas a flexibilização de sua exploração. / This dissertation aims to analyze the underlying aspects regarding the emergence of a new paradigm in terms of innovation: open innovation. Given that the study demands conceptualization, it is important to notice that, currently, knowledge is diffused among various sources. Thus, the idea of a vertical and self-sufficient structure of research and development, inherent to the business models based on the previous paradigm (closed innovation) is being substituted by the believe that valuable ideas may come from inside and outside the company. Likewise, innovations resulting from the business activities may find their way to market from internal or external paths. This approach assigns great importance to knowledge exchange and collaborative perspective, and also highlights the advantage of a decrease on costs of research and development. Among the numerous elements of distinction between the two referred paradigms is the role played by intellectual property. Therefore, the aim of this dissertation is the investigation on how intellectual property works in an open innovation oriented logic, that is, if it prevents the knowledge flow between the several agents of technology market, or, instead, if the formal protection of intangible assets enables such exchange. Thereby, the present work seeks to demonstrate that firms involved with open innovation practices address the issue of intellectual property ownership as crucial to the development of their business with great use of formal contractual instruments. It shall be noticed that through a methodology consisting in content analysis all this investigation is conducted taking into account the enterprise as a dynamic concept inside the context of the market as a manifestation of a polyhedral phenomenon which, regarding intellectual property, shall be oriented towards innovation. Thus, the conclusion of the present research indicates that intellectual property rights are important assets when it comes to an open innovation landscape since it does not advocates intellectual propertys extinction, but an easing regarding its profiteering.

L'industrie aéronautique cherche à réduire son empreinte environnementale et à augmenter son efficacité. Un axe de recherche porte sur la conception de moteurs plus efficients comme le CROR, pour Counter Rotating Open Rotor. Ce moteur reprend les éléments des turboréacteurs en changeant sa soufflante carénée par doublet d'hélices contrarotatives non caréné qui augmente son rendement. Il est environ 30 % plus économique qu'un turboréacteur de puissance équivalente, mais génère un bruit important.Ce bruit a plusieurs origines, dont la principale en basse vitesse (situation de décollage ou d'atterrissage) vient de l'interaction entre les hélices du doublet. La composante la plus importante dans cette interaction est l'interaction entre l'hélice aval et les tourbillons marginaux issus de l'hélice amont. Le mécanisme de génération de bruit de cette interaction est complexe. Il a été montré dans des travaux précédemment menés à l'Onera que le type de tourbillon a une influence sur le bruit généré.L'objectif de cette thèse est d'étudier le rayonnement acoustique de l'interaction orthogonale entre un tourbillon et une pale en rotation. L'étude porte sur des configurations simplifiées (pale simpliste, tourbillons analytiques).Le but est d'identifier et de hiérarchiser les paramètres déterminants de cette interaction, c'est-à-dire la géométrie de la pale et les propriétés du tourbillon, sur le bruit rayonné, puis de trouver une configuration silencieuse.Pour cela, une étude paramétrique est mise en place. Cette étude se base sur une approche numérique et utilise les codes de calcul Cassiopée et Kim développés à l'Onera. La modélisation physique utilise les équations d'Euler instationnaires dans leur formulation tridimensionnelle et compressible pour la dynamique des fluides et les équations de Ffowcs-Williams et Hawkings dans leur formulation sur surface solide en rotation pour le rayonnement acoustique. Les simulations sont réalisées à un ordre élevé et utilisent la méthode Chimère. L'analyse porte à la fois sur la réponse aérodynamique en champ proche et sur le rayonnement acoustique en champ lointain.À partir des résultats de cette étude paramétrique, il est prévu de rechercher des critères de design pour la réalisation de pales optimales et silencieuses.Il est ensuite prévu d'étudier, avec ces critères, la conception d'hélices de CROR valides autant sur le plan acoustique que sur le plan aérodynamique. Les applications de la thèse ne se limitent cependant pas qu'à ce moteur, mais à n'importe quelle configuration où la trajectoire d'une pale croise un tourbillon, comme sur un hélicoptère par exemple, pour l'interaction entre le sillage du rotor principal et le rotor de queue. / The aeronautics industry focuses on decreasing its ecological footprint and increasing airplanes efficiency. One way for this is to design more efficient motors, like CROR, for Counter Rotating Open Rotor. This engine, also called propfan, is quite close to a turbofan, but with a pair of counter rotating propellers instead of ducted fan, which increase its yield. The efficiency is about 30 % higher than a turbofan of equal power, but it generates a lot of noise.This noise has several causes, the main one at low speed (typical takeoff or landing situation), is due to the interaction between propellers. The higher contribution to this interaction is the interaction between rear blades and tip vortexes generated by front blades. The noise generation process of this interaction is complex. It has been shown in previous studies at Onera that vortex kind plays an important role on the generated noise.The goal of this thesis is to identify and classify the influent parameters of this interaction on the noise generation, especially the blade geometry and the vortex properties, and then, to find a silent configuration.To this aim, a parametric study is set up. This study is based on a numerical approach and uses the Cassiopée and Kim computational softwares, developed at Onera. Physical models uses Euler unsteady equations, in their three dimensional and compressible expression, for the CFD and Ffowcs-Williams and Hawkings equations, in their rotating solid surface expression, for the CAA. Simulations are run on high orders schemes and use the Chimera method. Analyses are based on both close field fluid dynamics and far field acoustics.With the results of this parametric study, silent and optimal blades design criteria will be find out.Then, with these criteria, it will be possible to design CROR blades which are aeroacoustically efficient as well as aerodynamically efficient. The outcomes of this thesis are not limited to CROR situation only: any configuration where a blade crosses a vortex orthogonally can benefits from this study, by instance the interaction in a helicopter between the main rotor flow and the tail rotor blades.

Teknikutvecklingen går snabbt framåt, och idag finns det ett stort behov av att använda andra utvecklares kod för att hänga med i det höga tempot. De kallas samlat för ramverk eller bibliotek, och hjälper utvecklaren att på ett effektivare sätt ta sig från start till mål utan att behöva skriva all programmeringskod själv. Dessa tredjepartslösningar är nästintill alltid bundna till ett licensavtal, vars restriktioner och tillåtelser utvecklaren måste följa vid nyttjandet. I denna studie har vi undersökt hur medvetenheten ser ut kring de licenser som är bundna till dessa tredjepartslösningar. Då det framkom i vår förstudie att vårt fall hade en relativt låg medvetenhet har vi även valt att titta på hur medvetenheten kan ökas. För att genomföra detta har vi valt att intervjua utvecklare och projektledare på ett konsultföretag. Vi undersökte även vilka faktorer som är viktiga för att höja medvetenheten samt vilka konsekvenser som kunde uppkomma vid bristfällande licenshantering. Vi upptäckte att det var en bristfällig kunskap om tredjepartslicenser på det studerade företaget, och hur de följde de licensrestriktioner som fanns för respektive licens. För att höja medvetenheten föreslår vi hjälpmedel i form av en automatiserad centraliserad lösning, lathundar för en enklare överblick av licensavtalen och hur användning av redan färdiga programvaror kan hjälpa till att öka medvetenheten och hanteringen av licenser. / In todays rapid technology development, there is a great need of reusing other developers code libraries to keep up with the fast pace. These code libraries are called frameworks or libraries depending on their purpose, and helps the developers to develop a product from start to finish faster than doing it all by their own. These third party software is almost always bound to a license with restrictions and permissions the developer needs to follow. In this thesis we are going to investigate the awareness of the licenses that are bound to these third party software. We found out in our pre study that the awareness where low and therefore we investigated how the awareness could be raised. In order to do this, we interviewed developers and project managers at a consulting firm. We also investigated what solutions there is to raise the awareness of third party licenses, and the problems caused by insufficient license management. We found out that there is inadequate knowledge about license management at the firm, and how the developer follows the restrictions and permissions that is bound to the license. To raise the awareness, we suggest tools to raise the awareness in form of a centralised solution, lazybones to easier understand the license agreement and already existing software to help the license management.

Im Kontext der Digitalisierung vollzieht sich an Hochschulen aktuell ein umfassender Transformationsprozess. Gerade im Bereich der Lehre scheinen die Möglichkeiten digitaler Technologien unbegrenzt. Lernmaterialien, bspw. Texte, Bilder, Videos, Online-Kurse sind ubiquitär verfügbar. Doch wie können diese Materialien sinnvoll und legal integriert, genutzt und verbreitet werden? Sog. Open Educational Resources (OER) bieten Möglichkeiten, den aktuellen Herausforderungen – rechtlicher, didaktischer sowie organisatorischer Natur – adäquat zu begegnen und die Potentiale digitaler Bildung nachhaltig zu erschließen: ... [... aus dem Text]

O objeto central desta pesquisa é o termo \"Maker Innovation\", uma síntese de estratégias \"makers\", tornando-as legíveis, replicáveis e contextualizadas dentro de um processo de Inovação pelo Design. Este conceito foi alcançado através do estudo qualitativo: (1) das práticas abertas provenientes do \"Open Design\" e conceitos relacionados, (2) dos ambientes colaborativos do tipo Fab Lab, e (3) das ações de indivíduos intitulados \"makers\". Ambos estão fazendo emergir um novo sistema, o chamado Ecossistema Maker. / The central object of this research is the term \"Maker Innovation\", a synthesis of \"maker\" strategies, presented in a readable, replicable and contextualized manner within a process of Innovation by Design. This concept was achieved through qualitative study of open practices from: (1) the \"Open Design\" and re¬lated concepts, (2) collaborative environments like Fab Lab and (3) the actions of individuals entitled \"makers\". Both are bringing out a new system, called Ecosystem Maker.