This dissertation presents the creation of slab coupled optical sensors (SCOS) for electric field sensing applications. SCOS devices utilize the benefits of an optical fiber system for high bandwidth and low electromagnetic interference. These sensors are fabricated by means of mode coupling between a small section of D-shaped optical fiber (D-fiber) with a multi-mode electro-optic slab waveguide. Electric field detection is accomplished by monitoring the behavior of the resonances, seen as transmission dips in the D-fiber transmission, as they shift with electric fields. The novelties of SCOS devices include their small compact nature, potential for sensor multiplexing and a dielectric structure allowing low electromagnetic interference. The SCOS developed in this work been used to measure fields as low as 30 V/m with 1 kHz resolution bandwidth and a high degree of linearity. Due to their compact size they are capable of placement within devices to measure interior electric fields immeasurable by other sensors that are either too large for internal placement or disruptive of the internal fields due to metallic structure. Wavelength multiplexing allows multiple sensors to be placed on a single fiber for mapping electric fields at multiple instances. As an extension, SCOS multiplexing allows the potential for 3-d field sensing by use of multiple electro-optic crystals having orthogonal orientations of the electro-optic axis. This work performs a thorough analysis of SCOS design in order to optimize sensor efficiency for its various applications. Furthermore, the straightforward fabrication process for these sensors is outlined for the development of future uses of these sensors.

Random hole optical fibers (RHOF) offer advantages over other types of microstructured optical fibers (MOFs). They are inexpensive and easy-to-make when compared to the high cost of ordered hole MOFs. They also have unique characteristics since they contain open and closed holes. The open holes contain ambient air under normal conditions and the closed holes contain residual gases from the fabrication process at certain pressure. The objective of this research work was to investigate the radiation resistance of Random Hole Optical Fibers (RHOF) for possible use as both sensing element and data transmission medium in nuclear reactor instrumentation and control applications. This work is motivated by the demand for efficient, cost effective, and safe operation of nuclear power plants, which accounts for more than 14% of the world's electricity production. This work has studied the effect of gamma irradiation on RHOF fibers by comparing their performance to that of standard solid telecommunication fibers and commercially available specialty solid fiber designed to be radiations hardened fiber. The fibers were evaluated at different absorbed dose levels: 12 mGy(Si), 350 mGy(Si), and 7200 Gy(Si) by measuring their radiation induced absorption (RIA) on-line. In the low dose test, the maximum RIA measured in untreated RHOF was approximately 8 dB while the RIA in the untreated MMF fibers reached a maximum at about 28 dB. In the high dose test, the maximum RIA measured in untreated RHOF was 36 dB while RIA in the methanol washed RHOF was only 9 dB. RHOF also demonstrated superior radiation damage recovery time over all of the other fibers tested. Based on the experimental evaluations, it was deduced that RHOFs used in this work are resistant to gamma radiation. and recover from radiation damage at a faster rate compared to other fibers tested. The radiation induced absorption (RIA) at the 1550 nm window in the RHOF fibers could be attributed to the OH absorption band tail. However, the existence of other mechanisms responsible for RIA is also postulated. Some of these mechanisms include bulk and surface defects which are related to the fabrication process and the influence of the gases confined within the RHOF microstructure. Gamma radiation resistance of RHOFs can be attributed to the lack of dopants and also possibly the inherent OH and nitrogen content. The behavior of thermally annealed RHOF and their fast recovery is in favor of this hypothesis. / Master of Science

Interferometric optical fiber sensors have proved many orders of magnitude more sensitive than their electrical counterparts, but they suffer from limitations in signal demodulation caused by phase ambiguity and complex fringe counting when the output phase difference exceeds one fringe period. Various signal demodulation methods have been developed to overcome some of the these drawbacks with limited success. This thesis proposes a new measurement system for the extrinsic Fabry-Perot interferometer (EFPI) sensor. Using a wavelength modulated source and a novel extended-gap EFPI, some of the limitations of interferometric signal demodulation are overcome. By scanning the output wavelength of a multilongitudinal mode laser diode through current modulation, the EFPI sensor signal is scanned through multiple fringes. Gap movement is then unambiguously determined by monitoring the phase of the multiple fringe pattern. / Master of Science

Optical fiber sensors have already been developed from the experimental stage to practical applications in the past 20 years. There is no doubt that this technology can bring a wealth of applications, ranging from sensors in medical industry, aerospace and wind-energy industries, through to distributed sensors in oil and gas industry. Among a large amount of physical and chemical parameters which optical fiber sensors could measure, temperature and strain are the most widely studied. This thesis presents several low-cost optical fiber sensor configurations primarily for temperature and strain measurement. Several basic optical fiber components which are good candidates as optical fiber sensors are used in our experiments, such as fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), multimode fibers (MMFs), small-core dispersion compensation fibers (SCDCFs), high-birefringence fiber loop mirrors (HBFLMs), and polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fibers (PMPCFs). Temperature and strain cross sensitivity is a crucial issue when designing high performance optical fiber sensors, since most of the sensing components are both sensitive to temperature and strain. This would introduce an error when measuring each of them independently. We developed several schemes to overcome this problem by cascading an FBG and a section of MMF, inserting an FBG into an HBFLM, and space division multiplexing two HBFLMs. By measuring the wavelength shifts of the two independent components' spectra in each scheme, simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain could be achieved. However, all the above schemes need optical spectrum analyzers to monitor the spectral information, which increases the cost of the system and limits the operation speed. In order to avoid using optical spectrum analyzers, we use an intensity-based interrogation method with MMFs and HBFLMs as edge filters. By measuring power ratio changes, instead of monitoring spectra shifts, simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain could be realized with a low cost and high speed. The resolutions of the above five configurations are between 0.26 - 1.2 ^oC in temperature and 9.21 - 29.5 με in strain, which are sufficient for certain applications. We also investigate the sensing applications with the SCDCF. Since the cutoff wavelength of this kind of fiber is around 1663 nm, which makes it naturally an MMF in the wavelength range of 1550 nm. By slightly offsetting the core of the SCDCF with respect to that of the standard single-mode fiber (SMF), a high extinction ratio could be achieved with almost 9 dB. When a lateral force (lateral strain) applied on the SCDCF, extinction ratio will decrease. The change of the extinction ratio is almost independent of temperature variation. The measured extinction ratio change has a good quadratic relationship with respect to applied lateral force. This feature could be used to measure lateral force (lateral strain). In addition, we also use this feature to realize simultaneous measurement of both the longitudinal strain and lateral strain, since the applied longitudinal strain results in the whole spectrum shift. Moreover, a miniature high temperature sensor could also be made using the SCDCF. One end of a 4-mm long SCDCF is spliced directly to SMF with the other end cleaved. By monitoring the reflection spectrum of the SCDCF, temperature information could be obtained. This sensing head is very compact and could realize high temperature measurement up to 600 ^oC. Recently, a kind of PMPCF has been found to have very small responses to temperature change. This offers an opportunity to measure other parameters without considering temperature influence. We construct a compact 7-mm long transmission-type sensor with this kind of PMPCF. The interference spectrum generated by the coupling of cladding modes and core mode is obtained by slightly offsetting the PMPCF core to SMF core. The experiment shows that the interference spectrum is almost unchanged within the temperature range of 25-60 ^oC. The presented sensor has the potential to be used to measure strain and refractive index in the normal environment without temperature discrimination for practical applications.

Optical fiber sensors have already been developed from the experimental stage to practical applications in the past 20 years. There is no doubt that this technology can bring a wealth of applications, ranging from sensors in medical industry, aerospace and wind-energy industries, through to distributed sensors in oil and gas industry. Among a large amount of physical and chemical parameters which optical fiber sensors could measure, temperature and strain are the most widely studied. This thesis presents several low-cost optical fiber sensor configurations primarily for temperature and strain measurement. Several basic optical fiber components which are good candidates as optical fiber sensors are used in our experiments, such as fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), multimode fibers (MMFs), small-core dispersion compensation fibers (SCDCFs), high-birefringence fiber loop mirrors (HBFLMs), and polarization-maintaining photonic crystal fibers (PMPCFs). Temperature and strain cross sensitivity is a crucial issue when designing high performance optical fiber sensors, since most of the sensing components are both sensitive to temperature and strain. This would introduce an error when measuring each of them independently. We developed several schemes to overcome this problem by cascading an FBG and a section of MMF, inserting an FBG into an HBFLM, and space division multiplexing two HBFLMs. By measuring the wavelength shifts of the two independent components' spectra in each scheme, simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain could be achieved. However, all the above schemes need optical spectrum analyzers to monitor the spectral information, which increases the cost of the system and limits the operation speed. In order to avoid using optical spectrum analyzers, we use an intensity-based interrogation method with MMFs and HBFLMs as edge filters. By measuring power ratio changes, instead of monitoring spectra shifts, simultaneous measurement of temperature and strain could be realized with a low cost and high speed. The resolutions of the above five configurations are between 0.26 - 1.2 ^oC in temperature and 9.21 - 29.5 με in strain, which are sufficient for certain applications. We also investigate the sensing applications with the SCDCF. Since the cutoff wavelength of this kind of fiber is around 1663 nm, which makes it naturally an MMF in the wavelength range of 1550 nm. By slightly offsetting the core of the SCDCF with respect to that of the standard single-mode fiber (SMF), a high extinction ratio could be achieved with almost 9 dB. When a lateral force (lateral strain) applied on the SCDCF, extinction ratio will decrease. The change of the extinction ratio is almost independent of temperature variation. The measured extinction ratio change has a good quadratic relationship with respect to applied lateral force. This feature could be used to measure lateral force (lateral strain). In addition, we also use this feature to realize simultaneous measurement of both the longitudinal strain and lateral strain, since the applied longitudinal strain results in the whole spectrum shift. Moreover, a miniature high temperature sensor could also be made using the SCDCF. One end of a 4-mm long SCDCF is spliced directly to SMF with the other end cleaved. By monitoring the reflection spectrum of the SCDCF, temperature information could be obtained. This sensing head is very compact and could realize high temperature measurement up to 600 ^oC. Recently, a kind of PMPCF has been found to have very small responses to temperature change. This offers an opportunity to measure other parameters without considering temperature influence. We construct a compact 7-mm long transmission-type sensor with this kind of PMPCF. The interference spectrum generated by the coupling of cladding modes and core mode is obtained by slightly offsetting the PMPCF core to SMF core. The experiment shows that the interference spectrum is almost unchanged within the temperature range of 25-60 ^oC. The presented sensor has the potential to be used to measure strain and refractive index in the normal environment without temperature discrimination for practical applications.

La détection de l'hydrogène est une priorité environnementale. De nombreux capteurs à hydrogène ont déjà été développés, mais aucun d’eux ne répond aux exigences de l'industrie. Les capteurs à fibres optiques, électriquement isolés, sont d’excellents candidats pour fonctionner dans des environnements explosifs. Notre objectif est de développer un capteur à fibres optiques intrinsèque par Résonance de Plasmon de Surface pour la détection d’hydrogène. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions deux designs de capteurs à hydrogène. Le premier, basé sur la modulation d'amplitude, se compose d'une couche mince de Pd déposé sur le cœur de la fibre multimode, après avoir enlevé la gaine optique. Dans le second, basé sur la modulation de longueur d'onde, nous remplaçons la couche de Pd par un empilement de couches (Au / SiO 2 / Pd). Dans cette thèse, nous démontrons que les capteurs plasmoniques peuvent être une solution pour développer des capteurs à hydrogène fiables et rapides. Enfin, nous étudions des alliages de Mg comme matériaux sensibles à l’hydrogène afin d’optimiser la plage de détection des capteurs à hydrogène. / Hydrogen detection is an environmental priority. Numerous hydrogen sensors have been developed, but none of them meet the industry requirements. Optical fiber sensors, electrically isolated, are excellent candidates for operating in explosive environments. Our goal is to develop an intrinsic optical fiber sensor based on Surface Plasmon Resonance. In this thesis, we study two optical fiber hydrogen sensors. The first sensor, based on amplitude modulation, consists of a thin Pd layer deposited on the multimode fiber core, after removing the optical cladding. The second design, based on wavelength modulation, consists of replacing the single Pd layer by a Au/ SiO2/ Pd multilayer stack. We demonstrate in this thesis that plasmonic sensors may be a solution to develop fast and reliable fiber hydrogen sensors. Finally, we study Mg alloys as hydrogen sensitive material in order to improve the detection range of hydrogen sensors.

This thesis discusses the application of Slab Coupled Optical Fiber Sensors (SCOS) in a railgun. The specific goal of these sensors is to create an electric field profile at a specific point in the gun as the armature passes. The thesis explores the theory that powers the railgun as well as the principles of the SCOS sensors. It also elaborates on the various noise sources found throughout the detection system and concludes with a summary of the various field tests that were performed throughout this project. There are many benefits to using a railgun over traditional weapons in the field. These benefits not only include both safety and cost, but also greater overall defense capabilities. Unfortunately, the velocity skin effect (VSE) causes the current railgun designs to have limited life span through wear on the rails. In order to develop superior railguns and railgun armatures, the accurate detection of the VSE through measuring the electric field is of great interest. We used a SCOS, a small directionally precise dielectric sensor, as a small sensing area is required to be able to measure the electric fields inside of the rail gun. The actual usage of the SCOS within the railgun produced an additional set of problems that are not commonly encountered in the lab. The chief amongst these was noise from strain, RF pickup, and phase noise. This thesis also reports various methods used to reduce each of these noise sources.

[pt] Redes de Bragg em fibras ópticas (RBF) são formadas por modulações periódicas introduzidas no índice de refração do núcleo de fibras ópticas. Estes componentes comportam-se como filtros espectrais de banda passante, ou seja, quando iluminados por um sinal óptico de banda larga, refletem apenas uma fina fatia espectral de luz, cujo centro, o comprimento de onda de Bragg, é proporcional ao período espacial da modulação no índice de refração. As RBF têm encontrado aplicações importantes no sensoriamento das mais diversas grandezas, sendo hoje utilizadas em sistemas de monitoramento para vários segmentos industriais, tais como os setores de petróleo e gás, construção civil e aeroespacial, que, estima-se, respondem em conjunto por cerca de 70% destas aplicações. Em diversas situações o sensoriamento com RBF baseia-se em medidas indiretas da grandeza de interesse, sendo empregados mecanismos de transdução que transformam variações do mensurando em deformações na fibra óptica. Nestes casos, um problema que deve ser tratado com atenção é o acoplamento entre temperatura e deformação, uma vez que as RBF são sensíveis a estas duas variáveis. Não raro, a alternativa é utilizar simultaneamente duas RBF para obter-se a compensação de temperatura na medida de deformação. Este trabalho apresenta um estudo sobre deformações não homogêneas em redes de Bragg e discute aplicações de duas técnicas que podem ser utilizadas como alternativas para eliminar o efeito da temperatura no sensoriamento de deformação com apenas uma RBF. A primeira delas explora a birrefringência óptica induzida na RBF por carregamentos transversais à fibra óptica. A segunda baseia-se nos efeitos sobre o espectro refletido pela rede de Bragg quando submetida a um campo de deformações longitudinais não uniformes ao longo da direção axial da fibra óptica. No trabalho são apresentados protótipos e dispositivos que exploram tais técnicas para a medida simultânea de pressão e temperatura. Esses protótipos foram projetados com auxílio de ferramentas CAD e modelados utilizando-se o método de elementos finitos em conjunto com a teoria de modos acoplados da Rede de Bragg. As previsões obtidas utilizando-se estes modelos mostraram-se bastante próximas dos resultados das implementações experimentais dos protótipos, indicando que a metodologia de modelagem desenvolvida pode ser aplicada nos projetos de transdutores baseados nas duas técnicas estudadas. / [en] Fiber Bragg gratings (FBG) are modulations in the effective refractive index of optical fibers, introduced in a small length along the fiber core. Such components operate as narrow band reflective filters, that is, when illuminated by a broad-band light source, they reflect a narrow spectral band centered at a specific wavelength, the Bragg wavelength. This wavelength is proportional to the spatial period of the refractive index modulation. Fiber Bragg gratings have find an increasing number of applications as sensors for different quantities, and today are being employed as part of permanent, real time monitoring systems in various industrial segments. The oil and gas sector, together with civil infrastructure and aeronautics and aerospace, account for almost 70% of this applications. In a number of situations, FBG sensing is based on indirect measurements of the quantity being monitored, and a transduction mechanism is employed to transform changes in the measured quantity in strain sensed by the optical fiber. Since the FBG is sensitive to strain and temperature, proper temperature compensation is always necessary. Usually, a second grating is employed to simultaneously measure temperature and strain, performing the required compensation. This thesis presents a study on effects due to non- homogeneous strains in the Bragg grating and discusses application of two different techniques, based on these effects, to allow temperature compensated strain measurement using a single FBG. The first technique explores strain induced optical birefringence when the fiber is loaded transversely. The second technique is based on changes in the spectral shape of the light signal reflected by the grating when subjected to non homogeneous axial strain fields. Prototypes of pressure and temperature transducers based on these techniques have been developed. These prototypes have been designed by employing CAD techniques and modeled using the finite element method in conjunction with the theory of coupled modes for fiber Bragg gratings. Comparisons between results provided by theoretical models and experimental realizations of the prototypes are very close, demonstrating that the developed approach can be applied to design transducers based on the discussed techniques. Results obtained with the proposed pressure and temperature sensors are also encouraging indicating that the two techniques are suitable for industrial applications.

L’accident de Fukushima-Daiichi du 11 Mars 2011 a fortement marqué l'industrie nucléaire en mettant en évidence plusieurs faiblesses dans le contrôle des systèmes critiques qui assurent la sécurité des centrales nucléaires, en particulier, lors de conditions accidentelles. Cette thèse a été réalisée en collaboration avec AREVA, groupe industriel français actif dans le domaine de l'énergie, avec l’objectif de réaliser des capteurs à fibres optiques résistants aux contraintes sévères d'une centrale nucléaire et, en particulier, de surveiller la température et le niveau de l'eau à l'intérieur d’une piscine de stockage de combustible. La thèse est composée de deux parties organisées en 7 chapitres. Dans la première partie, le chapitre 1 traite des phénomènes contribuant à l'atténuation de la lumière au cours de sa propagation dans la fibre et donne un aperçu des effets des radiations sur les fibres optiques. Pour identifier la technique la plus prometteuse adaptée aux applications visées par AREVA, le chapitre 2 propose un état de l’art sur les capteurs distribués à fibres optiques existants avec une attention particulière à leur emploi dans des environnements radiatifs. La dernière partie de ce chapitre est consacrée à la description détaillée de l’OFDR qui est la technique retenue pour cette application. La deuxième partie est consacrée à la présentation des résultats obtenus et leur analyse. Le chapitre 3 présente le détail des irradiations et des traitements thermiques, les échantillons retenus et les bancs de mesure utilisés. Afin de déterminer la meilleure combinaison fibre/technique par rapport à l’application visée, une étude systématique des capteurs distribués de température et de contrainte a été réalisée. Les effets permanents des rayonnements (niveaux de dose du MGy) sont étudiés dans le chapitre 4. Le chapitre 5 illustre des mesures in situ sur les fibres résistantes aux radiations pour comprendre les effets combinés de la température et des radiations (rayons X), effets représentatifs des conditions nominales et accidentelles des piscines de stockage. Enfin, nous avons développé un prototype de capteur de niveau d’eau pour les piscines de combustible qui est décrit dans le chapitre 6. Ensuite, les principales conclusions et les perspectives de ce travail de thèse sont discutées / Fukushima-Daiichi event on March 11th, 2011, signed a turning point in nuclear industry by highlighting several weaknesses in the control of critical systems that ensure the safety in nuclear power plant (NPP) operating, particularly, in accidentals conditions. This PhD thesis has been carried out in collaboration with AREVA, the French industrial group active in the energy domain, with the aim of realizing optical fiber sensors resistant to the harsh environment constraints of a NPP and, in particular, to monitor temperature and water level several parameters inside the spent fuel pools (SFPs). It consists of two parts organized in 7 chapters. In the first part, chapter 1 deals with the phenomena contributing to the light attenuation during its propagation along the fiber and gives an overview on the radiation effects on optical fibers. To identify the most promising technique suitable for AREVA needs, in chapter 2 is reported the state-of-the-art on the distributed OFSs with particular attention to their employment in radiation environments. The last part of this chapter is devoted to the detailed description of the OFDR that is the selected sensor technique for this application. The second part is devoted to present and discuss the obtained results. Chapter 3 gives the experimental details on radiation and thermal treatments, investigated samples and used setups. In order to determine the best fiber/setup combination, a systematic study on temperature and strain distributed sensors was carried out in relation to the harsh constraints demanded from the application. The permanent radiation (MGy dose levels) effects on different fiber classes are investigated in Chapter 4. Chapter 5 illustrates in situ measurements on radiation resistant fibers to understand the combined temperature and radiation (X-rays) effects representative of the SFP nominal and accidental conditions. Simultaneously, we have developed the OFS design for its integration at SFP facility. The prototype is described and its performance is evaluated in chapter 6. Then, the main conclusion and perspective are discussed / L'incidente di Fukushima-Daiichi dell’11 marzo 2011 ha segnato un punto di svolta per l’industria nucleare, mettendo in evidenza diversi punti deboli nel controllo di sistemi critici che garantiscono la sicurezza nelle centrali, in particolare in condizioni di incidente. Questa tesi è stata condotta in collaborazione con AREVA, il gruppo industriale francese attivo nel settore dell'energia, con l'obiettivo di produrre sensori a fibra ottica resistenti alle condizioni estreme di una centrale nucleare e, in particolare, per controllare diversi parametri all'interno di una piscina di stoccaggio di combustibile nucleare, quali la temperatura e il livello dell'acqua. La tesi si compone di due parti organizzate in 7 capitoli. Nella prima parte, il capitolo 1 riguarda i fenomeni che contribuiscono all'attenuazione della luce durante la sua propagazione nella fibra e permette di comprendere gli effetti della radiazione sulle fibre ottiche. Per identificare la tecnologia più promettente per le esigenze di AREVA, nel capitolo 2 é discusso lo stato dell’arte sui sensori distribuiti con particolare attenzione alle loro performance in ambienti radiativi. L'ultima parte di questo capitolo è dedicato ad una descrizione dettagliata della tecnica OFDR che è la tecnologia scelta per questa applicazione. La seconda parte è dedicata a presentare e discutere i risultati. Il capitolo 3 fornisce i dettagli sui campioni studiati e i trattamenti effettuati su di essi e descrive il setup utilizzato. Per determinare la migliore combinazione fibra/tecnica per l’applicazione prevista, è stato eseguito uno studio sistematico sulla risposta alla radiazione dei sensori distribuiti di temperatura e strain. Glieffetti permanenti della radiazione (dosi dell’ordine del MGy) su diverse classi di fibre, resistenti e sensibili alle radiazioni, sono discussi nel capitolo 4. Il capitolo 5 riporta le misure in situ sulle fibre resistenti alla radiazione per investigare gli effetti combinati di temperatura e radiazioni (raggi X) rappresentativi delle condizioni operative e accidentali nelle piscine di stoccaggio. Infine, abbiamo sviluppato un prototipo di sensore del livello dell’acqua nelle piscine di stoccaggio che è descritto nel capitolo 6. In seguito, le principali conclusioni e le prospettive sono discusse

[pt] O setor de petróleo e gás apresenta diversas oportunidades de aplicação para os sensores a fibra óptica. Algumas características inerentes às fibras ópticas, como baixo peso, flexibilidade, longa distância de transmissão, baixa reatividade do material, isolamento elétrico, imunidade eletromagnética e alta capacidade de multiplexação, podem ser determinantes em diversas situações, seja nos segmentos de exploração, transporte, refino ou distribuição. As principais operadoras internacionais do setor identificaram a tecnologia de Sensores a Fibra Óptica como elemento chave para viabilizar, com toda a funcionalidade esperada, a instalação de sistemas de completação inteligente de poços de petróleo (produção ou injeção). O sensoriamento do poço permite obter, a qualquer momento, informações precisas sobre diversas grandezas, entre outras a pressão, temperatura, vazão, pH ou mesmo a posição de válvulas que controlam o fluxo através do poço. A monitoração em tempo real do poço é parte da estratégia de automação do processo de produção do campo de petróleo. Esta é uma tendência que no futuro próximo aponta para a exploração de campos de petróleo inteligentes, onde a produção por vários poços de um mesmo reservatório realizase de forma otimizada e automatizada, reduzindo custos, e aumentando fatores de recuperação das reservas de hidrocarbonetos fósseis. O presente trabalho se insere neste contexto, e apresenta a concepção, desenvolvimento e resultados de testes de dois protótipos de transdutores de fundo do poço para integrar um sistema de completação inteligente baseado na tecnologia de sensoriamento utilizando redes de Bragg em fibras ópticas. O primeiro deles destina-se à medida da pressão diferencial num sensor de vazão do tipo Venturi. Resultados de testes com protótipos do transdutor demonstraram que ele pode operar numa faixa de mais ou menos 5 bar de pressão diferencial, sob pressões médias de até 21 MPa e temperaturas de 90 graus Celsius com resolução de 0,06 por cento do fundo de escala. O segundo transdutor desenvolvido, aplica-se à medida da posição de abertura e fechamento de uma válvula controladora de fluxo tipo camisa deslizante (sliding sleeves). Duas técnicas foram investigadas. A primeira delas, para aplicações mais gerais, baseia-se no uso de atuadores magnetoestrictivos. A segunda procurou atender a um projeto específico para este tipo de válvula, em cuja concepção utiliza-se uma mola elástica para exercer a força de restituição contra um atuador hidráulico. Neste caso, optou-se por desenvolver uma célula de carga instrumentada com redes de Bragg. Nos testes realizados foram obtidos resultados satisfatórios em termos de sensibilidade e resolução, tendo-se chegado para esta última a valores próximos de 0,03 mm num curso de 70 mm (0,04 por cento do fundo de escala). / [en] Optical fibers are finding a growing range of new applications in the petroleum industry, which include, not only those already well established in telecommunications, but also in novel sensing technologies. Possibility of dense multiplexing, continuous distributed measurements, long distances between measurement points and electronic circuits, and explosion risk free, are some of the characteristics shared by different types of optical fiber sensors. The major global oil and gas operators and service companies have elected optical fiber sensing as one of the key enablers to implement with all the expected functionality and reliability the novel technology of intelligent well completion. Continuous well monitoring allows the operator to access, at any time during the well life, important information regarding different process variables, such as pressure, temperature, flow-rate, pH, or even the position of sliding sleeves valves that control the flow through the well. This is part of the automation strategy to optimize production in the whole reservoir, a technological trend that points towards the concept of an intelligent oil field and that, in the near future, will be applied to the integrated management of production from several wells in the same reservoir, contributing to reduce intervention costs, and increasing recovery factors of fossil hydro-carbon reserves. The present work is inserted in this context, and reports the conception, development and results of tests conducted with prototypes of two different optical fiber transducers to be integrated in an intelligent well completion system. The first one is a Bragg grating differential pressure transducer, which has been developed to measure pressure drop across a Venturi flow-meter inserted in the production tubing. Test results with prototypes have demonstrated that the transducer may be applied to measure differential pressures in the range of more or less 5 bar, under static (average) pressures up to 21 MPa and temperatures below 90 Celsius Degree, with 0.06 percent full-scale resolution. The second development is a displacement transducer applied to measure the opening position of sliding sleeves valves. Two different measurement principles were investigated. The first, intended to general applications of displacement measurements, relied on the use of magnetostrictive actuators and fiber Bragg grating sensors. The second displacement transducer applies to a specific type of valve, which employs a mechanical spring to provide recovery forces to a hydraulic actuator. The proposed solution was based on the use of a load cell instrumented with fiber Bragg gratings. Tests results demonstrated that the prototype transducer was capable of resolving changes in displacement as lower as 0.03 mm in a full-range of 70 mm, approximately 0.04 percent full-scale resolution.