Queue buildup is a problem that every fast food restaurant would like to reduce, as its effect on customer satisfaction and restaurant revenue is obviously negative. This thesis looks at how a dynamic menu management system would affect fast food restaurants, specifically how the promotion of fast products, in certain situations, would affect total revenue and queue lengths. A neural network was used to categorize products depending on their preparation time and to predict queue waiting times. A simulation approach was used to find out how the menu management system would affect the restaurant. The results are that in situations where long queues are formed, the promotion of fast products increases revenue by 7.8% and decreases queue lengths by 13.3%. In situations where little to no queues are formed, the same system still decreases queue lengths by 4.7%, but also decreases revenue by 0.2%

Les oxydes de métaux de transition sont largement utilisés en raison de leurs propriétés fondamentales intéressantes et de leurs applications importantes. En particulier, CuCrO2 est d’un intérêt particulier parce qu’il possède un état multiferroïque en absence de champ magnétique. Dans cette thèse, nous modélisons les propriétés magnéto-électriques de CuCrO2 par simulations Monte Carlo basées sur des paramètres magnétiques déterminés par calculs ab initio. Nous étudions également l’effet du dopage du Ga sur les propriétés magnéto-électriques du composé CuCr1-xGaxO2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0:3). Nos résultats sontqualitativement en accord avec les observations expérimentales. / Transition metal oxides are widely used due to their interesting fundamental properties and important applications. In particular, CuCrO2 is of special interest because it enters the multiferroic state in zero magnetic fields. In this thesis we model the magnetoelectric properties of CuCrO2 using Monte Carlo simulations with the help of ab initio calculations.We also investigate the effect of Ga doping on the magnetoelectric properties of CuCr1-xGaxO2 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0:3). Our results are well comparable to the experimental observations.

The optimum ordering strategies for the coded V-BLAST system with capacity achieving temporal codes on each stream are studied in this thesis. Mathematical representations of the optimum detection ordering strategies for the coded V-BLAST under instantaneous rate allocation (IRA), uniform power/rate allocation (URA), instantaneous power allocation(IPA) and instantaneous power/rate allocation (IPRA) are derived. For two transmit antennas, it is shown that the optimum detection strategies are based on the per-stream before-processing channel gains. Based on approximations of the per-stream capacity equation, closed-form expressions of the optimal ordering strategy under the IRA at low and high signal to noise ratio (SNR) are derived. Necessary optimality conditions under the IRA are given. Thresholds for the low, intermediate and high SNR regimes in the 2-Tx-antenna system under the IPRA are determined, and the SNR gain of the ordering is studied for each regime. Performances of simple suboptimal ordering strategies are analysed, some of which perform very close to the optimum one.

Avec des motivations venant du domaine de la Vérification, nous définissons une notion de WQO effectifs pour lesquels il est possible de représenter les ensembles clos et de calculer les principales opérations ensemblistes sur ces représentations. Dans une première partie, nous montrons que de nombreuses constructions naturelles sur les WQO préservent notre notion d'effectivité, prouvant ainsi que la plupart des WQOs utilisés en pratique sont effectifs. Cette partie est basée sur un article non publié dont Jean Goubault-Larrecq, Narayan Kumar, Prateek Karandikar et Philippe Schnoebelen sont co-auteurs.Dans une seconde partie, nous étudions les conséquences qu'a notre notion sur la logique du première ordre interprété sur un WQO. Bien que le fragment existentiel positif soit décidable pour tous les WQOs effectif, les perspectives de généralisation sont limitées par le résultat suivant: le fragment existentiel de la logique du première ordre sur les mots finis, ordonnés par plongement, est déjà indécidable. Ce résultat a été publié à LICS 2017 avec Philippe Schnoebelen et Georg Zetzsche. / With motivations coming from Verification, we define a notionof effective WQO for which it is possible to represent closed subsetsand to compute basic set-operations on these representations. In a firstpart, we show that many of the natural constructions that preserve WQOsalso preserve our notion of effectiveness, proving that a large class ofcommonly used WQOs are effective. This part is based on an unpublishedarticle with Jean Goubault-Larrecq, Narayan Kumar, Prateek Karandikarand Philippe Schnoebelen.In a second part, we investigate the consequences of our notion onfirst-order logics over WQOs. Although the positive existential fragmentis decidable for any effective WQO, the perspective of extension tolarger fragments is hopeless since the existential fragment is alreadyundecidable for the first-order logic over words with the subwordordering. This last result has been published in LICS 2017 with PhilippeSchnoebelen and Georg Zetzsche.

This thesis presents a novel approach to reconstructing ancestral genomes of a number of descendant species related by a phylogeny. Traditional methods face challenges due to cycles of whole genome doubling followed by fractionation in plant lineages. In response, the thesis proposes a new approach that first accumulates a large number of candidate gene adjacencies specific to each ancestor in a phylogeny. A subset of these which to produces long ancestral contigs are chosen through maximum weight matching. The strategy results in more complete reconstructions than existing methods, and a number of quality measures are deployed to assess the results. The thesis also presents a new computational technique for estimating the ancestral monoploid number of chromosomes, involving a "g-mer" analysis to resolve a bias due to long contigs and gap statistics to estimate the number. The method is applied to a set of phylogenetically related descendant species, and the monoploid number is found to be 9 for all rosid and asterid orders. Additionally, the thesis demonstrates that this result is not an artifact of the method, by deriving a monoploid number of approximately 20 for the metazoan ancestor. The reconstructed ancestral genomes are functionally annotated and visualized through painting ancestral projections on descendant genomes and highlighting syntenic ancestor-descendant relationships. The proposed method is applied to genomes drawn from a broad range of plant orders. The Raccroche pipeline reconstructs ancestral gene orders and chromosomal contents of the ancestral genomes at all internal vertices of a phylogenetic tree, and constructs chromosomes by counting the frequencies of ancestral contig co-occurrence on the extant genomes, clustering these for each ancestor, and ordering them. Overall, this thesis presents a significant contribution to the field of ancestral genome reconstruction, offering a new approach that produces more complete reconstructions and provides valuable insights into the evolutionary process giving rise to the gene content and order of extant genomes.

The rise of cryptocurrencies has brought with it new math problems with new sets of constraints. The MEV problem entails solving for the ordering of pending trades that maximizes a block creator's profit. In decentralized finance, time is a big constraint, so an exhaustive search of all possible orderings is impossible. I propose a solution to the MEV problem that gives a near optimal result that can be solved in a reasonable amount of time. I layout the method and the formulas required for my solution. Additionally, I test my solution on synthesized data to show that it works as desired.

The current work investigates how the interactions among constituent elements in high entropy alloys or complex concentrated alloys (HEA/CCAs) can lead to lattice instability and local chemical ordering which in turn affects the microstructure and properties of these alloys. Using binary enthalpies of mixing, the degree of ordering in concentrated multi-component solid solutions was successfully tailored by introducing Cr, Al and Ti in a CoFeNi HEA/CCA. CoFeNi was selected as the base alloy to achieve a close to random solid solution as indicated by the near-zero binary enthalpies in CoFeNi alloy system. The room temperature tensile properties of these alloys with varied degree of ordering follow a consistent trend where yield stress increased with degree of ordering. This novel approach provides a new alloy design strategy to obtain controlled ordering tendencies and consequently targeted mechanical properties. Further studies on specific alloys have been conducted to utilize this ordering tendency in attaining precipitation strengthening. For this purpose, Al, Ti and Ni were selected to promote ordering and Co, Fe, and Cr were chosen to strengthen the solid solution matrix. In Al0.25CoFeNi HEA/CCA, the ordering tendency between Al and Ni results in a competition between two long-range ordered phases, L12 and B2. While homogenous L12 precipitation takes place at an annealing temperature of 500oC, heterogeneous B2 precipitation occurs at 700oC. At 600oC, this competition between L12 and B2 phases results in a novel nano-lamellar microstructure. The alternating lamellae are mainly FCC and BCC based whose morphology is similar to pearlite in steels. However, the FCC lamella is made up of FCC and L12 phases and the BCC lamella is made up of BCC and B2 phases. A different thermomechanical processing route can be used to obtain the same phase composition but distributed in a nano-grained fashion. This nano-grained microstructure exhibits the best strength-ductility combination in this alloy. Thermomechanical processing can also be used to engineer the transformation pathway of L12 from homogenous to discontinuous precipitation. The homogenous and discontinuous L12 precipitation has been investigated in two different alloys namely, Al0.2Ti0.3Co1.5CrFeNi1.5 and Al0.3Ti0.2Co0.7CrFeNi1.7. While discontinuous precipitation (DP) is generally considered deleterious to mechanical properties, the results from this study suggests that microstructures with DP perform better compared to homogenous L12 up to 500oC. However, beyond 500oC, microstructures with homogenous L12 appears to perform better than discontinuously precipitated FCC+L12 microstructure.

We study the unusual phases seen in charge transfer salts (CTS) at 1/2 and 1/4 filling. We use the Holstein-Hubbard model (HHM) and the Peierls extended Hubbard model (PEH) to study competing phases in CTS. In the 1/2illed HHM the Holstein coupling promotes a Peierls charge-density wave phase while the on-site Coulomb repulsion U gives rise to antiferromagnetic correlations and a Mott insulating state. Takada et al. have shown possibility of a third metallic phase between the Mott and the Peierls phase. We investigate the presence of an intermediate phase between the Mott and Peierls phase using Stochastic Series Expansion (SSE) method. We used charge and spin susceptibilities to determine the phase boundaries. As the coupling is increased a spin gap opens followed by the Peierls transition. The intermediate phase is metallic and has a spin gap but no charge gap. Transitions from the Mott to intermediate and intermediate to Peierls state are Kosterlitz-Thouless type (KT). As the coulomb repulsion is increaed beyond certain value the two KT transitions fuse to give a single first order transition. Similar behavior is seen at 1/4illed HHM. We also studied the temperature dependence of charge ordering (CO) in 1/4illed CTS. Most previous theoretical studies of the on CTS have concentrated on ground state or T=0 properties. Here we show the evolution of charge ordered (CO) state with temperature and directly related the experimental phase diagram with our theoretical results. Our calculations show that as temperature is lowered the Wigner crystal state gives way to spin-Peierls state with a different pattern of CO. Also we show that the critical value of nearest neighbor Coulomb repulsion is depends on the total spin and is different for different spin subspace.

No description available.

Multicomponent high-entropy and amorphous alloys represent relatively new classes of structural materials with complex atomic configurations and exceptional mechanical properties. However, there are several knowledge gaps in the relationships between their atomic structure and mechanical properties. Understanding these critical relationships will enable novel alloy design and tailoring of their mechanical properties for desired engineering applications. In this dissertation, first-principles calculations and molecular dynamics simulations are applied to investigate the local atomic configurations and ordering in high-entropy and amorphous alloys. Our findings suggest that fluctuations in local atomic configurations for high- entropy alloys result in significant changes in stacking fault energy, twin energy, dislocation behavior, dislocation-twin interactions, and critical shear stress. For amorphous alloys or metallic glasses, the short-range order (SRO) and medium-range order (MRO) were found to play decisive roles in determination of their mechanical properties. Structural relaxation was found to lead to shear localization, which was attributed to free volume change and evolution of SRO and MRO to more brittle nature. In contrast, rejuvenated metallic glasses had relatively large and uniform free volume distribution giving rise to homogeneous flow and increased plasticity.