The aim of this diploma thesis is The teaching of region-general science on the Klatovsko example. In the first part of the work is the theoretical introduction composed from special literature which describes Klatovsko in many views. The region is characterized, defined and divided to the sub regions; either physical-geographical and socio-economical data as well as environment-conservation are reviewed in the theoretical part of this thesis. The work is not focused only on range of general science but also logical attaches it with information from regional geography. This data together gives allover review on the resolved region. The necessary part of this diploma these is own resolving which is based on seeking for knowledge about the region in 4th and 5th classes of elementary schools. The little spread method of mental mapping was used for research and the method was extended with questionary investigation. The results of own resolving are discussed and interpreted by suitable graphs. The teaching-utilities for either region-general science and geography were created on base of obtained results. The learning texts are prepared for direct-teaching of pupils and connected working sheets for reviewing their knowledge and quality-control of teaching were attached. As an alternative learning-method the funny projects are provided with this work. These projects are useful for teaching of Klatovy region.

A importância do monitoramento de parâmetros físico-químicos e biológicos no meio ambiente torna-se cada vez mais evidenciada quando se busca o entendimento dos processos que ocorrem na natureza, sejam eles decorrentes de ações antrópicas ou naturais, ou ainda, como efetivo auxilio na gestão de ecossistemas aquáticos. Entre os parâmetros de interesse no monitoramento do meio aquático, o oxigênio dissolvido (OD) é, indubitavelmente, uma das variáveis fundamentais na caracterização de ecossistemas, pois este elemento está intimamente ligado à capacidade de respiração de peixes, plantas e de micro-organismos. Assim como o OD, o Potencial de Oxido- Redução (POR) assume papel importante no monitoramento de ambientes aquáticos, pois se relaciona com reações químicas óxido-redutoras e bioquímicas. Ainda, nesse contexto, a temperatura interfere significativamente nas taxas em que ocorrem as reações químicas e bioquímicas. Devido à importância desses parâmetros para o monitoramento ambiental, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de microssensores eletroquímicos amperométricos para medição de oxigênio dissolvido (OD) tipo Clark, potenciométricos para medição de POR e de temperatura, bem como, sistemas eletrônicos compactos para leitura e software para visualização e armazenamento de dados de maneira autônoma, por meio de notebook ou PC. O sistema de aquisição conta com um módulo GPS para registro das coordenadas dos pontos de aquisição e módulo GPRS para transmissão de dados via celular. Foram desenvolvidos eletrodos com base na tecnologia de microssensores utilizados em estudos de biofilmes; recentemente introduzidos no Brasil e desenvolvidos no Departamento de Hidráulica e Saneamento da Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos da Universidade de São Paulo desde 2007, mediante apoio da Universidade de Montana EUA e FAPESP. O método proposto para sua fabricação visa produção com custos minimizados, podendo atingir 50% dos custos de sistemas convencionais para o mesmo propósito; isso decorre da miniaturização de componentes internos, pois assim como nos macro eletrodos, são empregados metais nobres como ouro, platina e prata. Os microssensores, sistemas eletrônicos e software foram validados através de testes de desempenho em laboratório. Em campo, foram avaliados por meio de medições realizadas no reservatório do Lobo (Itirapina - SP), para obtenção de dados limnológicos do reservatório, onde foram aquisicionados perfis de OD, POR e temperatura por meio de um traçado longitudinal com embarcação de pequeno porte e os pontos de medição foram vinculados às coordenadas GPS ao longo do trajeto do levantamento. Na foz dos principais afluentes do reservatório, foram coletadas amostras para análises complementares, buscando identificar alterações antrópicas e os níveis de trofia do reservatório para Fósforo Total e Profundidade (Secchi ZDS). Foi também observada a distribuição espaciais da comunidade fitoplanctônica. / The importance of the physicochemical and biological monitoring parameters in the environment becomes more and more evidenced when the understanding of the processes is looked at what happens in nature, whether they are from anthropic or natural actions. Among the parameters of interest in the aquatic mean monitoring, dissolved oxygen (DO) is undoubtedly, one of the fundamental items in the characterization of aquatic ecosystems, because this element is intimately linked to the breathing capacity of fish, plants and microorganisms of oxidizing substances present on that media. As well as DO, the ORP assumes an important role in aquatic monitoring, acting in the levels of oxide reduction and biochemical reactions that happen. Still, in that context, the temperature represents effective interference in the rates where chemical and biochemical reactions take place in the environment, even in the ones that concern DO and ORP. Due to the importance of these parameters for the environmental monitoring to better know the appropriate conditions and to plan solutions the present work seeks the development of amperometric electrochemistry micro electrodes for dissolved oxygen (DO) measurement Clark type, potentiometric for ORP measurement and temperature with the LM35component, as well as, compact electronic systems for reading and software for visualization and storage of data in an autonomous way, through notebook or PC. Yet, the data acquisition system foresees the application of a GPS module for data acquisition recordings of the coordinates points and a GPRS module for data transmission from cellular. The electrodes were developed based on the microsensors technology used in biofilms studies; recently introduced in Brazil and developed at the Hydraulics and Sanitation Department at School of Engineering of São Carlos at the São Paulo State University since 2007, through the support of the Montana State University USA and FAPESP. The proposed method for construction seeks production with minimized costs, it could reach 50% of the conventional systems costs for the same purpose, due to the internal components miniaturization, because as well as for macro electrodes, noble metals are used as gold, platinum and silver. The microsensors, electronic systems and software were validated through the tests carried out at the laboratory and through comparison with commercially found electrodes. In the field, they will be evaluated through acting tests in measurements carried out at the Lobo Reservoir (Itirapina SP Brazil), throughout the whole reservoir by using a small boat and the data acquisitions points were indexed to the GPS coordinate along the trajectory. Samples were collected at the main affuents of the reservoir for additional analysis, seeking identification of anthropic changes as well as the trophic level of the reservoir for Phosphorus and depth of the Secchi disk (ZDS). It was also observed the spatial distribution of phytoplankton community.

This thesis is focused on the perception of regional identity of inhabitants in administrative district Králíky. The thesis is divided in two parts. In the first theoretical part, literature sources on regional identity and its importance for regional development are discussed. In the second empirical part, studied region is defined, and research methods and techniques are described. In conclusion, the results of the research are presented and explained.

The aim of the thesis is to analyse the demographic, economic a social indicators in the local district of region Vysocina in 2007 and 2013. The theoretical part of the thesis is focused on a literary review of resources with the description of economic, demographic and social indicators. In practical part local districts were divided by cluster analysis into clusters, in which economic situation, demographic characteristics and social situation were assesed. According to the findings of the evaluation, regions were divided into different clusters, from strongest to weakest. Recommendations for improvement in underdeveloped regions are made in the end of the thesis.

A importância do monitoramento de parâmetros físico-químicos e biológicos no meio ambiente torna-se cada vez mais evidenciada quando se busca o entendimento dos processos que ocorrem na natureza, sejam eles decorrentes de ações antrópicas ou naturais, ou ainda, como efetivo auxilio na gestão de ecossistemas aquáticos. Entre os parâmetros de interesse no monitoramento do meio aquático, o oxigênio dissolvido (OD) é, indubitavelmente, uma das variáveis fundamentais na caracterização de ecossistemas, pois este elemento está intimamente ligado à capacidade de respiração de peixes, plantas e de micro-organismos. Assim como o OD, o Potencial de Oxido- Redução (POR) assume papel importante no monitoramento de ambientes aquáticos, pois se relaciona com reações químicas óxido-redutoras e bioquímicas. Ainda, nesse contexto, a temperatura interfere significativamente nas taxas em que ocorrem as reações químicas e bioquímicas. Devido à importância desses parâmetros para o monitoramento ambiental, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de microssensores eletroquímicos amperométricos para medição de oxigênio dissolvido (OD) tipo Clark, potenciométricos para medição de POR e de temperatura, bem como, sistemas eletrônicos compactos para leitura e software para visualização e armazenamento de dados de maneira autônoma, por meio de notebook ou PC. O sistema de aquisição conta com um módulo GPS para registro das coordenadas dos pontos de aquisição e módulo GPRS para transmissão de dados via celular. Foram desenvolvidos eletrodos com base na tecnologia de microssensores utilizados em estudos de biofilmes; recentemente introduzidos no Brasil e desenvolvidos no Departamento de Hidráulica e Saneamento da Escola de Engenharia de São Carlos da Universidade de São Paulo desde 2007, mediante apoio da Universidade de Montana EUA e FAPESP. O método proposto para sua fabricação visa produção com custos minimizados, podendo atingir 50% dos custos de sistemas convencionais para o mesmo propósito; isso decorre da miniaturização de componentes internos, pois assim como nos macro eletrodos, são empregados metais nobres como ouro, platina e prata. Os microssensores, sistemas eletrônicos e software foram validados através de testes de desempenho em laboratório. Em campo, foram avaliados por meio de medições realizadas no reservatório do Lobo (Itirapina - SP), para obtenção de dados limnológicos do reservatório, onde foram aquisicionados perfis de OD, POR e temperatura por meio de um traçado longitudinal com embarcação de pequeno porte e os pontos de medição foram vinculados às coordenadas GPS ao longo do trajeto do levantamento. Na foz dos principais afluentes do reservatório, foram coletadas amostras para análises complementares, buscando identificar alterações antrópicas e os níveis de trofia do reservatório para Fósforo Total e Profundidade (Secchi ZDS). Foi também observada a distribuição espaciais da comunidade fitoplanctônica. / The importance of the physicochemical and biological monitoring parameters in the environment becomes more and more evidenced when the understanding of the processes is looked at what happens in nature, whether they are from anthropic or natural actions. Among the parameters of interest in the aquatic mean monitoring, dissolved oxygen (DO) is undoubtedly, one of the fundamental items in the characterization of aquatic ecosystems, because this element is intimately linked to the breathing capacity of fish, plants and microorganisms of oxidizing substances present on that media. As well as DO, the ORP assumes an important role in aquatic monitoring, acting in the levels of oxide reduction and biochemical reactions that happen. Still, in that context, the temperature represents effective interference in the rates where chemical and biochemical reactions take place in the environment, even in the ones that concern DO and ORP. Due to the importance of these parameters for the environmental monitoring to better know the appropriate conditions and to plan solutions the present work seeks the development of amperometric electrochemistry micro electrodes for dissolved oxygen (DO) measurement Clark type, potentiometric for ORP measurement and temperature with the LM35component, as well as, compact electronic systems for reading and software for visualization and storage of data in an autonomous way, through notebook or PC. Yet, the data acquisition system foresees the application of a GPS module for data acquisition recordings of the coordinates points and a GPRS module for data transmission from cellular. The electrodes were developed based on the microsensors technology used in biofilms studies; recently introduced in Brazil and developed at the Hydraulics and Sanitation Department at School of Engineering of São Carlos at the São Paulo State University since 2007, through the support of the Montana State University USA and FAPESP. The proposed method for construction seeks production with minimized costs, it could reach 50% of the conventional systems costs for the same purpose, due to the internal components miniaturization, because as well as for macro electrodes, noble metals are used as gold, platinum and silver. The microsensors, electronic systems and software were validated through the tests carried out at the laboratory and through comparison with commercially found electrodes. In the field, they will be evaluated through acting tests in measurements carried out at the Lobo Reservoir (Itirapina SP Brazil), throughout the whole reservoir by using a small boat and the data acquisitions points were indexed to the GPS coordinate along the trajectory. Samples were collected at the main affuents of the reservoir for additional analysis, seeking identification of anthropic changes as well as the trophic level of the reservoir for Phosphorus and depth of the Secchi disk (ZDS). It was also observed the spatial distribution of phytoplankton community.

Water is a scarce and unevenly distributed national resource and it is, therefore, important to reduce water consumption in paper mills. Closure of water systems for reuse, however, directly and indirectly results in an increase in the numbers and types of microorganisms resulting in poor runnability, lower production rates and increased safety hazards. The aim of this study was to investigate the microbiology of paper-mill water systems in South Africa to aid in closure of water systems whilst controlling microbial fouling. Different environmental parameters monitored at paper mills were reviewed together with microbial enumeration techniques employed by industry and characterisation and identification methods to study bacteria. Various environmental and process parameters could play an important role in the number and type of microorganisms in a paper-mill water system. The highest correlation between an environmental parameter and biological activity was found for oxidation-reduction potential and the numbers of culturable aerobic bacteria. Other environmental parameters that significantly influenced microbial numbers were temperature, dissolved oxygen, dissolved solids, chemical oxygen demand, nitrogen, phosphorous, specific water consumption, pulp furnish, biocide class and retention time. The characterisation and identification of problematic bacteria in paper mills could enable better control since the correct biocides could be applied to minimise microbiologically associated problems. Prevalent bacteria that were isolated from the water systems of 14 paper machines were typed into 35 distinct groups using ERIC-PCR and PCR-RFLP and identified with sequence analysis. Eleven of the 35 types were identified to species level, 20 types were identified to genus level and the remaining four types were identified to family level. It was found that the majority of bacteria belonged to the genera Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas that contain well-known slime-forming bacterial species. Traditional methods employed to investigate bacteria in industrial water systems often do not accurately represent the composition and diversity of bacterial communities. DGGE analysis could provide a powerful tool for monitoring bacterial diversity, since it is able to discriminate between identical sizes of PCR-amplified DNA fragments that differ in their sequence content. The use of DGGE to monitor changes in microbial populations could improve control of microbial fouling, but more analyses would be needed to validate the results of the present study. / Dissertation (MSc (Microbiology))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Microbiology and Plant Pathology / unrestricted

The diploma thesis dedicates the presence of toxic metals in the river sediments of the Moravian Karst. Thesis assesses potential sources of toxic metals and deals with the issues of legislative measures relating to the presence of toxic metals in sediments. In the practical part diploma thesis determines the amount of toxic metals in 20 selected localities together with other geochemical parameters. pH, redox potential and conductivity were monitored in water. The amount of total organic carbon (TOC) and amount of toxic metals is determined in the river sediment. The concentration of toxic metals in sediments was determined by non-destructive X-ray fluorescence analysis (XRF method) on the device Niton XL3t GOLDD +. Finally, the measured results of toxic metals are evaluated and compared with valid legislative regulations.

The subject of this masters thesis Complex demographical characteristic of Břeclav is to transcribe the demographic development of Břeclav, because this knowledge is undoubtedly important socioeconomic base that can help in deciding about the development of the given region. Demographic characteristics of towns and villages is a part of strategic and development documents, which are regularly compiled by territorial independent units in the Czech Republic. A prediction of selected demographic indicators of population status and dynamics of inhabitants of Břeclav till 2019 was done after creating demographic analysis of Břeclav, using the method of extrapolation of the trend and cohort-component method. The main discovery of this thesis was that in the observed period of time there was a loss of the population by the natural development and the negative migration of the people aged 30-34 and 35-39. The population of the city also was grew older and in the future this trend will be continued. The negative aging process in the demographic development can be positively influenced by immigrating of the people in productive age in the town of Břeclav.

Total lead release in drinking water in the presence of free chlorine and chloramine residuals was investigated in field, laboratory and fundamental investigations for finished waters produced from ground (GW), surface (SW), saline (RO) and blended (B) sources. Field investigations found more total lead was released in the presence of chloramines than in the presence of free chlorine for RO and blended finished waters; however, there were no statistical differences in total lead release to finished GW and SW. Laboratory measurements of finished waters oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) were equivalent by source and were not affected by the addition of more than 100 mg/L of sulfates or chlorides, but were significantly higher in the presence of free chlorine relative to chloramines. Development of Pourbaix diagrams revealed the PbO2 was the controlling solid phase at the higher ORP in the presence of free chlorine and Pb3(CO3)2(OH)2(s) (hydrocerussite) was the controlling solid phase in the presence of chloramines at the lower ORP, which mechanistically accounted for the observed release of total lead as PbO2 is much less soluble than hydrocerussite. The lack of differences in total lead release to finished GW and SW was attributed to differences in water quality and intermittent behavior of particulate release from controlling solid films.

No description available.