The development of new products and processes is a crucial point of competition and due to the rapid technological development and strong international competition, companies are being forced to design better products faster and more efficiently. In the last two decades large companies in particular have developed increasingly sophisticated models, process descriptions, structures and routines for how to steer and manage their often large and complex projects. Processes in product development projects often contain many dependencies among both tasks and people, requiring coordination of activities and the opportunity to capture incomplete information that evolves over time. When attempting to increase project performance, a strong focus has been on the efficiency of the projects, on doing things right. As a result, both in industry and in research, effectiveness, doing the right things, has gained less importance than it probably should. For companies to really increase their performance, effectiveness must be considered to a much higher extent. The objective of the research presented in this thesis has been to increase the knowledge of how the performance of projects in a product development context can be improved. This involves investigating factors which affects performance on different levels of the projects such as the individual working on the project, the single project, the project organisation, the company, and the business context. Data have been collected through literature studies as well as a case study divided into two parts. The research results show that project organisations face the challenge of being able to have projects running efficiently according to plan while at the same time exploring and creating new knowledge. Formalised product development processes can support the progress of projects, but there is a risk that exploratory work and innovation could suffer. This is a challenge, especially in contexts characterised by uncertainty and complexity. Further, a number of areas which affect the project performance were identified, including the business context, process characteristics, project model, project characteristics, and project management. These findings have resulted in a proposed start of a framework for improving product development project performance in dynamic contexts. / INNOFACTURE - innovative manufacturing development

Focus in the world today is quality and customer orientation. An organization needs to understand the concept of value from the perspective of a customer in order to keep up with expectations on quality, and the turbulent and global environment of today characterized by rapidly changing conditions. This master thesis project was conducted at ABB in Sweden during spring 2020. It is essential for ABB to have an ongoing focus on improvement to maintain a successful organization and enable a competitive future of quality and innovation. The aim of this project was to identify ways to improve material flow and reduce the amount of non-value-added activities that exist in a particular assembly process today. The objective of the project was to conduct proposals on realistic actions for improvement for implementation. Initially in the project a current state was performed and compiled into a specification of requirements and visualized through overall mapping of the material and communication flow. Two of the requirements were reducing the total lead time and ensure the same, or improved, physical and psychosocial work environment. The result of the current state showed that material is not available when needed, material shelves are not structured, and material flow is not optimal. Analysis methods used for analyzing the current state were material flow charts, value stream mapping and spaghetti diagrams. The outcome of the performed analyzes were then used as the foundation for a compiled list of problem areas. All previous performed work was then summarized, discussed and developed into a list of actions for improvement. This phase was performed by initially generating a great amount of ideas, which were then reviewed and evaluated in consideration of the specification of requirements. In addition to the final list of actions, a mapping of the future state was conducted to support the actions and visualize what a future state could look like if the actions are implemented. Lastly, the final list of actions was complemented with another list – a living document of the actions. This document gives the opportunity on a regular basis to monitor progress and should be regularly reviewed and updated. To ensure a successful implementation of improvement work based on the conducted action list, it is recommended to define and clarify responsibility for each action as well as target date and end date. Furthermore, the list should be continuously modified to ensure implementation. It is as well recommended to acknowledge implemented improvements in parallel with performing actions to maintain motivation. Additionally, participation in implementation and promoting dialogue, transparency and respect are valuable factors reducing the negative effects of the implementation of improvement concepts and contributes to a sustainable development of the improvement work.

This is a master thesis project performed with Maze Interior AB in Stockholm in the spring/summer 2019, via Luleå University of Technology within product design. It is further part of the Master Programme in Industrial Design Engineering in the course D7014A with the purpose of designing a new coffee-table concept for the less spacious homes. The assignment was additionally about developing an aesthetic coffee table that meets the needs of Maze, the market and the intended users. Other desired qualities were a sustainable and Scandinavian design that is of good quality as well as works with Maze’s existing product range. The project came about because of a perceived lack of smaller tables on today’s interior market and as a result of that, a mutual interest was found in developing a coffee table. As the coffee table is sometimes considered the heart of the living room, it puts certain demands on the product experience, which was explored in this thesis project. The project consisted of four main phases, namely the Conceive & Inspiration, Design, Implement and Operate phase. Examples of methods used, leading up to the results, included a literature review, various analyses of Scandinavian design, the market and Maze, online surveys, interviews, ideation, building a full-sized prototype, CAD modelling, stability calculations etc. The project resulted in a final coffee-table concept named Öglan and an alternative version of it presented in the collection Mono 19. Öglan is a contemporary coffee table with personality due to its playful yet elegant loop shaped leg. It furthermore fulfils the objectives and aims of the project; an innovative, aesthetic, Scandinavian rooted and sustainable coffee table of high quality for the space efficient home. Lastly, Öglan caters to social, ecologic and economic sustainability with its flat packaging, timeless design, material choices, functionality and its tried and tested durable construction.

Particle image velocimetry (PIV) is a widely used fluid measurement technique. Three dimensional PIV data or stereo PIV is acquired using two cameras. Stereo cameras are calibrated from camera coordinates, pixels, to real world units such as millimeters using calibration models. Stereo calibration is fundamental to the accuracy of a PIV measurement. In this thesis, the accuracy of the stereo calibration is assessed. The mean error of stereo calibration was found to be 0.23%.

No description available.

No description available.

Despite significant changes in the construction industry due to the digital revolution, geotechnical engineering has been slower to adopt novel technologies such as Building Information Modeling (BIM). While the benefits of BIM in construction management and planning are recognized, its potential for geotechnical projects is less understood. This study seeks to develop a method for incorporating BIM into geotechnical projects, focusing in particular on the role of parametric design. A qualitative study was conducted based on a scoping review of various secondary data sources. Alongside a literature review, a case study was undertaken to provide practical insights and examine a real-world application of the method, integrating ArcGIS, Excel, Dynamo, and Revit with a Common Data Environment (CDE) to facilitate collaborative and efficient management and visualization of geotechnical data and assets. This research showcases the feasibility of merging parametric geotechnical modeling with BIM, laying the groundwork for future progress in geotechnical modeling and its digital transformation.

The data reliability is crucial in aeronautics because the least miscalculation can lead to crash. Among these data, the balanced field length (BFL) is defined as the shortest field length at which both the take-off and the acceleration-stop can be performed. As the BFL is a critical data, it is subject to certifications that add constraints for all its stages of calculation. An in-house software to calculate the BFL is developed at Dassault Aviation but it can not be embedded and its use requires an expert. Due to the nonlinear dependencies and because an available data set is available, neural networks are proposed to predict the BFL with a maximum relative error less than 2%. The data set of simulations has been set up from Falcon 7X in different configurations of take-off. However, different modelings were used for test- ing purposes and so, the data base is contaminated with points which do not respond to our issue. First of all, it was necessary to find a way to identify these points and a data cleaning algorithm is first implemented. A bagging consensus of neural network is then added to it to detect and filter the other mislabeled data points. Different neural networks are finally trained on the data set and are aggregated to propose the best model. The final model is tested on different database and in this instance, on a Falcon 8X one which has very closed characteristic. It turns out that the algorithm worked for both airplanes and reaches the expected results. / Datatillförlitligheten är avgörande inom luftfarten eftersom minsta felberäk- ning kan leda till krasch. Bland dessa data definieras den balanserade fältläng- den (BFL) som den kortaste fältlängden, vid vilken både start och accelera- tionsstopp kan utföras. Eftersom BFL är en kritisk data, är den föremål för certifieringar som lägger till begränsningar för alla dess beräkningssteg. En egen programvara för att beräkna BFL utvecklas hos Dassault Aviation men den kan inte inbäddas och dess användning kräver en expert. På grund av de olinjära beroenden och eftersom en tillgänglig datauppsättning är tillgänglig föreslås neurala nätverk att förutsäga BFL med ett maximalt relativa fel mindre än 2 %. Datauppsättningen av simuleringar har skapats från Falcon 7X i olika start- konfigurationer. Emellertid användes olika modeller för teständamål och så är databasen förorenad med punkter som inte svarar på vårt problem. Först och främst var det nödvändigt att hitta ett sätt att identifiera dessa punkter och en datalengöringsalgoritm implementerades först. Ett säckskonsensus om neura- la nätverk läggs sedan till det för att detektera och filtrera de andra felmärk- ta datapunkterna. Olika nervnätverk tränas slutligen i datauppsättningen och samlas för att föreslå den bästa modellen. Den slutliga modellen testas i olika databaser och i detta fall på en Falcon 8X som har mycket stängd egenskap. Det visar sig att algoritmen fungerade för båda flygplanen och når de förväntade resultaten.

Sammanfattning Kapaciteten i litiumjonbatterier minskar över tid och användning. Faktorer såsom temperatur,laddningsnivå och djupet av laddningscykeln bidrar till en snabbare degradering. I vissa fall är detomöjligt att kontrollera dessa faktorer, till exempel om användaren lämnar sin telefon på laddningöver natten. Examensarbetets hypotes är att automatisk styrning av batteriladdningen kan reduceralånga perioder av hög laddning och därmed förlänga batteriets livslängd med en liten ansträngningför användaren. Efter en studie och analys om batteridegradering och dess miljöaspekter utformades ochkonstruerades en prototyplösning som proof-of-concept där laddningen styrs automatiskt. Enmobilapplikation skapades för att samla information om batterikonsumtion över dagen. Med hjälpav volontärer genomfördes en fältstudie som pågick under fyra veckor, där syftet var att presenterahur mobiltelefonägare laddar och laddar ur sina mobiltelefoner. Resultaten visade att prototypen skulle ge en försumbar till liten förlängning av batterilivslängden,starkt beroende på användarens tidigare laddningsmönster. Vidare arbete krävs för att uppskattapåverkan av batteridegradering vid alternativa prototyplösningar. Nyckelord Litiumjonbatteri, batteridegradering, mobiltelefon, simulering, automation, android, bluetooth,mikrokontroller

Läraryrket kräver mycket av rösten och sjukfrånvaro relaterad till röstbesvär är högre hos lärare än hos andra yrkesgrupper. Efterklangstid kan påverka risken för besvär. I Region Skåne anpassas efterklangstiden i klassrum där hörselskadade elever skall delta i undervisningen efter regionens Hörselenhets riktlinjer. Effekten på lärarnas röstbettende efter anpassning av efterklangstiden är inte utredd. Syftet med studien var att utvärdera om ljudmiljön i klassrum som anpassats efter Hörselenhetens riktlinjer påverkar lärarnas röstbeteende. Syftet var även att undersöka vilken av svensk standards SS25268:2007 ljudklasser klassrummen som användes under studien uppfyllde utifrån uppmätt efterklangstid. En kvantitativ studie med mätning av efterklangstid, fonationstid, fonationsfrekvens, röststyrka (röst-SPL) och omgivningsbuller (omgivnings-SPL) genomfördes på en skola där både klassrum som anpassats och ej anpassats fanns. Sju lärare deltog. Skattning av upplevelse av talbarhet, buller och röstansträngning utfördes. Statistiskt signifikanta skillnader visades vid jämförelse mellan registrerad röst-SPL och omgivnings-SPL i klassrum med efterklangstid som anpassats efter hörselenhetens riktlinjer och övriga klassrum. Signifikanta skillnader visades även vid jämförelse av upplevelsen av talbarhet och rösttrötthet. Resultaten av efterklangsmätningarna tyder på att det i flera klassrum finns risk för negativ påverkan på lärarnas hälsa. Resultaten gör att frågor kring huruvida skolan uppfyller kraven i föreskriften Belastningsergonomi (AFS 2012:2) väcks. Resultaten för röst-SPL och omgivnings-SPL indikerar att sänkning av efterklangstiden är positiv ur en belastningsergonomisk synvinkel. Slutsatsen av resultaten är att förändring av efterklangstiden i enlighet med Hörselenhetens riktlinjer verkar ha positiv påverkan på lärarnas röstbeteende på talbarheten och rösttröttheten. Studien visade vidare på ett behov av regelbunden undersökning och kontroll av ljudmiljön och övriga riskfaktorer för uppkomsten av röstrelaterade besvär i enlighet med föreskriften Systematiskt arbetsmiljöarbete (AFS 2001:1) i syfte att kartlägga och minska riskerna. För framtida studier rekommenderas ett ökat antal deltagare och ökad observation under mätningarna för att öka säkerheten i resultaten. / The teaching profession is stressful for the voice and the sick leaves related to voice disorders are higher for teachers than for other professions. The reverberation time for a room can increase the risk for voice related disorders. The reverberation time in classrooms in Region Skåne is adjusted according to guidelines from the regions´s Hearing Unit to make it possible for hearingimpaired students to participate in the teaching. The impact on the teacher’s voices has not been investigated after these adjustments. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the sound environment in classrooms, which has been adjusted according to the guidelines from the Hearing Unit affects the teachers voice behavior. The aim was also to investigate reverberation time and which sound classification according to SS25268:2007 the classrooms that was used during the study fulfilled. A quantitative study with measurements of reverberation time, phonation time, phonation rate, voice strength and background noise was conducted at an uppersecondary school with both rooms adapted for shorter reverberation times and rooms with unknown reverberation time available. Seven teachers took part in the study. Estimations of speech ability, noise experience and voice effort were done. Statistically significant differences were shown by comparison of registered voice sound pressure level, SPL, and ambient-SPL in classrooms with reverberation time tailored to the guidelines from the Hearing Unit and other classrooms. Significant differences were also shown when comparing the perception of speech ability and voice fatigue. The results of the measurements of reverberation time indicate that in several classrooms there is a risk of negative impact on the teacher’s health. The results raise questions about whether the school fulfil the requirements of the regulation Ergonomic, for the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders (AFS 2012: 2). The difference in voice-SPL and ambient-SPL indicates that the decrease in reverberation time is positive from an ergonomic point of view. The conclusion of the results is that changes in reverberation time in accordance with the guidelines from the Hearing Unit have a positive impact on the teachers’ voice behaviour and on the speech ability and the voice fatigue. The study shows a need for regular investigations of the acoustic environment and other risk factors of voice-related disorders in order to find and reduce the risks. For future studies an increased number of participants and increased observation during the measurements are recommended to increase the reliability of the results.